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Why race based medicine is started
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Important Information In Los Angeles during the summer of 1955, Doctor Foster had enough patients to secure admitting privileges at a hospital; however, it was not near Cedars Sinai or UCLA Medical Center. The hospital was near his office and was called Metropolitan Hospital (Wilkerson, 2010, p. 309). The majority of the patients were of color, but the hospital doctors were white, with the very few exceptions, Doctor Foster was one of them (Wilkerson, 2010, p. 309). Doctor Foster dreaded Mondays, because the white doctors would boast about their time in Las Vegas and at the casinos. Doctor Foster had a desire to go to Vegas. “He was born for Vegas” (Wilkerson, 2010, p. 309) and had the monetary means to go, but could not because Las Vegas …show more content…
was still segregated. As a result, Doctor Foster tried to avoid the doctors and escape from engaging in the conversation. Finally, he spoke up so they would not talk about the subject anymore with him. Doctor Foster told them, “You know colored people can’t go to the hotels there or the casinos. It’s a thorn in my side, so don’t ask me about that” (Wilkerson, 2010, p. 310). As time went on, Doctor Foster started to hear rumors about blacks protesting about the segregation in Las Vegas and how the city might open up (Wilkerson, 2010, p. 310). Doctor Foster spoke with his friends, Doctor Beale and Doctor Jackson, about the rumors. They advise him to get in contact with Jimmy Gay. He is a man who can get people of color into mainline hotels (Wilkerson, 2010, p. 311). Doctor Foster takes their advice and he gathers a party of thirteen. They were going to Vegas for the weekend and they were supposed to stay at the Riviera Hotel. When Doctor Foster and his party arrive at the hotel, he ran into another couple they had met one the train.
After speaking with the wife who told him to go to the front desk, “Robert understood instantly” (Wilkerson, 2010, p. 312). He had a horrible feeling, it was Phoenix all over again. Robert went up to the desk, like he had done in Phoenix, only this time he was slightly more assured based on his previous experiences and that he was now a Californian (Wilkerson, 2010, p. 312). The front desk told him that he could not find the reservation and made no suggestions or attempt for accommodations (Wilkerson, 2010, p. 313). Doctor Foster immediately called Jimmy, who told them instead to go to the Sands Hotel. When they arrived at the Sands Hotel, Robert was told that were not enough rooms for the party. Instead the Sands Hotel made arrangements for them at the Flamingo Capri. Jimmy Gay and his wife, took Robert and his party from night club to night club that Jimmy knew would accept them. Robert remembered the one night where he wore a “black mohair suit [that] he ordered specifically for the occasion from the tailor who dressed Sammy Davis Jr. and Frank Sinatra “(Wilkerson, 2010, p. 314). The humiliation from the doctors and the Riviera faded away. “He was finally in the world he belonged in” (Wilkerson, 2010, p. 314). Doctor Foster for once could not wait for Monday to …show more content…
come. The second section takes place in Los Angeles during the late 1950s.
At this point, Doctor Foster was making a name for himself. Those back in Monroe started to notice and started to show up (Wilkerson, 2010, p. 327). One instance was when Jimmy Marshall’s mother came as a patient. She was not used to him being a doctor nor calling him Robert (Wilkerson, 2010, p. 327). During her first appointment she stated “How dare you tell me to take my clothes off!” (Wilkerson, 2010, p. 327). His reputation did not only extend to those back in Monroe, but with other doctors and charge nurses as a result he got admitting privileges to several hospitals (Wilkerson, 2010, p. 328). Patients would flock to Doctor Foster and would wait to be seen by him. Doctor Foster was also a compassionate and dedicated doctor with remarkable bedside manner. Doctor Foster was given the name “The Jitterbug Doctor” (Wilkerson, 2010, p. 329). One of his patients was Della Bea. She was pleased with her treatment and wanted to bring her husband. Her husband was Ray Charles (Wilkerson, 2010, p. 330). Doctor Foster wanted to buy a home for Alice and the girls. He found a home on an exclusive block. The two court rulings: Shelley v. Kraemer and Barrows v. Jackson “struck down restrictive covenants” (Wilkerson, 2010, p. 330). The family moved in on Palm Sunday 1956 and they welcomed a new baby girl named Joy in December of 1955 (Wilkerson, 2010, p.
