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Social class in medieval times
Social classes middle ages
Social classes middle ages
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Education Before 1833
Education before 1833 did depend upon personal wealth along with other
factors, (fully explained later on.) Different classes of people
attended different types of schools, and the costs that the schools
charged would have a great impact on the types of people attending
them.
A governess would look after the wealthy children, and the boy's
governess would be replaced by a tutor, until they were old enough to
attend school. This tutor would teach Greek and Latin. But in order
for the boys to be taught mathematics, and French a 'visiting master'
must be hired. The girls, on the other hand, were taught
'accomplishments,' which included music, drawing and dancing. The
women's role was to be elegant and to entertain as a wife, not to be
educated and working outside of the home. This was where the education
stopped for the females; though, the upper class young boys went on to
attend a public school, such as the ones at Eton, Harrow and
Winchester, which taught classics, such as Latin and Greek, classical
History and sport. Though these schools were well known for bullying,
including fagging, strict corporal punishments and really bad
teaching. These types of schools were very inefficient, and many
parents knew these schools taught mainly 'manly habits,' such as
fighting and bullying.
There was a range of schools for middle class children depending on
the wealth of their families. Upper middle class children (still of
wealthy parentage) would attend a private school; these were for
mainly boys though some girls did attend these types of schools. The
boys would be taught Classics and Maths, and the girls would be taught
manners, singing, dancing, painting and embroidery. These were usually
boarding schools, though the same types of subjects were taught, these
would have been the cheaper of the two schools.
Another middle class school was the grammar schools, to attend these
schools you must have been followers of the Church of England, a
protestant, Christian. These schools were for only boys and taught
The English attitudes towards gender are reflected in the literacy works of Margery Kempe and Elizabeth I’s letter to Sir Walter Raleigh. Within these two works, the women, especially, challenge the attitudes towards gender roles. First of all, women were expected to be domesticated, meaning all their duties lied within the home and the marriage. The women were responsible for taking care of the children/family and being obedient to their husband.
The Antebellum period was a time of reform and improvement. After the War of 1812, America went through a period of westward expansion, patriotism and an economic emergence as a world power. Their new found power as a country inspired reformation. Abolitionists worked to end the institution of slavery through protests, rallies, and the formation of societies; women’s rights activists advocated in a similar way. Simultaneously, many Americans supported the government’s efforts to remove Native Americans from their own land. Americans during the Antebellum period were ambitious, but contradictory in their activism; while many activists fought for the rights of slaves and women, others sought to curtail rights of Native Americans.
Education did not form part of the life of women before the Revolutionary War and therefore, considered irrelevant. Women’s education did not extend beyond that of what they learned from their mothers growing up. This was especially true for underprivileged women who had only acquired skills pertaining to domesticity unlike elite white women during that time that in addition to having acquired domestic skills they learned to read a result becoming literate. However, once the Revolutionary War ended women as well as men recognized the great need for women to obtain a greater education. Nonetheless, their views in regards to this subject differed greatly in that while some women including men believed the sole purpose of educating women was in order to better fulfil their roles and duties as wives and mothers others believed the purpose of education for women was for them “to move beyond the household field.” The essays of Benjamin Rush and Judith Sargent Murray provide two different points of view with respects to the necessity for women to be well educated in post-revolutionary America.
"His work seemed to him thin, commonplace, feeble. At times he felt his own weakness so fatally that he could not go on; when he had nothing to say, he could not say it, and he found that he had very little to say at best" (Adams 39). Having been born into the upper class, Henry Adams graduated from high school and then for him, "the next regular step was Harvard" (Adams 32). Through Adam's essay, "The Education of Henry Adams", it is clear that the education he received at Harvard was plagued by his negative mindset that was triggered by his social status and the history of his surname. Adams failure to find his passion for education can be attributed to his lack of motivation, his nonexistent personal achievement, and his feelings of social superiority.
