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Ethical issues in genetic engineering
Why genetic modification is unethical
Is genetic modification ethical
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Recommended: Ethical issues in genetic engineering
Researchers and scientists should eradicate the practice of altering an embryos genetic makeup other than for eliminating any hereditary diseases passed to the child from a parent, as choosing and enhancing other characteristics is a form of playing God, due to the natural development of a child and their genetic code getting transformed by scientific means.
I. Introduction
A. Hook
B. Compelling information about the topic to draw in the reader.
C. Thesis
II. History about how genetically altering an embryos makeup for reasons other than medical intervention was once restricted, as it was thought to be unethical.
A. The first form of pre-implantation procedures was restricted from using the science in any way that could be perceived as unethical.
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1. Detail where the first procedure tool place and the rules surrounding it. 2. Scientists feelings about using the procedure for non-medical reasons at the time. B. Possible adverse complications during any of the first genetic editing procedures. 1.
Reaction about the first procedures.
2. Statistical evidence about the first procedures performed to prove effectiveness in preventing hereditary disorders in an edited embryo.
III. Explanation of both sides as to why it is or is not justifiable for reasons other than for the medical intervention to have a child live a healthier life.
A. Scientists for the medical advancement along with wanting to create a new wave of embryonic enhancements in the future in genetic altering.
1. Are for creating a child to save another child’s life.
2. Are for enhancing a child’s traits based on the parent’s desires, instead of preventing inherited diseases.
B. Scientists against using the technology to change characteristics of an embryo if not for the purpose of removing inherited disorders.
1. Believe that too much editing of the genetic makeup of an embryo can cause significant complications in the future.
2. Do not believe the practice is ethical for non-medical purposes.
IV. Possible objections for creating a child solely to save another child’s life.
A. Firsthand account about a child created for the reason above.
1. Detailing the parents reason for choosing and creating an embryo just to use them to save another
child. 2. Detailing how the child/ now adult feels about being created for the reason above. B. Research about the medical risks to the child being used for the rehabilitation of the other. 1. Detail whether the child who was created has physical or emotional reactions to any of the medical procedures being performed on them. 2. A doctor’s report about how the procedures effect the wellbeing of the child who was created to save their siblings life. V. Both sides on whether genetically altering embryos to enhance different traits will improve society in the future. A. Individuals for the advancement and spread of altering embryos for traits the parents would prefer. 1. Argue it will make for a more diverse population. 2. Argue that it can help reduce depression genes, as they can edit them out. B. Individuals stance against it. 1. Argue that it will create more prejudice amongst people. 2. Argue that editing will lead to possible undiscovered diseases, due to the changing of an embryos genetic makeup. 3. Do not agree with altering a child’s personality to tailor a parent’s preferences. VI. CRISPR-Cas9- a new advancement in genetic altering. Explanation from both sides as to whether it is beneficial. A. Possible flaws in the technology. 1. Creating a world in the future where a large majority of the population has been genetically altered, possibly causing different diseases that scientist will then have to find cures for. 2. Creating room for adverse conditions to arise from misusage of the technology. B. The biblical aspect to the argument. 1. Parents and scientists playing God by altering embryos. 2. Scientists are not allowing for the natural progression of growth and development to occur when changing personalities and traits to appease a parent. VII. Conclusion A. Restate information to give a compelling closing remark. B. Make it memorable. C. Have the evidence support and tie in with the thesis statement for a well-rounded piece.
Consult the textbook, Chapter 5. Write a coherent document in which you answer the following questions. What is the Paradox of Harm? Apply it to creation of babies by IVF or cloning.
Recent high profile cases, films and books all around the world including the UK, Australia and the United States have brought to the public’s attention a new type of IVF. ‘Embryo Selection’ meaning ‘Embryos are fertilised outside the body and only those with certain genes are selected and implanted in the womb.’ Henceforth meaning that doctors are now able to select specific embryo’s and implant them into the mother of who may have another sick child in order to gain genetic material such as bone marrow which will match the ill-fated child and therefore hopefully be able to save their life. Creating a ‘saviour sibling’. ‘A child conceived through selective in vitro fertilization as a potential source of donor organs or cells for an existing brother or sister with a life-threatening medical condition’ a definition given by Oxford Dictionaries (1.0). Cases of this are happening all around the globe and many are highly documented about. The most famous case could be noted as in the fictional book of ‘My Sisters Keeper’ By Jodi Picoult. I will further discuss this throughout my dissertation and how books and films can affect the view on certain ethical subjects. Furthermore, I am also going to discuss a range of factors such as certain religious beliefs and the physical creation of saviour siblings compared to the creation of designer babies. Strong views are held by many both for and against the creation of saviour siblings.
