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Research papers on polio
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Dr. Jonas Salk was an American medical researcher, physician, and virologist who developed the first safe and effective inactivated polio vaccine. Before this vaccine was created, polio vaccines usually contained live, weakened forms of the virus, but Salk developed a vaccine that contained an inactivated, dead form of polio, the first of its kind. Until the Salk vaccine was introduced on April 12, 1955, polio was considered the most frightening health problem in the United Sates. Just 3 years before the vaccine was released, almost 58,000 cases were reported, with 3,145 deaths and 21,269 paralyzed. Most of the victims were children, leaving them scarred for the rest of their lives, which, depending on how bad they were affected, wasn’t long. Because of this, scientist were frantic in finding a way to cure or at least prevent the disease, with massive support from Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the world’s most recognized victim. Thanks to Dr. Salk, the people of the U.S., and the world, could stop worrying, at least about something.
Jonas Edward Salk was born on October 28, 1914 in New York City. His parents were from Jewish immigrant families, and they never received a full education, but like most parents, they wanted better for their children, and were determined to see them succeed. When Salk was 13, he attended Townsend Harris High School, a public school for gifted children, where students had to learn a four-year curriculum in three years. As a result, most of the students who graduated, would have the grades to enroll in the City College of New York, known for being a highly competitive college. That is exactly what Salk did, entering CCNY when he was 15 and earning a Bachelor of Science degree in 1934. He then entered the Ne...
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... had lived a full life before dying of heart failure on June 23, 1995, at the ripe age of 80. He had developed a vaccine for polio, among other things. He was devoted to his project, especially after his daughter, a mother of five, revealed that she had polio. Even though the vaccine had problems, and a better, oral vaccine was created by Albert Sabin, Salk had earned his place in medical history with his ground-breaking research as the man who stopped polio.
Works Cited
Jonas Salk Biography. [Internet]. 2014. The biography.com website. Available from: http://www.biography.com/people/jonas-salk-9470147. Jonas Salk. [Internet]. 2014. The wikipedia.org website. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk. Jonas Salk Biography. [Internet]. 2014. The notablebiographies.com website. Available from:
http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ro-Sc/Salk-Jonas.html.
Michael Moscherosch was born on November 23rd, 1962, in Stuttgart Germany. He and his younger brother were born into a working class family, with his mother working as a full-time accountant and his father working as a car mechanic. The Moscherosch family stayed in Stuttgart for since its inception, the families ancestral roots stem as far back as the 1600s and stayed within Stuttgart and the villages surrounding the area. Michael as a child was described to be scholastic and performed well in his school. In Germany, instead of there being an elementary, middle, and high school, there is a primary school and then secondary schools prioritizing certain fields; some of these fields include engineering, trade schools, and “gymnasiums” which closely represent the structure of our American high schools. Upon completing his secondary school education, Michael began studying Chemistry at the University of Stuttgart, working at night during the week to fund his education.
At first polio was a troubling prospect when it first reared its ugly head in the United States of America. In a noble effort to be rid of polio, America as a whole was to adopt stringent sanitation measures. Everywhere, especially the home was to be spotless and clean in order to try and prevent the contraction of polio. This coupled with the view that America as a western nation seemed impervious to such a lowly disease tried to assuage American fear of the disease. Despite the measures commonly adopted throughout the myriad of cities and towns, polio still managed to spread around the country and wreak havoc taking thousands of lives. An outbreak that ravaged America claimed nearly 27,000 lives in a terrible reckoning before it finally subsided. This and several other troubling outbreaks
Researchers were unable to identify what caused Polio to spread. It seemed to be more common in cleaner environments, unlike other diseases. Polio was found more often in the middle class rather than the poor. One reason that the polio virus was so difficult to discover, was because it wasn’t a bacteria and because most microscopes couldn’t detect the microbial agent. Another problem that created difficulties for scientists, was that the researchers couldn’t discover how the virus got
Everyone always told Rudy that he could never attend Notre Dame, let alone play football for the Fighting Irish. Rudy was determined to fulfill his dream, and show everyone that he could do whatever he set his mind to. Rudy accomplished his goal of going to Notre Dame by going to a community college first, to raise his grade point average. During his time at Holy Cross Community College, Rudy discovered that he was dyslexic and worked hard to earn good grades despite having dyslexia. In the same sense as Rudy Ruettiger, I plan to achieve my goal of going to the University of Tampa, after completing an associate’s degree at Joliet Junior College.
Jonas Salk, a virologist at the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (NFIP), used inactivated viruses (virus particles grown in culture and then killed by a form of heat) to create a polio vaccine. Salk drew blood from about two million children, which the NFIP checked for immunization. Through the collection of many HeLa cells and trial and error, the polio vaccine was ready in a year.... ... middle of paper ... ...