331). Curiosities/ Connection After reading Doctor Foster’s first section, pages 309 to 314, I wondered what the Doctors reaction would be that following Monday. I also wonder what else Doctor Foster had done while in Vegas. As well as other thoughts or feelings he experienced while in Vegas. This was one of my favorite sections, because I have a personal connection to Las Vegas in that era. After World War II my great uncle Stanley worked in the casinos. One in particular was the Las Vegas Country Club. He was a card dealer in the back for the celebrities such as the Rat Pack, Don Rickle, and if I remember Gene Kelly. I am an old soul and as a result I always wonder what it was like to experience Las Vegas during that time period. Classic Hollywood and Las Vegas always intrigued me. Regarding the second section, I wonder what residential experiences Robert and his family will have. I wonder if his relationship with his family will improve now that he is financially secure in his job. Situational Competencies Situational competencies in these sections include setting, hotels and people. On page 309, Cedars Sinai is non-profit hospital in Los Angeles founded in 1902 (Cedars Sinai, 2016). The hospital is located on Beverly Blvd in Los Angeles, California. The UCLA Medical Center is coined “the best in the west” (UCLA Healthcare, 2005). During the 1950s the center’s accomplishments include in 1956, “UCLA surgeons perform the first open-heart surgery in the western United States” (UCLA Healthcare, 2005). Also in 1958,”UCLA researchers develop the first techniques for fetal monitoring” (UCLA Healthcare, 2005). The hospital Doctor Foster works in is the Metropolitan Hospital, which is located on Twenty first and Hoover Street. Palm Springs, is a city in the Sonoran Desert of southern California. The section mentions Jimmy Gay was from Fordyce Arkansas, which is located in the south part of the state. The section mentions how Las Vegas was still segregated. By 1955 there were 15,000 African Americans in the city and they were forced to live in the “Westside” (African Americans in Las Vegas). In the Westside, there was no running water, working sewage lines, or paved streets (African Americans in Las Vegas). African Americans had limited access to city’s entertainment. “Resort casinos barred African Americans from gambling, attending shows and staying in their establishments” (African Americans in Las Vegas). In May of 1955, the first integrated resort opened up. The Resort was called the Moulin Rouge Hotel-Casino (African Americans in Las Vegas). In December of 1955, the Moulin Rouge declared bankruptcy however, it was the bridge to full integration (African Americans in Las Vegas). In Las Vegas, they mention several different hotels. The first hotel is Caesars, on page 309. The hotel is officially called Caesars Palace. Caesars palace is a hotel and casino in Las Vegas. The sections also mentions the Hotel Riviera, which is officially closed now. The hotel was located on the Las Vegas Strip. It opened in April of 1955 and closed down in May of 2015. The Hotel Sands operated from 1952 to 1996 and was located on the Las Vegas Strip. Supposedly the casino was built with mob money. Now the Venetian Resort is built on the site (Moe, Vegas Casino History The Sands Hotel). Lastly, the Flamingo Capri is now called the Linq and is located on the Las Vegas Strip across from Caesars Palace. The Flamingo was built in 1946 (Moe, Vegas Casino History-Flamingo Hotel). The first section lastly mentions different famous people. Nat King Cole was a singer (March 17, 1919 – February 15, 1965). He was a leading jazz pianist. Nat King Cole was the first African American to host a show called the Nat King Cole Show. The Rat Pack was a musical group of actors. Which included Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Sammy Davis Jr., Peter Lawford, Joey Bishop and Humphrey Bogart until his death in 1957. Lastly, Liberace is a pianist. In the second section, Ray Charles was a famous singer, songwriter and musician. He pioneered soul music. He was blind from the age of seven. There are two court cases that were mentioned in the second section. The first case was Shelley v. Kraemer. In 1945, the Shelley’s were a black family who bought a home in a neighborhood. In 1911, 30 of the 39 parcel owners had signed a restrictive covenant. The neighborhood filed a lawsuit to undo the sale of the property. The Supreme Court ruled that courts could not enforce restrictive covenants (Shelley v. Kraemer). In the Barrows v. Jackson case, which took place in the year 153, “Petitioners sued respondent in a California state court to recover damages for an alleged breach of a racial restrictive covenant” (Barrows v Jackson). The verdict was in favor of the defendant in view of the holding in Shelley v. Kraemer” (Barrows v Jackson). Lastly, the second section contains numerous locations. Doctor Foster’s office is in West Jefferson which is south west of Los Angeles. The neighborhood West Adams is now a historic neighborhood and oldest neighborhoods in the south Los Angeles. Pico is a major street that runs from the Pacific Ocean in Santa Monica to Central Avenue in Los Angeles. Wilshire is North West of Los Angeles. Crenshaw is in the south west district of Los Angeles. Glendale is located near the Angeles National Forest, which is north east of Hollywood. The Canoga Park is in the San Fernando Valley which is located slightly north of Beverly Hills. Hawthorne is a city in southwestern Los Angeles. South Gate is seven miles southeast of downtown Los Angeles. Culver City is south of Beverly Hills and east of Santa Monica. Lastly, Leimert Park is in the south region of Los Angeles built in the 1920s.
