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Research papers on methods and modalities for teaching deaf education
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The article “Educational Interpreters and Early Childhood Development Training” by Sam Freeman examines the needed skills for one to be an interpreter in primary schools. This topic has become extremely important, especially with the increase of job positions for educational interpreters and the lack of trained interpreters in the field. This article suggests that primary school interpreters need to be highly skilled, as the interpreter is setting up the child’s success in school. Along with this argument are examples and techniques of how to properly interpret in a classroom setting. Freeman believes that interpreters lack the skills to understand the context of classroom settings, and cannot properly perform dynamic equivalence. This means the deaf students are not receiving the experience as the hearing students. Educational interpreters need to have background in the field of early childhood education in order to properly understand the purpose behind the teacher’s words. Always telling the students what the teacher means is not going to help impact them the way it impacts hearing students. Teachers are trained to say things in ways that challenge the students’ thinking and require them to process questions in a different way. An example of this is …show more content…
I had never looked further into the requirements of being an educational interpreter. Before now, I had never realized the importance of the primary school years. Since so many deaf children are born to hearing parents, it would be vital for me, as the interpreter, to introduce the child to ASL until they are exposed to the deaf community. It is also important that I understand the tactics of the teachers so I can impact the deaf student, and allow them to be as successful as their hearing counterparts. I now realize that being an interpreter in the primary years will really influence the child’s success in later
In the following chapters, there is an extensive amount of knowledge to learn about how Deaf culture is involved in our modern world. The pages assigned give us an outlook of how Deaf people are treated in our daily life, and how we should learn from it. Its gives a clear line between what are myths and what are facts, to those who are curious about the Deaf community or have specific questions. This book has definitely taught me new things that I could put to good use in the near future. In specific chapters, my mind really opened up to new ideas and made me think hard about questions, like “why don’t some Deaf people trust hearing people,” or “do we need another ‘Deaf president now’ revolution?” I realized many new things in the course of reading this book, and have recommended this to my family.
In the book Seeing Voices, the author describes the world of the deaf, which he explores with extreme passion. The book begins with the history of deaf people in the United States of America, the horrible ways in which they had been seen and treated, and their continuing struggle to gain hospitality in the hearing world. Seeing Voices also examines the visual language of the deaf, sign language, which is as expressive and as rich as any spoken language. This book covers a variety of topics in deaf studies, which includes sign language, the neurology of deafness, the treatment of Deaf American citizens in history, and the linguistic and social challenges that the deaf community face. In this book, Oliver Sacks does not view the deaf as people having a condition that can be treated, instead he sees the deaf more like a racial group. This book is divided into three parts. In the first part, Oliver Sacks states a strong case for sign language, saying it is in fact a complete language and that it is as comprehensive as English, French, Chinese, and any other spoken language. He also describes the unhappy story of oralism (this is the education of deaf students through oral language by using lip reading, speech, and mimicking the mouth shapes and breathing patterns of speech)) in deaf children’s education. In addition, the first part is about the history of deaf people as well as information about deafness. It also includes the author’s own introduction to the world of the deaf.
One excerpt mentioned that the idea that Deaf people are left with the burden of fitting into a hearing world was a product of “laziness” on the part of the Hearing. Instead of making adjustments to accommodate the Deaf, Deaf people are doing all of the work to accommodate the Hearing. Notwithstanding the major alterations that include learning to speak and wearing hearing aids, hearing people merely have to learn sign language. I’ve witnessed this in my own home. When my brother stopped speaking, it wasn’t ever a concern for the rest of the family to adjust to him, we continued on as if nothing changed. It’s true, Deaf children practically have no say in how they would rather communicate, it is left up to the parent and in most cases, Hearing parents. I’m just glad that I have an opportunity do the work to learn ASL and make strides in breaking down barriers that have hindered communication between the Hearing and the
The use of psychological therapy or what is sometimes called “talk-therapy” has proven to be an effective and worthwhile resource in countless lives in America. For most hearing people, once the decision to seek help is made, it’s a simple matter of showing up to a therapy appointment or walking into a clinic and asking for help. However, for the Deaf culture finding accessible and Deaf-friendly services, can be a challenge producing little results. One way this issue is currently addressed is through the use of interpreters who help facilitate communication between a hearing professional and Deaf person. Therefore, the ideas discussed, reviewed the benefits and challenges of using interpretation when a Deaf person seeks counseling. The objective was to examine what role an interpreter may play in the process, in addition to the communication aspect between the hearing and Deaf.
At Clarke I currently teach in a self contained classroom of four year old children that are deaf and hard of hearing who are learning to listen and speak. I assist under the direction of the classroom teacher in planning, preparing and executing lessons in a listening and spoken language approach. I have the opportunity to record, transcribe and analyze language samples on a daily basis. In addition, I facilitate the child's communication in the classroom and ensure carryover of activities between the classroom and individual speech therapy sessions. Every week I contribute and participate in meetings with the educational team to discuss each child's progress using Cottage Acquisition Scales of Speech, Language and Listening (CASSLLS).