The death rate was on the decline and life expectancy rose during this period. New medical developments were made with the federal funding of medical research in which penicillin and streptomycin were developed. These advancements in medicine have cured many bacterial infections and severe illnesses. Later, in 1952, Jonas Salk introduced a polio vaccine. There was a vast migratory pattern among many Americans during this time period.
The Polio Journals: Lessons from My Mother, by Anne K. Gross, is the heartbreaking and emotional version of one woman’s life as a polio survivor. Carol Greenfeld Rosenstiel, the author’s mother, contracted polio in 1927 at the young age of two. From then until her death from lung cancer in 1985, Carol Rosenstiel was a paraplegic, suffering paralysis below the waist. She did successfully marry, raise children, and enjoy a profession as a concert musician while confined to a wheelchair. She kept journals that Anne Gross used, after her mother’s death, to reminisce her mother’s life. She was encouraged by her courageous and pitiless efforts to attain recognition in the world of the non-disabled.
Piddock, Charles. "Winning the War on Polio." Current Health 2 10 2004: 25-7. ProQuest. Web. 17 Mar. 2014.
Vaccine safety is one of the most controversial topics in today’s public discourse. Everyone has heard of them, but few know why they are so encouraged. A vaccine contains a weak or dead version of a microbe. This creates a small scale invasion of the immune system, which activates cells to destroy the microbe. Once these cells have been made they are always there to provide protection. This protection is immunity, for those cells are then able to recognize any live version of the same microbe and attack it immediately. This can save lives but also be dangerous, vaccines carry many other components which can cause side effects. These could be simple adverse effects such as a small cold or, in the rare case,
(Jane C Finlay, Noni E MacDonald, 2001). Working with Vaccine -hesitant parents. Canadian Paediatric Society. Retrieved May 3, 2013, from http://www.cps.ca
Vaccines have been used to prevent diseases for centuries, and have saved countless lives of children and adults. The smallpox vaccine was invented as early as 1796, and since then the use of vaccines has continued to protect us from countless life threatening diseases such as polio, measles, and pertussis. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2010) assures that vaccines are extensively tested by scientist to make sure they are effective and safe, and must receive the approval of the Food and Drug Administration before being used. “Perhaps the greatest success story in public health is the reduction of infectious diseases due to the use of vaccines” (CDC, 2010). Routine immunization has eliminated smallpox from the globe and led to the near removal of wild polio virus. Vaccines have reduced some preventable infectious diseases to an all-time low, and now few people experience the devastating effects of measles, pertussis, and other illnesses.
Through the rise of technological advances in medicine, the vaccine has changed the world for the greater good of the human race. Making a great triumph and virtually eliminating an array of life-threatening diseases, from smallpox to diphtheria, thus adding approximately thirty years to many humans’ life spans. Although, a new complication has arisen, possibly linking neurological digression with this rise of new vaccines. Such a digression has forced parents to exempt their children from receiving vaccinations and brought forth mental anguish affecting the minds of many.
In Conclusion, Understanding Polio’s etiology, history and epidemiology, as well as proper treatments will assist in avoiding its return. Although polio has been known to substantially affect a wide population in a small amount of time, eradication of this disease may also be accomplished in a short period of time. Scientists and medical professionals continue to research this disease in order to better understand and maintain it for many years to come. There are still aspect of the disease people do not understand that may be vital for the future of a polio-free world.
Poliomyelitis, also known as Polio, is a highly contagious disease caused by a virus that attacks the nervous system. Most victims to this disease are younger than five years of age; they are more likely to get this disease than any other age group. Out of two hundred people infected with the polio disease one is most likely to result in paralysis. The Polio Virus has decreased greatly since the Polio Vaccine was developed. In 2010 a WHO (World Health Organization) pole reported only 1,352 cases worldwide. Since the Polio Vaccine was developed the U.S has not has a single Polio case since 1979.
In an experiment conducted with fluoride, 520 rats and mice were given the substance, and though it did not affect the mice, but it made the rats sick, and gave them cancer among other things. If a substance can have such widely varying results from a rat to a mouse, any animal to a human cannot be much different. Also, if penicillin were tested on guinea pigs, it would not be used today as it kills guinea pigs, aspirin kills cats, and morphine is a stimulant to cats goats and horses. Though it is thought that polio’s vaccine was discovered by experimentation through animals, this is not true. Dr. Albert Sabin, the developer of the oral vaccine to polio, stated that "paralytic polio could be dealt with only by preventing the irreversible destruction of the large number of motor nerve cells, and the work on prevention was delayed by an erroneous conception of the nature of the human disease based on misleading experimental models of the disease in monkeys."(PETA 1). Not only does animal experimentation have low scientific credibility, it causes great pain and discomfort to animals.