In the essay, “I Want a Wife” by Judy Brady, she uses hyperbole and a sarcastic writing style to emphasize the high expectations that men have for a wife. The writer expresses what she wants in a wife and then lists the many responsibilities within the paper. Although women have recently made great strides toward achieving professional and social equality, Brady uses hyperbole and parody to show how many men 's selfish and brutally unrealistic expectations of women 's roles still persist today.
The felicitous title of lady is one received while demonstrating both honor and responsibility. Yet, many women look upon this title as a birthright. Every title one has surely deserved, should be one earned by displaying it. In the Elizabethan period of English, most arguably the finest period for the English language, the title of lady was revered, as it should be now. Because of constant language inflation, the flippant use of the word lady is a direct result of the derestricton that occurred mostly during the early1900's. It was used to talk and describe the beautiful women of the time. These women wore raiment’s’ to shape and mold their bodies into the ultimate female figure. They were only seen at their best, and perfection was to be expected. Jobs for ladies consisted of solely of a “housewife” and society waif. Their men were their shields to the world, and their chivalry was idealized.
But in reality, a male narrator gives a certain sense of understanding to the male audience and society’s understand of the male and females roles and responsibilities in a marriage. Just as men were expected to cut the grass, take out the trash, pay the bills and maintain the household as a whole, women were expected to cook, clean, nurture the children, and be a loving and submissive wife to their husband. The only stipulation required for this exchange of power was to establish a mutual love. In the Victorian age love was all it took for a man to take or alter a woman’s livelihood and
Going back to her prologue, The Wife seems to be criticized for something different she does by each of her husband 's. She can easily be seen as violent, demanding, too controlling, too lustful, and many other qualities. The Wife argues that no matter what women do or don’t do, they will always be criticized, “Thou seyst that som folk desiren us for richesse,/ Somme for oure shape, comme for oure fairnesse/ And som for she kan synge and daunce/ And som for gentillesse and som for/ daliaunce,/ som for hir handes and hir armes smale” (lines 257-262). While she makes a great point, she interjects these opinion’s during her tale as well. Interrupting the flow of her story to display her opinions in this way can lose the audience 's focus of the true meaning of the story. The story itself does a great job of bringing the role femininity into play without The Wife’s interjections. In the beginning of the tale, right after the queen orders the knight to go on his quest she gives him some hints. “Somme seyde wommen loven bset richesse;/ Somme seyde honour, somme seyde jolynesse,/ Somme rich array. Somme seyden lust/ abedde/ And oftetyme to be wydwe and weedde” (lines 925-928). This shows that women want more than materialistic things, contrary to popular belief. While these things aren’t bad to have, it means nothing if they do not have the power over their significant
The female gender role in society has created a torturous fate for those who have failed in their role as a woman, whether as a mother, a daughter, or a wife. The restrictive nature of the role that society imposes on women causes extreme repercussions for those women who cannot fulfill their purpose as designated by society. These repercussions can be as common as being reprimanded or as severe as being berated or beaten by a husband or father. The role that women were given by society entails being a submissive homemaker who dotes on her husband and many children. The wife keeps the home impeccably neat, tends to the children and ensures their education and well-being, and acts obsequiously to do everything possible to please her husband. She must be cheerful and sweet and pretty, like a dainty little doll. The perfect woman in the eyes of society is exactly like a doll: she always smiles, always looks her best and has no feelings or opinions that she can truly call her own. She responds only to the demands of her husband and does not act or speak out of turn. A woman who speaks her mind or challenges the word of any man, especially her husband, is undesirable because she is not the obedient little doll that men cherish. Women who do not conform to the rules that society has set for them are downgraded to the only feature that differentiates them from men; their sex. Society’s women do not speak or think of sex unless their husband requires it of them. But when a woman fails to be the doll that a man desires, she is worth nothing more than a cheap sex object and she is disposed of by society.
