2. Methods
2.1 Participants
Twenty-six active young adults (14 males and 12 females) with no history of neurological or musculoskeletal abnormalities (within the last six months) that could affect balance participated in this study (Table 1). Ninety-six percent of subjects’ dynamic dominant leg was the right leg. All subjects gave informed written consent prior to data collection. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and the Ethical Committee of the University of Innsbruck, Austria.
Table 1 Characteristics of the subjects.
Data (mean and SD) Male (n = 15) Female (n = 15) p-value
Age [years] 25.8 (2.9) 24.6 (5.3)
Weight [kg] 77.5 (10. 8) 62.6 (4.9)
Height [m] 180.0 (7.2) 169.2 (4.3)
BMI [kg/m2]
Right dynamic dominant
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The dynamic dominant leg or preferred kicking leg was defined from which leg subjects preferred to select for kicking a ball with the feeling more accurately than another, while static dominant leg or preferred unipedal stance leg was defined from which leg subjects preferred to use for standing on one leg with the feeling more stable or comfortable than another (Huurnink, 2014). One trial of eighty second tested times was completed barefoot stance on normal ground with the hands on the hips in both legs. For the starting position, subjects were asked to flex hip and knee of their lifted leg at 20 and 45 degree, respectively, and placed their stance foot (the 2nd metatarsal bone) over a marker on the floor. Throughout the tested period, subjects were instructed to stand still, to focus on a target (red circle 10 cm in diameter against a white background) on the wall placed at the individual eye level approximately 5 meters away, and to avoid any voluntary movements such as scratching or turning the head. To assure position of the stance foot of each subject on the ground was the same position, the direction of the big toe was pointed to the direction of a red dot on the wall. After the end of each trial, subjects were allowed to seated rest at least for one minute break and up to three minutes depend on …show more content…
The data of a middle sixty second (from 10 s to 70 s) of each trial was selected to analyse in order to avoid the voluntary movement and acceleration period. There were five steps for analysing postural control movement via Principle Component Analysis (PCA) of kinematics data including 1) selection of markers, 2) normalization of posture vectors, 3) PCA, 4) kinematics in posture space, and 5) calculation of dependent variables.
Firstly, in selection of marker step, nine asymmetrical markers placed on upper arms, lower arms, right scapular, upper thighs and lower thighs were omitted for the analysis. If a trial of one leg standing was performed by the left foot, then the data were mirrored and relabeled such that all datasets for the PCA analysis had standing on the right foot (ref/Thomas….). The idea of using the PCA with kinematics data in this study is that each marker coordinates together quantifying the posture of the subjects at a giving time interpreted as a posture
Murray H, Husk L. (2001) Effect of kinesio taping on proprioception in the ankle. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 31; A-37.
2.The control group will rest for two minutes and the experimental group will exercise for two minutes. The experimental group will exercise by doing jumping jacks.
Imagining myself as a high school soccer coach, I would like to optimize my team’s kicking performance. Some players consistently kick the ball successfully with the correct use of power and accuracy. To ensure that all players are able to achieve the same optimal kicking habits, this paper will document (1) the effective and ineffective habits of kicking, (2) describe biomechanical based kicking assessments, (3) describe how these assessments will measure the effective aspects of kicking and expected findings, and (4) provide suggestions on how I may modify programming based on the insights gained from these assessments.
Kinesiology is a complimentary therapy used to identify and correct internal issues to relieve stress, allergies, and pain. Being described as a complimentary therapy, kinesiology is not meant to be a cure-all for the patient, but a secondary method of increasing positive results of the original therapy; this method however can be used as a primary or secondary form of therapy depending on the results for the patient and satisfaction with said results. During treatment the doctor tests 14 different areas of muscles balance, these major muscles and how they react are believed to uncover problems that need correction which cannot be found with any other testing (Rude Health).
..., M., Oort, F., & Sprangers, M. (2013). Significance, truth and proof of p values:
Collected data were subjected to analysis of variance using the SAS (9.1, SAS institute, 2004) statistical software package. Statistical assessments of differences between mean values were performed by the LSD test at P = 0.05.
