Effect of Oppression in "The Yellow Wallpaper"
"The Yellow Wallpaper" by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is a self-told story about a woman who approaches insanity. The story examines the change in the protagonist's character over three months of her seclusion in a room with yellow wallpaper and examines how she deals with her "disease." Since the story is written from a feminist perspective, it becomes evident that the story focuses on the effect of the society's structure on women and how society's values destruct women's individuality. In "Yellow Wallpaper," heroine's attempt to free her own individuality leads to mental breakdown.
Right from the beginning of the story, it becomes clear that the protagonist has no voice. Her husband is very controlling and oppressive since she has to ask him for permission to do anything. He prohibits her of writing and seeing people she loves, assuming he is the only one who knows what's best for her. The fact that he's a physician emphasizes that he is a man in power and that it would be impossible for the narrator to object to the treatment he prescribed her. Moreover, she doesn't try to disobey him, but rather she hides her true feelings inside and suppresses her emotions around him, so he wouldn't send her away for more serious treatment.
Even though her husband treats her with what seem at first as love, it becomes clear she is nothing more to him than a piece of property. Every time he talks to her, he asks her to get better for his sake and the children's, and only after mentions hers interests. He doesn't think that she has any normal human feelings or worries and attributes her behavior to minor nervous depression. He doesn't see her true suffering since he believes "there is no reason to suffer" (574). He could never understand that a woman can be unsatisfied with the role imposed on her by society. Even though the heroine recognizes that her condition is caused by something other than John's theory, she is too scared to voice her opinion.
From being secluded in the room for three months, heroine starts slowly to realize that her depression is caused by oppression of her husband. She recognizes that she gets "unreasonably angry with John sometimes" and later wishes he would get his own room (573).
"The Yellow Wallpaper" by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is a story about a woman’s gradual descent into insanity, after the birth of her child. The story was written in 1892 after the author herself suffered from a nervous breakdown, soon after the birth of her daughter in 1885. Gilman did spend a month in a sanitarium with the urging of her physician husband. "The Yellow Wallpaper" is a story about herself, during the timeframe of when Gilman was in the asylum.
The narrator is trying to get better from her illness but her husband “He laughs at me so about this wallpaper” (515). He puts her down and her insecurities do not make it any better. She is treated like a child. John says to his wife “What is it little girl” (518)? Since he is taking care of her she must obey him “There comes John, and I must put this away, he hates to have me write a word”. The narrator thinks John is the reason why she cannot get better because he wants her to stay in a room instead of communicating with the world and working outside the house.
The narrator makes comments and observations that demonstrate her will to overcome the oppression of the male dominant society. The conflict between her views and those of the society can be seen in the way she interacts physically, mentally, and emotionally with the three most prominent aspects of her life: her husband, John, the yellow wallpaper in her room, and her illness, "temporary nervous depression. " In the end, her illness becomes a method of coping with the injustices forced upon her as a woman. As the reader delves into the narrative, a progression can be seen from the normality the narrator displays early in the passage, to the insanity she demonstrates near the conclusion.
First, the narrator also known as Jane is sick and her husband John does not believe that. Her husband does not know that so what he does is look her in a room. Which doesn’t work it just makes her even more sick and crazy. He doesn’t try to do anything to help her. All John can think of is lock her in a room. The narrator’s husband is a physician as well as her brother. They say that if
The woman suffers from depression and is prescribed a rest cure. John believes that she is not sick, but she is just fatigued and needs some rest. John took her to a summer home and placed her in a room upstairs. He then instructs her to rest and not to do any writing. John's views as a doctor forbid any type of activity, even writing, for he feels it will only worsen her already fragile condition. The woman believes she would feel better if she could write: "Personally, I believe that congenial work, with excitement and change, would do me good" (470). The woman did not like the room that John put her in: "I don't like our room a bit. I wanted one downstairs that opened on the piazza and had roses all over the window, and such pretty old-fashioned chintz hangings! But John would not hear of it" (470).
The narrator struggled with her self-identity primarily due to her unequal relationship with her husband John unequal relationship. Their disproportionate relationship is a picture of the larger gender inequality in society. John’s patronizing and fatherly behavior toward his wife seems to not be due to her illness. He outright dismisses her opinions and her “flights of fancy” with equal aloofness, while he depreciates her creative impulses. The narrator reveals how restrained she is when she says: “There comes John, and I must put this away,-he hates to have me write a word” (Gilman 309). She is a grown woman, and she is not allowed to express her thoughts even on paper. John speaks of her as he would a child, calling her his “little girl” and saying of her, “bless her little heart!” (Gilman 314). John dominates her judgments on the best course of treatment for herself, forcing her to live in a house she despises, in a room she loathes, and in a remote environment which
"The Yellow Wallpaper," by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, tells the story of a woman's descent into madness as a result of the "rest and ignore the problem cure" that is frequently prescribed to cure hysteria and nervous conditions in women. More importantly, the story is about control and attacks the role of women in society. The narrator of the story is symbolic for all women in the late 1800s, a prisoner of a confining society. Women are expected to bear children, keep house and do only as they are told. Since men are privileged enough to have education, they hold jobs and make all the decisions. Thus, women are cast into the prison of acquiescence because they live in a world dominated by men. Since men suppress women, John, the narrator's husband, is presumed to have control over the protagonist. Gilman, however, suggests otherwise. She implies that it is a combination of society's control as well as the woman's personal weakness that contribute to the suppression of women. These two factors result in the woman's inability to make her own decisions and voice opposition to men.