Henrietta Lacks, birthed Loretta Pleasant, was born on August 1, 1920 to poor African- American parents. Although she was native of Roanoke, Virginia, Henrietta spent the majority of her childhood in Clover, Virginia on the tobacco field with her grandfather and a host of cousins. As a result of the excessive “quality” time with her cousins Henrietta became attached to one in particular, David “Day” Lacks. He later fathered her first child. At the age of fourteen Henrietta conceived her first child, Lawrence Lacks. Unlike White mothers who birthed their children in hospitals; Henrietta birthed her child in her grandfather’s home-house, a four room cabin previously used as slave quarters. While White patients were certain to receive the upmost patient ca...
Even in the medical field, male doctors were dominate to the hundreds of well educated midwives. “Male physicians are easily identified in town records and even in Martha’s diary, by the title “Doctor.” No local woman can be discovered that way” (Ulrich, 1990, pg.61). Martha was a part of this demoralized group of laborers. Unfortunately for her, “in twentieth-century terms, the ability to prescribe and dispense medicine made Martha a physician, while practical knowledge of gargles, bandages, poultices and clisters, as well as willingness to give extended care, defined her as a nurse” (Ulrich, 1990, pg.58). In her diary she even portrays doctors, not midwives, as inconsequential in a few medical
.... “The Strange Case of Marlise Munoz and John Peter Smith Hospital.” n.p.. 28 Jan. 2014. Web. 08 Feb. 2014.
Alton Crawford Brown was born in Los Angeles on July 30th, 1962. His parents were from a rural town in Georgia, Sir Alton Brown and his wife moved with their son, when he was 7, back to their home town. This is where Alton spent the rest of his days growing up. During his young age he spend a lot of time in the kitchen with his mother and grandmother learning to cook. Alton had a rough childhood at one point in time, his father committed suicide and later on his mother got remarried. While researching Alton Brown they don’t really say much about his childhood, they mainly focus on his college years and beyond into adulthood. Although through learning about his childhood you can find out that cooking was never his dream, Alton as a child dreamed
The hospital release forms illustrate the white man’s way of making the narrator less than human by depriving him of his work at the company; the doctor will not let him work:
Lax, Eric. "On the Medical Front; Bleeding Blue and Gray Civil War Surgery and the Evolution
11) Washington, Harriet A. Medical apartheid: The dark history of medica experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present. Random House LLC, 2006.
