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Chapter 2 management information systems
Management information systems
Chapter 2 management information systems
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Does Lincoln follow a hierarchical or decentralized approach to management?
Lincoln Electric, Inc. follows a decentralized approach to management. At foremost a decentralized approach to management according to Daft, “culture, values, traditions, shared beliefs, and trust are used to foster organizational goals” (Daft, 2012, pg.553). This approach emphases a unifying goal which is shared and is worked upon in a unifying effort for success by every member of the organization. Decentralization control management prides itself in workers autonomy and high performance work systems in respect to performance standard. Workers autonomy from the perspective of managers may be defined as, “interpersonal styles where managers take the perspectives of subordinates into account, present reasons for the decisions taken, behaviors requested, and originate opportunities for choice and self-initiation” (Baard, Deci, & Ryan, 2004, pg. 651). Thus, workers are able to utilize their skill as it pertains to specialization with little monitoring; however, this type of freedom is not counterproductive toward organizational goals, but more so geared toward high performance work. High performance work system can be considered as, “systems of human resource practices designed to enhance employees skill, commitment, and productivity in ways that employees become a source of competitive advantage” (Datta, Guthrie, & Wright, 2005, p. 135).
A candid example of this system is the Lincoln Management Control System itself, “where every employee is allowed to input his or her values towards, organizational management, employee fairness, and quality production output” (Daft, 2012, pg. 566). According to Bandura, “initial self-efficacy fluctuates as a functio...
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...trategy as a failure upon foreign soil, however, they should have contemplated introducing and new system in a foreign country. Operation on foreign soil is great for the expansion of business, foreign nationals, and the foreign economy, but not at the expense of the organization to lose its worth.
Works Cited
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Bandura, A. 1997. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control, New York, NY: Freeman.
Daft, L. R. (2012). Management. Managing change. Mason, OH: South
Western Cengage Learning.
Datta, D., Guthrie, J., & Wright, P. (2005). Human resource management and labor productivity:
Does industry matter? Academy of Management Journal, 48(1), 135–145.
...ategic positioning is its incentive management system, which is what differentiated the company from its competitors. Lincoln Electric had excellent labor relations where an “open door policy” was implemented between executives and employees. Under Lincoln’s incentive system, the workers were rewarded for their productivity. The employees’ earnings and promotions were determined in direct proportion to their individual compensation towards the company’s success. This served as an effective system that motivated workers to be more efficient and increase the productivity of high quality products with reduction to costs. Lincoln Electric’s strength in being a player in the manufacturing industry is building high quality products at a lower cost than their competitors. The company follows a low-cost strategy that is supported through their incentive management system.
Lincoln Electrics management style in their culture makes it so that every employee has a way to improve the company by making suggestions to management, from there, management will assess the idea and employees are rewarded for suggestions they make. Management also gives their employees more responsibility. The companies management incentive plan allows workers to be paid with what is earned and reflects their work; their earnings must be in accordance with accomplishments and there must be honesty and understanding between workers and management.
The company motivates employees by providing “reward” and “engagement”. Reward is evaluating the employees properly and giving reasonable salary, and are divided into three parts:
Once stated by Dwight D. Eisenhower, “Motivation is the art of getting people to do what you want them to do because they want to do it.” The aforementioned ideology places an emphasis on an individual’s internal desires, rather than an outside/external force driving the individual’s consciousness (cognitive evaluation.) Therefore intrinsic motivation is one in which an individual 's own desire comes from within; a relentless and genuine passion for an intended goal. On the contrary, when an individual relies on external factors such as, a reward or any other form of external reinforcement, an extrinsic motivation is exhibited. Although society likes to stress the importance in pursuing an internal motivation, in today 's modern world, an extrinsic factor far outweighs an internal desire to accomplish an objective. As humans, we are too diverse in the way we think and develop, lending the mere classification of an internal motivation to become redundant. Furthermore, as
One of the biggest influences of the founders of Lincoln Electric is from James Lincoln, who created a board of advisors from the pool of employees to advise him (Sharplin, 1989). The board met every two weeks when it was first started, and it still meets today, nearly two hundred years after the company began. This board of advisors is made up of active employees in the company, and they are free to raise suggestions, criticism, or any topics of interest that the employees want the company to address. This level of honesty and openness is a rare quality, and this ability for employees to directly speak with their supervisors and discuss new ideas is probably one of the reasons why employees are so pleased.
“Intrinsic motivation is linked to the innate propensity of human beings to explore the environment, to shape their abilities, and to conquer optimal challenges” (Güntert, S., 2015, p. 75). A person with intrinsic motivation will work and perform for their personal feeling of satisfaction that comes along with accomplishing a task. The prospect of a reward for their work is not the motivation for this person’s accomplishments.
In the 1940s Abraham Maslow created his famous theory of needs and set the groundwork for David McClelland who in 1961 launched his book, “The Achieving Society” (Mind Tools, n.d.). McClelland’s Acquired Needs Theory explores the thought that “needs are acquired throughout life…needs are not innate, but are learned or developed as a result of one’s life experiences” (Buchbinder & Shanks, 2007, p.27). In this theory are three types of needs: need for achievement-desire for success, mastering tasks, and attaining goals; need for affiliation-desire for relationships and associations with others; and need for power-desire for responsibility, control, and authority (Buchbinder & Shanks, 2007). Therefore, management, hospitals, and organizations must determine what the needs of their employees are in order to properly motivate
The Company observes the practice of decentralization where the responsibility and authority in all decision-making for the divisions’ operations lie in its respective division managers, except those relating to overall company policy.
Veronneau, M. H., Koestner, R. F., & Abela, J. R. (2005). Intrinsic need satisfaction and well-
Each plant comprises a number of small; multi-skilled; flexible; collaborative and self-managed teams instead of functional departments with specialised functions (e.g. legal, finance or human resources etc as in a conventional system). These teams have the decision-making power over all plant-specific business functions including capital allocation, expenditures, strategic planning and plant design. This bottom-up decision making process emphasises the trust the company places in its employees and is very effective in decentralizing the power base, consequently, involving every employee in being responsible for the performance of the company not just the CEO.
Kraut makes a few modifications to this basic idea of Desire Satisfaction Theory in order to gi...
Locke, Edwin A. (1997). Self-efficacy: the exercise of control. Personnel Psychology, 50 (3), 801-804. Retrieved May 2, 2011, from ProQuest Psychology Journals. (Document
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum
Clear lines of responsibility and control functions are clear. Disadvantage of hierarchical Too many layers in the group, it is difficult and time consuming to communicate between employees. Decision making are not quick enough to react to the market. A role culture is adopted in Rolls Royce Group. ... ...
Employee empowerment can be described as giving employees' accountability and ability to make choices about their work without managerial authorization. Good managers are expected to assist employees to improve job success by supporting, training, leading and giving advice. Employee empowerment can increase employees' motivation, job satisfaction, and loyalty to their companies. The power that managers comprise should now be shared with employees with confidence, assertion, inspiration, and support. Work decisions and the ability to control an individual’s amount of work are now being relied upon at lower-level management positions (Fragoso, 1999). Groups of empowered employees with little or no supervision are now being formed and these groups are being called self-managed teams. These groups can now solve work problems, make choices on schedules and operations, learn to do other employees’ jobs, and are held accountable for the quality of their finished products.