After the discovery of genetically altering an embryo before implantation, “designer babies” was coined to describe a child genetically altered “to ensure specific intellectual and cosmetic characteristics.” (“Designer Babies” n.p.). This procedure combines genetic engineering and In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) to make sure certain characteristics are absent or present in an embryo (Thadani n.p.). The procedure also includes taking an embryo to be pre-implementation genetically diagnosed (PGD), another procedure that doctors use to screen the embryos (Stock n.p.). An embryo’s DNA goes through multiple tests to obtain an analysis of the embryo, which will list all the components of the embryo including genetic disorders and physical traits such as Down syndrome, blue eyes, and brown hair, for instance (Smith 7). Although the use of PGD is widely accepted by the “reproductive medical community” and the modifying of disorders or diseases is to a degree, once the characteristics are no longer health related “72% disapprove of the procedure” (“Designer Babies” n.p.). At this point the parents make decisions that would alter their child’s life forever and this decision is rather controversial in the U...
In recent years, great advancement has been made in medicine and technology. Advanced technologies in reproduction have allowed doctors and parents the ability to screen for genetic disorders (Suter, 2007). Through preimplantation genetic diagnosis, prospective parents undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) can now have their embryo tested for genetic defects and reduce the chance of the child being born with a genetic disorder (Suter, 2007). This type of technology can open the door and possibility to enhance desirable traits and characteristics in their child. Parents can possibly choose the sex, hair color and eyes or stature. This possibility of selecting desirable traits opens a new world of possible designer babies (Mahoney,
Lucassen, Emy. “Teaching the ethics of genetic engineering” Journal of Biological Education 29 (Summer 1995): 129-139.
What do one think of when they hear the words “Designer Babies”? A couple designing their own baby of course, and it’s become just that. Technology has made it possible for there to be a way for doctors to modify a babies characteristics and its health. Genetically altering human embryos is morally wrong, and can cause a disservice to the parents and the child its effecting.
In order to understand the arguments for and against genetic enhancement, one must first understand what it entails. In 19...
People should not have access to genetically altering their children because of people’s views on God and their faith, the ethics involving humans, and the possible dangers in tampering with human genes. Although it is many parent’s dream to have the perfect child, or to create a child just the way they want, parents need to realize the reality in genetic engineering. Sometimes a dream should stay a figment of one’s imagination, so reality can go in without the chance of harming an innocent child’s life.
Scientist clones human embryos, and creates an ethical challenge. New York Times. October 26, 1993: A1.
...on of human embryos but they successfully argue that the benefits of therapeutic cloning outweigh the morally based objections regarding the process” (2011). Furthermore they emphasize the fact that human lives are spared and improved by the use of genetic engineering and that the destruction of human embryos can eventually be omitted out of the process in a near future through other forms of technology.
The desire to have a "normal" child is held by every parent and only now are we beginning to have the ability to select for that child. In preparation to receiving genetic testing, the parents are required to meet with a genetic counselor. A detailed description of the testing methods are reviewed with the couple as well as the risks which are involved with each. Upon an understanding of the procedures, the counselor discusses the many possible outcomes which could be the result of the diagnosis. Finally, before any tests are performed, anxieties from either of the parents are addressed as well as the psychological well-being of the parents.
Have you ever wondered what it would be like to be able to choose your own characteristics, or even get rid of unwanted ones? Although at first, this may seem like the main idea of a cliche science fiction novel, it is, in fact, a current controversy known as gene editing. Gene editing is a widespread possibility for the future. The hope is that one day scientists will be capable of changing the genes in human embryos to remove dangerous inherited diseases. Despite the clearly positive results of healthier children, people are split on whether or not it’s actually beneficial. Some argue that it’s unsafe and that we don’t know if it has negative effects that could end up doing more harm than good. On the other side, some believe that if we
According to Linda MacDonald Glenn, J.D., L.L.M., “The introduction of these diseases to the human population could have devastating consequences” (Glenn). Human genetic engineering may also cause the production of unwanted mutations, such as developmental issues. The procedures that would be used for genetically modifying human cells would include numerous alterations to sperm, eggs, stem cells, or embryos before entering a woman’s uterus. This could potentially modify the growth and development of the fetus in ways that have not yet been thoroughly explored (Genetics and Public Policy Center).... ...
There are different ways and reasons why people wish to change the genes in their cells; the two categories split into “somatic and germline genetic engineering”. When a scientist uses “somatic genetic engineering” -the sex cells-- eggs and sperms are not affected; a specific gene code is changed and the genes do not pass down to the next generation. The other genetic engineering used is “germline” which, in contrast to somatic engineering, affects the eggs and sperms. When germline genetic engineering is used, the genes will be passed down to the next generation, affecting the physical and genetic traits. The debate rises and people question people’s free will. Bioethics is the formal and recognized term that describes the advantages and disadvantages that genetic enginee...
More than a decade after scientists have unraveled the human genome, there are attempts now by scientists across the globe to re-write it. Gene editing technologies have provided inexpensive ways to edit, delete, insert and modify genes in human cells. Correcting genetic defects sounds intriguing but people do worry about the extent of the possibilities. Some people are of the opinion that gene editing in embryos could benefit immensely as it would be able to eradicate terrible and life threatening genetic diseases even before the baby is born. Sounds good, doesn’t it? -