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Computer application in medicine
Computer application in medicine
Computer application in medicine
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Fluid Mechanics
Physics is the branch of science, which deals with the motion, and the causes of the motion on a specific body. However, what causes this motion? The answer is forces that are in action. This subject of motion under forces is termed as Mechanics. Every object around us shows some type of motion, for example Sun and the other planets are going in circular motion and many other examples are all undergoing in the action of some kind of forces. The motion of fluids or liquids under the action of some forces is termed as fluid mechanics. Fluids may include any type of liquids, gasses, or plasma. The study of these phases and their motion is very important and they have been widely used in many modern life applications.
Out of three phases of matter liquids and gas are considered to be fluids and we will talk about their application and uses in the modern world. In some cases, plasma is considered as the third type of fluid. Plasma as can be found in the universe as the most abundant form and its application is also very wide. According to the definition of Physics, fluids are defined as the substance, which deforms continuously under the application of applied stress. If the surface effects are not considered, then the flow of liquids and gases are considered same.
Fluid mechanics is a very wide field which is used in almost in every field. In this field the macroscopic motion of fluids is studied under the action of laws of classical mechanics. For scientist who tries to invent new things every time fluid mechanics gives them a good opportunity to make technical things. These can be used in aircraft designing’s, automobile engineering to rocket science. Advances in computer technology and algorithms have opened thi...
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... used with freedom in the daily practice of medicine, it is remarkable how few data exist confirming either the safety or the effectiveness of these fluids (Versteeg, H. 2000).
Colloids and Crystalloids
Crystalloids are typically based on a solution of germ-free water with added electrolytes to approximate the mineral content of human plasma. Crystalloids come in a variety of originations, from those that are hypotonic to plasma to those that have equal or unequal tensions. It was designed to approximate the mineral and electrolyte concentration of human plasma. Colloids are often based on crystalloid solutions, thus containing water and electrolytes, but have the added component of a colloidal substance that does not freely diffuse across a semipermeable membrane. They are widely used for clinical improvements such as lung injury and other bacterial peritonitis.
They just forgot to mention the other effects of fluids in nature. “The influence of the fluid on a body moving through it depends not only on the body’s velocity but also on the velocity of the fluid,” this is called relative velocity ( ). The relative velocity of a body in a fluid has an effect on the magnitude of the acting forces. For example, as a long distance runner is running into a head wind, the force of the fluid is very strong. If the runner is running with the help of a tail wind, the current’s force is reduced and may even be unnoticeable.
Continuum Mechanics is the branch of mechanics which deals with the study of deformation and motion of continuous bodies. Primarily, a continuous solid body can be categorized into two types: (i) Rigid body and (ii) Elastic body. When external forces are applied on the body and the relative positions of its particles do not change at all, the body is said to be perfectly rigid body, otherwise it is said to be elastic body. A body is called strained, if under the influence of some external forces, the relative positions of its particles get altered. The change in the relative position of particles is called deformation. In practice, all solid bodies undergo deformation up to some extent by the application of suitable forces upon them. There are certain bodies which regain their original configuration when the deforming forces are removed. For example, the wire regains its original length after
Introduction to Aerodynamics Aerodynamics is the study of the motion of fluids in the gas state and bodies in motion relative to the fluid/air. In other words, the study of aerodynamics is the study of fluid dynamics specifically relating to air or the gas state of matter. When an object travels through fluid/air there are two types of flow characteristics that happen, laminar and turbulent. Laminar flow is a smooth, steady flow over a smooth surface and it has little disturbance. Intuition would lead to the belief that this type of air flow would be desirable.
Bowers, L., Allan, T., Simpson, A., Nijman, H., & Warren, J. (2007). Adverse Incidents, Patient
Size and stability: Liquid formulation can be bulky, difficult to transport and store.1 During storage under the stated conditions, it’s necessary that oral solutions are not subject to precipitation, fast sedimentation, caking or formation of lump.2 They have poor stability compare to solid dosage form formulation due to hydrolysis.1 Therefore, it’s important to optimize the active ingredient stability in liquid formulation including those prepared from powder or granules.2
Flight is one of the most important achievements of mankind. We owe this achievement to the invention of the airfoil and understanding the physics that allow it to lift enormous weights into the sky.
Opercular pumping is a mechanism utilized by certain fish for gas exchange. An opercular pump is used to pump water through the gills in an almost continuous unidirectional flow (SHSU). A dual pump is used in tandem in order to drive the unidirectional flow, both a buccal cavity and opercular cavity work simultaneously. The oral valve along the buccal cavity opens, allowing an influx of water. This influx of water causes an expansion of the opercular cavity, dropping the pressure (Hall). Water then enters into the opercular cavity and flows out due to opercular cavity compression. This compression pumps water out which leaves fresh air in the buccal cavity to be brought to the lungs for respiration. Lungfish utilize a different method of
Since the days of Aristotle, all substances have been classified into one of three physical states. A substance having a fixed volume and shape is a solid. A substance, which has a fixed volume but not a fixed shape, is a liquid; liquids assume the shape of their container but do not necessarily fill it. A substance having neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume is a gas; gases assume both the shape and the volume of their container. The structures of gases, and their behavior, are simpler than the structures and behavior of the two condensed phases, the solids and the liquids
The two laws of physics that apply to hydraulics are Bernoulli's law and Pascal’s Law . Bernoulli's law states that for an inviscid flow, an increase in the speed of the fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy. Pascal's law or the principle of transmission of fluid-pressure is a principle in fluid mechanics that states that pressure exerted anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted equally in all directions throughout the fluid such that the pressure variations remain the same.
As Americans we want and need things in order to survive or to live life to the fullest. Our society ensures that our needs and wants are met. How do we make sure that we produce what we need and that those goods are distributed fairly? We do this by understanding the Circular Flow Model chart. According to Business Dictinary.com, the Circular Flow Model “is a simple economic model illustrating the flow of goods and services though the economy. In the model, producers are termed as "firms" while consumers are referred to as "households." Firms supply goods and services while households consume these goods and services. Factors of production (land, labor, capital) are supplied by the household to firms and the firms convert
Evaporation is part of our everyday lives. After washing the dishes, after taking a shower, and many more signs of evaporation in our everyday lives, but does every type of liquid evaporate at the same rate? Sometimes liquids may be sitting in one dry place and its molecules might turn into gas molecules, that is the process of evaporation. When energy in certain molecules reaches a specific level, those molecules have a phase change. Evaporation occurs when molecules escape from their liquid and form into vapor. If there was a puddle of water outside, and it was a windy day, the air from the wind can cause an increased rate of evaporation. When a molecule
In the first Unit of class we talked about motion in one dimension, but in this unit we talked about motion two dimensional. One example of a two dimensional motion is projectile motion. Projectile motion is when an object has an initial force that is applied to it to begin its motion. After the object starts its motion there is no longer a force that is being applied. At this point in time The only two forces that are acting on the object the first one and that largest one is gravity. The second force is normally neglected, when doing a projectile calculation. This small force is air resistance and causes the object
Operation: A hydrometer is a measurement instrument used to measure the relative density of liquids, the ratio of a density of a liquid to the density of water.
Ideally, in the absence of fluid friction, the flow of incompressible fluids can be described by Bernoulli’s Equation:
Projectile motion is used in our daily lives, from war, to the path of the water in the water fountain, to sports. When using a water fountain or hose, projectile motion can be used to describe the path and motion of the water. This technology was created by finding the angle at which the water would come out at a maximum height and the person using it would be able to drink it without leaning over too much. These types of projectile motion will be further explored and analyzed in this assessment.