- Women were seen as being domestic, pious, moral, pure, gentle, kind, graceful, simple and beautiful; this was according to the nature of separate spheres: men and women were fundamentally different in terms of their characteristics as men were seen as hard-working, industrial, rational, assertive, independent and proud; none of which is easily connected with nature
Probably no single movement so greatly affected colonial America as the Protestant Reformation. Most of the Europeans who came to America were Protestants, but there were many denominations. Lutherans from Germany and Scandinavia settled in the middle colonies along with Puritans and Presbyterians. The Reformation was centered upon efforts to capture the minds of men, therefore great emphasis was placed on the written word. Obviously schools were needed to promote the growth of each denomination. Luther’s doctrines made it necessary for boys and girls to learn to read the Scriptures. While the schools that the colonists established in the 17th century in the New England, southern and middle colonies differed from one another, each reflected a concept of schooling that had been left behind in Europe. Most poor children learned through apprenticeship and had no formal schooling at all. Those who did go to elementary school were taught reading, writing, arithmetic, and religion. Learning consisted of memorizing, which was stimulated by whipping. The first "basic textbook", the New England Primer, was America’s own contribution to education(Pulliam, Van Patten 86). Used from 1609 until the beginning of the 19th century, its purpose was to teach both religion and reading. The child learning the letter a, for example, also learned that "In Adam’s fall, We sinned all." As in Europe, then, schools in the colonies were strongly influenced by religion. This was particularly true of schools in the New England area, which had been settled by Puritans and other English religious dissenters. The school in colonial New England was not a pleasant place either, physically or psychologically. Great emphasis was placed on the shortness of life and the torments of hell. Like the Protestants of the Reformation, who established vernacular elementary schools in Germany in the 16th century, the Puritans sought to make education universal. They took the first steps toward government-supported universal education in the colonies.
At the start of the Victorian era, education was not considered important. Girls from wealthy families were taught at home and the rich boys had the opportunity to attend school to be educated. The poor children were not able to attend school due to financial problems. The novel Great Expectations particularly focuses on the education system during the Victorian era. It takes us back to the time period where education was not given enough attention. In Great Expectations, Charles Dickens applied education system to express his concerns. He did not accept the fact that people were taught based on certain consideration. “Now, what I want is Facts. Teach these boys and girls nothing but Facts. Facts alone are wanted in life. Plant nothing else, and root out everything else. You can only form the minds of reasoning animals upon Facts; nothing else will ever be of any service to them.” -Charles Dickens. This quote depicts that human being, as reasoning animals, must rely fundamentally on facts, so does new generation in particular since, as he believes, nothing else, could be as productive. This is expressed through Pip. Education spans pip’s life only around the years 1812-1841 but, we also see the society wanting to be educated. Therefore, in the novel Great expectations, Charles Dickens applied education system to express his concerns. He reflects on how education system was like during the Victorian era through the novel. People were educated based on certain considerations such as social class, gender, and financial situation in both the novel and during the Victorian Era
Many changes have been seen over the past 250 years. First, is the 17th century where there was Colonial Education. This education took place in a private setting and was only available to upper-class white males. Students had to memorize their lessons due to a shortage of supply for textbooks and paper. Most lessons for these students consisted of reading, writing, math, poem and prayer. When students got older, the schooling would start getting them ready to later enter into plantation life. Unfortunately, poor children at this time were not educated in literacy and religion. Also, there wasn’t much in teacher preparation. Due to the lack of success in other lines of work, people often became teachers. In the 18th century, more schools
Being married to a person with good etiquette was also very important. The women in high class level were slightly educated as they were taught Arithmetic, reading and writing. With this, the upper class women were seen a bit more important than the other women. This is because, the wealthy women were able to read and write and by this, and they were able to help their husbands in certain occasions such as reading the newspaper or writing notes for them. As Natalia, in “The Marriage Proposal”, seemed to be confident in arguing with Lomov about property, it showed how intelligent she was even though it was very rare in those days to see a woman throw words back and forth with a
womans prime role was as wife and mother and control of ones own body. Once