Are the Genes of Purple Eyes and Black Bodies are Linked in Drosophila? Introduction: In Drosophila (fruit flies) genes can be linked or non-linked. Linked genes are genes that are close together on the chromosome so they often appear in pairs. Non-linked genes are not close together and Mendel’s law of Independent Assortment states that each trait is equally likely to slow up. The purpose of this lab is to find out if the genes of purple eyes and black bodies are linked in Drosophila. Flies are good for this experiment because they display a number of different traits and they mate quickly. If the eye and body color genes are linked in Drosophila then the F2 generation will not have a 9:3:3:1 ratio because the genes are on the same chromosome and cannot independently assort when they are crossing over. Since linked genes often appear in pairs, it is likely that there will be many more flies that are wild-type for both genes or have purple eyes and a black body than a combination of these genes. If the eye and body color genes are not linked in Drosophila then the F2 generation would have a 9:3:3:1 ratio because the law of independent assortment states that each gene has an equal chance of occuring. …show more content…
The simulation will knock out the flies with a chemical called ether Click sort flies Click on each type of fly present and click “Use in new mating” Send data to the computer Return to lab Put new mating jar in the incubator Click on mating jar to view under a microscope. The simulation will knock out the flies with a chemical called ether Click sort flies Click send data to computer. Click yes to the question “Go to computer now?” Click analyze results Click ignore sex if gender differences appear to have no effect on the phenotypic ratio
Variation in selection pressures on the goldenrod gall fly and the competitive interactions of its natural enemies
In order to figure out the genes responsible, there are several other factors that must be determined. These factors include the number of genes involved, if each gene is x-linked or autosomal, if the mutant or wild-type allele for each is dominant, and if genes are linked or on different chromosomes. Proposed crosses include reciprocal crosses between the pure-breeding mutants of strains A and B with the wild-type will help determine if the genes or sex-linked or autosomal, in addition to which alleles are dominant (8). Another proposed cross includes complementation crosses between pure-breading mutants from strains A and B to determine if one or two genes are involved (8). Furthermore, testcrosses between F1 progeny and pure-breeding recessive mutants from strains A and B, which will help determine if genes are linked on the chromosome or if they assort independently (8). These proposed crosses are shown in the attached
Flies are about at all times and it is hard to concentrate. Also, some of
Thyroid and metabolism hormones play a large role in the daily lives of all living species. Thyroid hormones regulate the metabolism and the metabolism is responsible for maintaining a specific range for the biochemical reactions that occur in the body (Martini 2014). The most important hormone for metabolic maintenance is thyroxine (T4). This hormone also plays a large role in body heat regulation. It is produced by the pituitary gland and secreted by the thyroid gland. The thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) must trigger the thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH) to release thyroid hormones to the thyroid gland. These hormones are under control of the hypothalamus, or main neural control center. Propylthiouracil (PTU) is a medication used to treat
The purpose of our experiment was to test whether or not the Wisconsin Fast Plants, or Brassica rapa, followed the Mendelian genetics and its law of inheritance. First, after we crossed the heterozygous F1 generation, we created an F2 generation which we used to analyze. After analyzing our results, we conducted a chi-square test for for both the F1 and F2 generations to test their “goodness of fit”. For the F1 generation we calculated an x2 value of 6.97, which was greater than the value on the chi-square table at a p-value of 0.05 and 1 degree of freedom (6.97 > 3.84). This meant that we had to reject our hypothesis that stated there would be no difference between the observed and expected values. This showed us that the F1
The idea of the project was to experiment breeding Drosophila Melanogaster (fruit fly) to figure out if certain genes of that species were sex linked or not (autosomal). A mono-hybrid cross and di-hybrid cross was performed. For the mono-hybrid cross, white eyed female and red eyed male were placed in one vial for them to reproduce. For the di-hybrid cross, red eyed and normal winged flies and sepia eyed and vestigial winged flies were placed in their vial to reproduce. In the mono-hybrid cross the results expected were within a 1:1:1:1 ratio. Expected results similar to the expected desired null hypothesis proposed with what the F1 parental generation breeds. The potential results would have had to have been within the ratios of 9:3:3:1. The results were clear and allowed the null hypothesis to be correct. The white eyed gene in the fruit flies is sex linked. Sepia eyes and vestigial wings are not sex linked and are examples of independent assortment.