Studies have shown taping an ankle can limit range of motion if done correctly.1, 5 Another study done by Reut...
Vasconcelos, O., Rodrigues, P., Barreiros, J. & Jacobsohn, L. (2009). Laterality, developmental coordination disorders and posture. In L. P. Rodrigues, L. Saraiva, J. Barreiros & O. Vasconcelos (Eds.) Estudos em desenvolvimento motor da criança II (pp.19-26). Escola Superior de Educação, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo.
Applied kinesiology is the scientific study of muscular movement, physical activities and the anatomy, physiology, and mechanics of the movement of body parts. Kinesiology was first created by the American/Italian chiropractor Anthony Gil in Milano, Italy. This relatively new study has many different branches of specialized studies. Many similar goals of kinesiology are to: restore normal nerve functions, have...
Athletes must accomplish amazing feats of balance and coordination of the body. As scientist, Mikhail Tsaytin discovered in the 1970s, acrobats can successfully make a two person human tower in the dark, but after adding a third acrobat, not even the most talented can maintain the balance required to keep the tower intact while in the dark (1). What does darkness have to do with it? The point is that balance relies on at least three signals coming from the body, and one of those is sight. Once you eliminate one of these signals, the body cannot accomplish the required task. In addition to sight, signals coming from muscles and joints, called proprioceptors are sensitive to changes in position. The third contributor to the human tower and the topic of discussion of this paper is the vestibular system. A three-person human tower in the dark must not have enough information coming from the vestibular and proprioceptive systems to function without vision, whereas the two-person tower did have enough information.
Kinesiology is the study of muscles, joints, and bones. Biomechanics is the study of the mechanics as it relates to the functional and anatomical analysis of biological systems. Kinesiology and biomechanics put together is the study of the body movements. Body movement is how we move around, play games, and do every day, ordinary things. The body movements must be classified, and the classification help decide treatment options, as well as, the diagnosis process.
The materials used: one wristwatch (with second hand), two variably indifferent humans (one male, one female), and a standard staircase at CCC. The method was simple: two test subjects were exposed to two trials involving one minute of physical activity and x minutes needed for the recovery of the heart rate. Before the experiment began, each subject's resting heart rate was taken. This would become the controlled variable. Next, each subject ran up one set of stairs at CCC, one stair at a time, for one minute. After one minute of activity, the subjects stopped and began taking his or her heart rate.
Recorded videos were used to analyze the movement patterns of the runners. The participants were an elite (male) and a novice runner (female). The elite runner used a standard track field while the novice used a treadmill in a standard gym. The result showed that the elite runner had a longer stride than the non-expert due to his long legs. The novice runner required less force to move her body than the elite runner. The expert had longer stride resulting in longer step length which made him move faster than the novice. As the feet of both participants touched the ground the expert had a higher ground reaction force than the non-expert. The elite had a higher cadence than the non-elite because his legs moved faster. During stance phase, they both have one foot on the ground and as their foot first hit the ground they both slow down. However, the novice was slower because the elite had a faster speed making him spend less time in the
The purpose of the squat is to train the muscles around the knees and hip joints, as well as to develop strength in the lower back, for execution of basic skills required in many sporting events and activities of daily living. Because a strong and stable knee is extremely important to an athlete or patient’s success, an understanding of knee biomechanics while performing the squat is helpful to therapists, trainers, and athletes alike (11). Because most activities of daily living require the coordinated contraction of several muscle groups at once, and squatting (a multi-joint movement) is one of the few strength training exercises that is able to effectively recruit multiple muscle groups in a single movement, squats are considered one of the most functional and efficient weight-bearing exercises whether an individual’s goals are sport specific or are for an increased quality of life
Founded by American anthropologist Ray Birdwhistell, his concepts debuted in his first publication on the subject titled Introduction to Kinesics: An annotation system for the analysis of body motion and gesture, where Birdwhistell explained several principles key to his theories. In what he describes as a “preliminary research manual”, he presents his theories “with the hope that it will stimulate research in this almost-neglected area of human interaction”. Neatly summarizing his observations in the text, Birdwhistell provides us with this summary of the principles guiding his