Jamison describes another medical figure in her life that she referred to as Dr. M. Dr. M was Jamison’s primary cardiologist, a figure who is involved in some of the most intimate details of Jamison’s life. However, Jamison describes Dr. M by saying she, “…wasn’t personal at all” (14). Dr. M would actually record personal information about Jamison on a tape recorder, however, Jamison would hear Dr. M referring to her as “patient” instead of by her name. This example demonstrates that Dr. M was indeed putting in the minimal effort needed to keep her clients, however, no additional effort was put into the process of learning about her patients. Jamison says that, “…the methods of her mechanics [were] palpable between us…” (18). Dr. M would not even put any effort into disguising her lack of interest of getting to know Jamison. This atmosphere of apathy that is exuded by Dr. M naturally causes Jamison to retract from Dr. M, which creates an environment that is not good for cultivating
Throughout American history, relationships between racial and ethnic groups have been marked by antagonism, inequality, and violence. In today’s complex and fast-paced society, historians, social theorists and anthropologists have been known to devote significant amounts of time examining and interrogating not only the interior climate of the institutions that shape human behavior and personalities, but also relations between race and culture. It is difficult to tolerate the notion; America has won its victory over racism. Even though many maintain America is a “color blind nation,” racism and racial conflict remain to be prevalent in the social fabric of American institutions. As a result, one may question if issues and challenges regarding the continuity of institutional racism still exist in America today. If socialization in America is the process by which people of various ethnicities and cultures intertwine, it is vital for one to understand how the race relations shape and influence personalities regarding the perceptions of various groups. Heartbreaking as it is, racism takes a detour in acceptance of its blind side. Further, to better understand racism one must take into account how deeply it entrenched it is, not only in politics, and economics but also Health Care settings. In doing so, one will grasp a decisive understanding of "who gets what and why.” The objective of this paper is to explore and examine the pervasiveness of racism in the health care industry, while at the same time shed light on a specific area of social relations that has remained a silence in the health care setting. The turpitude feeling of ongoing silence has masked the treatment black patients have received from white health care providers...
The medical profession’s godlike attitude in “The Yellow Wallpaper” demonstrates this arrogance. The Rest cure that Dr. Weir Mitchell prescribed, which is mentioned in Gilman’s work, reflects men’s disparaging attitudes. His Rest cure calls for complete rest, coerced feeding and isolation. Mitchell, a neurosurgeon specializing in women’s nervous ailments, expounded upon his belief for women’s nervous conditions when he said,
Now under the title of “No Mercy Hospital,” fitting for the outcome of the original conflict, this institution left isolated itself from its surroundings, cutting itself off from african american patients until 1931 when, as Morrison describes, “the first colored expectant mother was [finally] allowed to give birth inside its wards and not on its steps.” Before this unexpected day, african americans were not granted the right to enter the halls of the hospital. Even the first african american doctor, who “had been dead a long time by 1931,” “had never been granted hospital privileges and only two of his patients were ever admitted to Mercy, both white.” As he worked with little assistance and acceptance, this doctor was even restricted helping his fellow man, forced to ignore family, friends, neighbors and anyone who had the same skin color as he did. Not only was the street a mark of contempt for the average african american man, woman and child, the hospital and its employees was shackled to this sadness and this imprint of bigotry. While this window to the home of Macon Dead that Morrison builds in this first chapter is short, within its two pages, it is able to shine and reveal the prejudice that has developed in the area, the victory of the caucasian americans and the defeat of the african
John cleared his throat and continued, “At 10:55 Supervisor Harvey Milk and Mayor George Moscone were assassinated,” A unanimous gasp rose among all the men. Pure shock, that’s the only emotion I felt at hearing this devastating news. I had followed Harvey Milk’s career since he had been elected roughly a year earlier. Harvey Milk being the first openly gay man elected to public office had made tremendous leaps for the gay community. “I’m giving you all the rest of the day off to call your families and tell them you love them. In times like this it’s important to remember and cherish the things that we do have,” Everyone dispersed, gathered their things and began to file out of the door. I stayed where I was too stunned to move. Soon John and I were the only people left in the
For many African-Americans, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study has affected their daily life when it comes to health care. With the amount of sadness that surrounds the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, it is hard to believe that so many are unaware it existed. Problems such as broken medical ethics, severely affected health of African Americans, and a change in the way African Americans view medicine arose because of this
...: Race, culture, and gender in clinical practice (2nd Ed.). New York, NY: Guildford Press.
When society thinks of healthcare, there are many racial disparities within healthcare, especially in treatment. How being a person of color in the United States can be difficult when it comes to accessing health care, especially in the hospital. In the United States, there seems to be a separation between physicians and patient, which contributes to the disparities in quality of healthcare. The hospital is a place where people should feel equally treated. The hospital is also a place where can be refused medical attention due to their socioeconomic status, race and gender. A patient needs to have confidence in the capability of their physician, so that they can be able to confide in him or her. When a person goes to the hospital to have