Singleton, Jenny and Matthew Tittle. “Deaf Parents and Their Hearing Children.” Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. 5.3 (2000): 221-234. PsycINFO. EBSCO. Web. 9 Dec. 2013.
...old, Johnson. (2004). U.S. Deaf Education Teacher Preparation Programs: A Look at the Present and a Vision for the Future. American Annals of Deaf, 149, 75-91.
CLOSE UP CHAPTER ONE. Sociocultural knowledge and experience is very important to kidwatchers this is when they can go and observe and see how other children interact with each other. Theories show that language develops with the help of sociocultural practice. When they are practicing daily languages and literacy they are developing cultural knowledge. Over the years of the childhood they gain a range of social practices. Each child learns differently and it is important to the teachers to see how they learn so they can connect with them. Evaluation involves understanding and making sure children are understanding the use of literacy and language. The example above is a social-context approach. Language and identity are very important to kidwatchers. Understanding language and how that applies to children is very important to teachers. They have to be able to evaluate their students and see where they are lacking skills so they can teach them where they need
(Hartford, 2017) After the Deaf began to flourish by expanding their community in creating clubs, schools, and deaf safe zones where they could gather, in the 1860s Alexander Graham Bell started to spread the belief that those who can speak and hear are inherently superior. He wanted to wipe the U.S. clean of what he thought to be hereditary deafness, going as far as to strongly advocate against deaf intermarriage and removing Deaf faculty from schools. (Padden and Malzkuhn, 2007) Later in 1880, delegates met at the request of Bell to discuss deaf education. As a result, a resolution passed that encouraged spoken language, thus banning sign language in schools. This only ended in 1980 during the International Congress on Education of the Deaf when it was declared that deaf children had the right to use the mode of communication that met their needs and successfully overturned Congress’ 1880 ban. (Padden and Malzkuhn, 2007) Fortunately, it is now often allowed for deaf students to have access to an interpreter in a public hearing school. In younger grades especially though, it is hard to determine how much of the educational content can be understood and if an interpreter that lacks skill affects academic achievement.(Anita, 2013) The Deaf in the U.S. now receive better treatment than before but that does not mean they
In an inclusive environment deaf students are able to develop skills in communicating with those who can hear. This exposure can be powerful training for students as they prepare for communicating in the hearing world. By participating with general education students deaf can gain access to a wide range of resources that can help the student develop physically, socially, academically, and emotionally.
Lou, Mimi WheiPing. Language Learning and Deafness: The history of language use in the education of the Deaf in the United States. Ed. Michael Strong. Cambridge: Cambridge Universtiy Press, 1988. 77-96. Print.
The search for the most effective way to educate deaf students has long been filled with controversy, due to strong advocacy for conflicting approaches. The bilingual model of deaf education has been in place in many schools for the deaf for the past 20 years (Drasgow, 1998), and while many advocates of a strictly oral approach to deaf education discount its success, it is still a viable and appropriate option for deaf students with severe to profound hearing loss. In this paper I will describe historical perspectives around deaf education and discuss hearing loss and language acquisition for deaf children. I will provide justification for the continued use of the bilingual model against arguments in favour of a strictly oral approach. In addition, l will address challenges inherent to the bilingual model and conclude with suggested changes that may benefit deaf students’ language learning and literacy outcomes.
The aim of this essay is to explore language acquisition and compare and contrast different theories of language acquisition and language development. Language in its most basic form is used to communicate our needs and wants. It encompasses a range of modes of delivery including signing, spoken and written words, posture, eye contact, facial expressions and gestures. So how do we learn ‘language’? Are we born with the skills for communication, or is it something that we have to learn or have taught to us? Four theories are looked at in this essay to determine how children acquire and then develop language. These theories include behaviourist, nativist, cognitivist and sociocultural. This essay will highlight some similarities and differences in each theory and what impact these have on a child’s acquisition and development of language. Lastly we will look at the implications of these theories when working with children. Can a classroom teacher deliver a quality literacy program based on just one of these theories or does it need to incorporate components of all four? Sims, (2012) pp. 21 states ‘’High-quality learning experiences in the early years of life enhance children’s cognitive and language skills’’. This places a great responsibility on educators and teachers alike to provide an environment which is rich in learning opportunities that will encourage both the acquisition and development of language.
During the late 1800’s, Alexander Graham Bell, famous for his invention of the telephone, began a new movement for Education of the Deaf. A.G. Bell believed that Deaf students should be taught how to talk, not sign, like they had been since Gallaudet and Clerc came to America. He proved that the oral method, teaching Deaf kids to talk, was the best way by showing that they became successful, unlike the students who used sign language. He founded an oral school; soon there were oral schools all over the country. During this period of change, Deaf Teachers were rejected and there were only
Deaf education is tailored specifically to match the need of the deaf or Hard of Hearing student. Deaf or Hard of Hearing students are entitled to a quality education, at the same level of academics with equal curriculum requirements as any hearing student would receive (“Deaf Education”). When it comes to communication with the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, the most common method is sign language. Each Country and region has their own type of sign language (“Communication Modes”). A deaf child may be educated in one of the following methods, Bilingual communication, total communication or Oral communication.