She makes herself believe that as a “physician” he knows what’s best for her and, therefore, acts passively, letting John control her even though she gets “unreasonably angry with” him (Gilman40). Writing in her journal is the only thing that keeps her sane; yet John takes that away from her: “I must put this away-he hates to have me write” (Gilman 41). The narrator yearns to confess to John how she really feels, but she prefers to keep her feelings bottled up: “I think sometimes that if I were to write a little it would relieve the pressure of ideas and rest me” (Gilman 42). Instead, she is passive and hides her emotions. “I cry at nothing and cry most of the time.
“The Yellow Wallpaper” written by Charlotte Perkins-Gilman explores the oppression of women in the nineteenth century and the constant limitation of their freedom, which many times led to their confinement. The short story illustrates male superiority and the restriction of a woman’s choice regarding her own life. The author’s diction created a horrific and creepy tone to illustrate the supernatural elements that serve as metaphors to disguise the true meaning of the story. Through the use of imagery, the reader can see that the narrator is living within a social class, so even though the author is trying to create a universal voice for all women that have been similar situations, it is not possible. This is not possible because there are many
She had to do what he said not what she wanted. “If a physician of high standing, and one 's own husband, assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depression -- a slight hysterical tendency -- what is one to do?”( Gilman) She felt alone and misunderstood especially by her husband. He would treat her as a little girl he would call her “little goose, dear, darling” he would even carry her upstairs and read her a story until she would fall asleep. He made a schedule for her for every hour of the day and he had someone watching her all day while he was away. John seem like a sweet caring man but I think he was just doing all this to keep her under control. The house where he took her is like a jail because it has barred windows, her room was upstairs with a gate on top of the stairs, the bed is bolted to the floor. Living in a place like this made it difficult to escape. She did not wanted to be in the room he chose for her because she did not like it. She wanted to be in another room downstairs and he would not allow her to be in the room she wanted to be in. By John treating her this way he was not helping with her mental state because he was forcing her to be somewhere were she did not wanted to be. John did not see how his wife was struggling and felt trap inside of
The woman behind this work of literature portrays the role of women in the society during that period of time. "The Yellow Wallpaper" written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, is a well written story describing a woman who suffers from insanity and how she struggles to express her own thoughts and feelings. The author uses her own experience to criticize male domination of women during the nineteenth century. Although the story was written fifty years ago, "The Yellow Wallpaper" still brings a clear message how powerless women were during that time.
Gilman shows through this theme that when one is forced to stay mentally inactive can only lead to mental self-destruction. The narrator is forced into a room and told to be passive, she is not allowed to have visitors, or write, or do much at all besides sleep. Her husband believes that a resting cure will rid her of her “slight hysterical tendency” (Gilman 478). Without the means to express herself or exercise her mind in anyway the narrator begins to delve deeper and deeper into her fantasies. The narrator begins to keep a secret journal, about which she states “And I know John would think it absurd. But I must say what I feel and think in some way - it is such a relief” (Gilman 483)! John tells his wife that she must control her imagination, lest it run away with her. In this way John has asserted full and complete dominance over his wife. The narrator, though an equal adult to her husband, is reduced to an infancy. In this state the narrator begins her slow descent into hysteria, for in her effort to understand herself she fully and completely loses herself.
Since society dictates that women are weak and irrational, John sees the narrator that way and misinterprets her illness. Also, by examining the authoritative way John treats the narrator, the readers obtain a better understanding of their relationship as husband and wife. In their marriage, John makes decisions on the narrator’s behalf while she is expected to be submissive. Society’s representation of women is so ingrained in John’s mind that he fails to see his wife as his equal, but instead as a weaker counterpart who is in need of a man’s wisdom and counsel. John’s narrow-minded thinking affects the narrator by giving her feelings of defeat and powerlessness. Their relationship parallels the roles that men and women play in marriage when the story was written. John’s decision to stick to his prejudiced thinking and to treat the narrator using this ‘rest cure’ leads to the narrator experiencing an intense feeling of isolation, and this isolation caused her mental decline. Her damaged mental state is evident when she says, “All those strangled heads and bulbous eyes and waddling fungus growths shriek with derision!”
“The Yellow Wallpaper” by Charlotte Gilman is about a woman suffering from mental illness that came about after her baby. Her husband, John, who is a doctor, calls it nervous depression. The couple is staying in a mansion for three months due to the narrator needing to be bed rested. Within this mansion, John makes his wife stay in one of the rooms upstairs that is covered in an ugly, yellow wallpaper; John makes all the decisions for him and the Narrator. The Narrator completely hates the room because of the wallpaper. Soon, the Narrator becomes obsessed with the wallpaper, especially the pattern of the wallpaper, and that their is a woman trapped within the wallpaper. The obsession continues to grow through out the story until the Narrator
Even when a summer in the country and weeks of bed-rest don't help, her husband refuses to accept that she may have a real problem. Throughout the story there are examples of the dominant-submissive relationship. She is virtually imprisoned in her bedroom, supposedly to allow her to rest and recover her health. She is forbidden to work, "So I...am absolutely forbidden to "work" until I am well again." She is not even supposed to write: "There comes John, and I must put this away - he hates to have me write a work." She has no say in the location or décor of the room she is virtually imprisoned in. "I don't like our room a bit. I wanted...but John would not hear of it." Another factor is being forbidden to have visitors: "It is so discouraging not to have any advice and companionship about my work...but he says he would as soon put fireworks in my pillow-case as to let me have those stimulating people about now." Probably in large part because of her oppression, she continues to decline. "I'm getting really fond of the room in spite of the wallpaper. Perhaps because of the wallpaper. It dwells in the mind so!" Here she is expressing her feelings for the room that she has been forced to live in, as it grows on her. At this point it becomes quite apparent, to the reader, that she is not getting any better. In later lines she talks of herself laying on the bed and trying to follow the lines to their destinations, wherever they might lead.