Suppositories are the frequently used dosage forms prescribed through rectal route. However, suppositories have the limitation of prolonged onset of action which can be attributed to poor drug release properties of suppository base. Surfactants can increase the drug release to aid absorption by reducing the interfacial tension between rectal fluids and the suppository base. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of different concentrations of sodium lauryl sulphate and tween 80 on the drug release of paracetamol from suppositories of palm kernel base (HAMIN®). Sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and tween 80 were used in this study to examine their effect on the drug release from paracetamol suppositories prepared using HAMIN® base by the double casting method. The effect of SLS at concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% w/w in the suppositories was analysed, the percentage increase in the drug release was 26.6%, 28.9%, 37.4% and 84.6% respectively. But at the same concentrations, Tween 80 exhibited higher percentage of drug release than SLS which were by 0.79, 8.9, 10 and 10 folds respectively. It can be concluded that although SLS had increased the drug release from formulated suppositories, it was not as effective as Tween 80. Keywords: Rectal route of administration, Suppository, paracetamol, Sodium lauryl sulphate, Tween 80, HAMIN® base. Introduction Oral route is the most common route of drug administration in daily practice. However, drugs may not be suitable to be delivered orally in some circumstances. Young children, elderly, those experiencing nausea, vomiting and unconscious patients, face difficulty or even unable to swallow the medicines [1]. In these cases, rectal route becomes a good al... ... middle of paper ... ...auryl sulphate (SLS) will be used at different concentrations in the paracetamol suppositories of palm kernel base (HAMIN®) to examine its effect on the drug release and to determine the most favourable concentration of SLS on increasing the absorption rate of paracetamol rectally. Tween 80 is also known as polysorbate 80 or polyoxyethylene 20 Sorbitan mono-oleate. [13] It is an oleate ester of sorbitol and its anhydrides. It is an oily, clear or slightly opalescent liquid with the colour of brownish-yellow or colourless. Tween 80 is considered one of the most commonly used surfactant in the formulation of suppositories. [14] It is a widely used as non-ionic surfactant in the formulation of suppositories over years, it is chosen to be compared with SLS on the rate of drug release at the same concentrations as such study has not reported earlier with HAMIN® base.
The design and slow-release action of the Rectal Rocket can dramatically bring about healing in as few as 3 doses.
The purpose of this experiment was to learn and preform an acid-base extraction technique to separate organic compounds successfully and obtaining amounts of each component in the mixture. In this experiment, the separation will be done by separatory funnel preforming on two liquids that are immiscible from two layers when added together. The individual components of Phensuprin (Acetylsalicylic acid, Acetanilide, and Sucrose as a filler) was separated based upon their solubility and reactivity, and the amount of each component in the mixture was obtained. Also, the purity of each component will be determined by the melting point of the component.
Lexapro is obtainable as tablets or an oral solution, the most frequent use is the tablet. The identification of Lexapro tab...
Multiple studies have demonstrated the prophylactic effect of rectal declophenate (5-9) and rectal indomethacin (10, 11) or combined diclophenate and indomethacin (12), but no studies have evaluated the prophylactic effect of oral NSAIDs. On the other hand, Almeida et al demonstrated data on the ...
The SMART goal for the patient’s diagnosis of diarrhea is that the patient will defecate formed, soft stool every 1 to 3 days and will express relief of cramping with little or no diarrhea. The intervention to meet this smart goal is the administration of fidaxomicin, a narrow spectrum antibiotic, to treat the infection of Clostridium difficile (Sears, 2013). Another nursing intervention for the treatment of diarrhea is assessing the patient for sodium and potassium loss, as well as explaining the prevention methods to avoid the spread of excessive diarrhea (Mitchell, 2014). The nurse must also provide proper skin integrity care to the peritoneal are and make the environment safe and easy for access to the bathroom. The SMART goal for the patient’s diagnosis of acute pain is that the patient will state relief of pain in abdominal area after treatment with opioids in a 24hr period. The nursing intervention for acute pain is the administration of opioids as well as positioning to keep patient in as much comfort as possible and take pressure off of the abdominal area. The nurse must also assess the patient’s vital signs and pain level
Paracetamol (Acetaminophen): “Decreased effectiveness of diuretic (Furosemide) because acetaminophen may decrease renal prostaglandin excretion and decrease plasma renin activity”(Woo & Wynne, 2011, p. 891).
The molecular formula is C23H27FN4O2, with a molecular weight of 410.49 (Ereshefsky & Mascarena, 2003). Route of administration is oral. Once the drug passes the esophagus and stomach, it makes its way into the small intestines. There are beds of capillaries within the intestine walls.
Acetaminophen is ingested orally and is rapidly and completely absorbed into the gastrointestinal tract. It works in about one hour. The liver detoxifies 90% of it by mixing it with sulfuric acid, and another 3-5% is catabolized by enzyme reactions to the acid. The metabolites are excreted in the urine.
Potent pain medication contains the aspects of utilizing medications such as morphine or demerol, how the medications are dispensed, and t...
The pure compound melting point should be in the range of 169-172 ℃. During this lab practical Paracetamol- acetaminophen will be synthesis, purified and recrystallized again. The purpose of the experiment was to learn basic recrystallization techniques that include hot and cold filtration
Discuss the possible drug and excipient-related constrains of the formulation (no identity of the drug was given to you at this
“Pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) can be seen as two sides of the same coin. PK and PD have a definite relationship, assessing how much drug gets to the site of action and then what that action is. Both activities are essential in the complete investigation of the interaction between the drug and body, and play significant roles in both drug development and their continual use in the clinical setting (Institute Of Clinical Research, Clinical Pharmacology Special Interest Group, Pharmacokinetics vs. Pharmacodynamics).”
A peripherally inserted central catheter, more commonly referred to as a PICC line, is a wonderful tool in any medical setting. Providing access for drug administration, blood testing, nutrition, etc. Anything, such as medication, supplemented into the bloodstream will work significantly faster than alternative routes like orally, or even intramuscularly. Whatever is provided via the PICC line will immediately be transported in the blood to desired areas in the body; no longer necessitating a need for the body to break down the components first through the GI tract. However, PICC lines do have dangers associated with the same characteristics that make them remarkable. The rapid transit time, and immediate reaction on the body mean that
Analysis of Aspirin Tablets Aim --- To discover the percentage of acetylsalicylic acid in a sample of aspirin tablets. ----------------------------------------------------------------- In order to do this, the amount of moles that react with the sodium hydroxide must be known. This is achieved by using the method of back titration.
... used with freedom in the daily practice of medicine, it is remarkable how few data exist confirming either the safety or the effectiveness of these fluids (Versteeg, H. 2000).