In this experiment, Mendelain Models are observed. The purpose of the experiment is to understand how traits are passed from one generation to the other as well as understanding the difference between sex linked and autosomal genes. One particular trait that is observed in this experiment is when a fly is lacking wings, also known as an apterous mutation. In this experiment, we will determine whether this mutation is carried on an autosomal chromosome or on a sex chromosome. The data for this experiment will be determined statistically with the aid of a chi-square. If the trait is autosomal, then it will be able to be passed to the next generation on an autosomal chromosome, meaning that there should be an equal amount of male and
The major topic of this experiment was to examine two different crosses between Drosophila fruit flies and to determine how many flies of each phenotype were produced. Phenotype refers to an individual’s appearance, where as genotype refers to an individual’s genes. The basic law of genetics that was examined in this lab was formulated by a man often times called the “father of genetics,” Gregor Mendel. He determined that individuals have two alternate forms of a gene, referred to as two alleles. An individual can me homozygous dominant (two dominant alleles, AA), homozygous recessive, (two recessive alleles, aa), or heterozygous (one dominant and one recessive allele, Aa). There were tow particular crosses that took place in this experiment. The first cross-performed was Ebony Bodies versus Vestigle Wings, where Long wings are dominant over short wings and normal bodies are dominant over black bodies. The other cross that was performed was White versus Wild where red eyes in fruit flies are dominant over white eyes.
Many factors can cause a population’s genetic structure to change. When a population’s genotype and allele frequencies change over time, the population is said to be evolving. The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Theory is used in population genetics to determine whether these factors act on a population and in turn, whether it is evolving or not. An experiment was conducted using the peppered moth PopGenLab software to test how disassortative mating affects a population of only black and brown moths. It was assumed that the white moth would be reintroduced to the population with a 75% increase of disassortative mating. The hypothesis was supported and it was determined that the white moth phenotype increased to about 21% over time with continued disassortative mating pattern.
The purpose of this experiment was to examine the cytoskeleton, its role in cellular shape and adhesion; as well as identify the molecules necessary for cytoskeleton function. There were two experiments preformed, one involving RAW cells and the second involving rabbit skeletal muscle cells. The first experiment required the RAW cells to be exposed to different concentrations of the drug cytochalasin D. This particular drug inhibits the polymerization actin, a protein microfilament involved in the cytoskeleton. It provides shape to cell and is involved in cell adhesion. After incubation of the experimental cultures they were examined for changes in cell structure in comparison to the control cells with no exposure to the drug. The latter experiment
Dr. Piper's experiments involve manipulating environmental and genetic cues on flies model to see how this changes their lifespan. Easier said, what Dr. Piper is doing is exposing the flies to a variety of differrent conditi...
The F2 generation of each F1 cross was anesthetized and scored until 100 flies were counted from each vial. All of the Drosophila was then disposed of in the fly morgue.
Then, in 1915, Haldane published the first inherited linkage research in vertebrates, establishing linkage between the pink-eyed dilution locus and the albino locus in the rabbit. In th...
The Cell, the fundamental structural unit of all living organisms. Some cells are complete organisms, such as the unicellular bacteria and protozoa, others, such as nerve, liver, and muscle cells, are specialized components of multicellular organisms. In another words, without cells we wouldn’t be able to live or function correctly. There are Animal Cells and Plant Cells. In Biology class the other day we studied the Animal Cell. We were split into groups of our own and we each picked a different animal cell slide to observe. My group chose the slide,'; Smeared Frog Blood ';.
When looking at the biological make up of male and females, there are both similar physical characteristics