DO TYPES OF SHOES IMPROVE ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE?
Physics
Jebadiah Grover
Carrie Weikel
Period 4
February 9, 2015
ABSTRACT
The problem is do shoes improve athletic performance? To test this problem I will do two different athletic performances with three different types of shoes. The shoes tested are basketball shoes, rubber boots, and Nike sandals. I will run 40 yards with the each of the three shoes and record my finishing times. Then, I will test my vertical jump with each of the three shoes on and record the height of my jump. During my experiments I found that the basketball shoes were the best out of the three shoes I tested. The rubber boots and the Nike sandals tied for second. The rubber boots had a better 40 yard time than the Nike sandals but the
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Nike sandals had a better vertical jump than the rubber boots. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract I Problem III Hypothesis III Acknowledgements III Purpose IV History and Background IV Scope IV Importance of Project V Procedures VI Data VIII Results X Conclusion XI Bibliography XII Appendix A: Definition of Terms XIII Appendix B: Checklist for Adult Sponsor XIV Appendix C: Student Checklist XV Appendix D: Approval Form XVI PROBLEM How does the type of shoe affect athletic performance? HYPOTHESIS I think that the basketball shoes will improve athletic performance by a significant margin. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks to my sister for being the partner that I needed in order to do my experiment. INTRODUCTION PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT The purpose of my project is to see if types of shoes enhance athletic performance. I selected this idea because I enjoy sports and want to succeed in them. As an athlete I look for shoes that will best improve my performance. HISTORY AND BACKGROUND Shoes have been around for over 15,000 years (History of Footwear, ¶ 1). Spanish cave drawings have shown humans wearing animals skins and furs around their feet (¶ 1). Today we still wear sandals, which are the oldest form of foot covering known to man (¶ 2). Moccassins can still be bought and worn in the form of loafers (¶ 2). Many of the shoes people wear today can be traced back to a different era (¶ 2). The first spiked shoe was produced in the 1890’s by a British shoe company called Reebok (Woodpecker, ¶ 11). The shoe was made out of necessity to increase the speed of a runner. (¶ 11). In 1925 a company called Adidas started to make shoes with hand forged spikes (¶ 12). In the 1970’s scientists discovered that there were three different types of running styles (¶ 13). Those styles are called Neutral, Pronation, and Supination. Ever since these improvements to athletic shoes, shoes have become more specialized and expensive (¶ 19). Today shoes are still improving. Shoes are more elastic giving athletes a better spring to their step (The Olympic Games-Design Technology, ¶ 4). They have become lighter making athletes faster (Athletic Footwear, ¶ 4). Better traction has been added to shoes for better acceleration and control (Lim, ¶ 4). Many shoe companies have found that some cleat placements have better traction than others (¶ 7). Some materials are more lightweight or have more traction (¶ 1). SCOPE Limitations: population, resources. Controlled Variables: distance, athletic activity, and environment. Independent Variable: Types of shoes used. Dependent Variable: Time of sprint,height of jump. The types of shoes used will be measured by the time of 40 yard sprint and height of vertical jump. The data I will receive from these experiments will show me what shoes are best for athletic activity. The distance I will run, the athletic activity, and the environment I perform these activities will not change for each shoe. IMPORTANCE OF THE PROJECT The importance of my project is to find out how different type of shoes improve athletic performance. Shoe manufacturers have also done experiments with types of shoes to improve their quality of shoes. Studies like these will improve shoes and athletes wearing those shoes. I used a variety of shoes and activities. PROCEDURES MATERIALS: 3 different types of shoes (all the same shoe sizes-11-Nike athletic slide sandals, Nike Hyperdunk basketball shoes, Real Tree, rubber, knee high, waterproof boots) stopwatch tape measure paper and a writing utensil partner tape sticks SETUP AND EXPERIMENT METHOD Mark off a distance of 40 yards from your starting distance to your ending distance. Using sticks as markers. Measure the distance with the tape measure. Run 40 yards with sandals and time yourself by your partner using a stopwatch. Record your time in seconds and milliseconds with the paper and writing utensil. Repeat three times and average the times. Run 40 yards with basketball shoes and time yourself by your partner using a stopwatch. Record your time in seconds and milliseconds with the paper and writing utensil. Repeat three times and average the times. Run 40 yards with boots and time yourself by your partner using a stopwatch. Record your time in seconds and milliseconds with the paper and writing utensil. Repeat three times and average the times. Stretch up as high as you can on your “tippy-toes” (wearing the sandals) vertically against a wall. Have your partner mark where the highest point of your hand is with the writing utensil on the wall. Put a piece of tape on your finger and jump as high as you can with the sandals on. While jumping, place the tape on the wall at your highest point. Repeat as many times as needed for accurate results. Measure the distance from the mark on the wall (from the writing utensil) to the piece of tape on the wall with the tape measure, in inches. Record the distance with the paper and writing utensil. Stretch up as high as you can on your “tippy-toes” (wearing the basketball shoes) vertically against a wall. Have your partner mark where the highest point of your hand is with the writing utensil on the wall. Put a piece of tape on your finger and jump as high as you can with the basketball shoes on. While jumping, place the tape on the wall at your highest point. Repeat this as many times as needed for accurate results. Measure the distance from the mark on the wall (from the writing utensil) to the piece of tape on the wall with the tape measure, in inches. Record the distance with the paper and writing utensil. Stretch up as high as you can on your “tippy-toes” (wearing the boots) vertically against a wall. Have your partner mark where the highest point of your hand is with the writing utensil on the wall. Put a piece of tape on your finger and jump as high as you can with the boots on. While jumping, place the tape in the wall at your highest point. Repeat this as many times as needed for accurate results. Measure that distance from the mark on the wall (from the writing utensil) to the piece of tape on the wall with the tape measure, in inches. Record the distance with the paper and writing utensil. DATA Trials Time (s) Height (in.) Basketball Shoes Rubber Boots Nike Sandals Basketball Shoes Rubber Boots Nike Sandals 1 5.69 6.55 7.36 21 16.5 17.25 2 5.60 6.60 7.80 3 5.60 6.14 7.83 Average 5.63 6.43 7.66 21 16.5 17.25 The times it took to run 40 yards and the height of the vertical jump for each shoe type. The average of the times it took to run 40 yards for each shoe is above in the graph. The height of jump for each shoe is above in the graph.
RESULTS
When the basketball shoes were used to run the 40 yards the times were 5.69, 5.69, and 5.60 seconds. The average of these times were 5.63 seconds. The times of the rubber boots were a little longer than those of the basketball shoes. 6.55, 6.60, and 6.14 seconds were the times when using the rubber boots. The average of those times was 6.43 seconds. The Nike sandals had the slowest time of all. The average time was 7.66 seconds. With respect to the times of 7.36, 7.80, and 7.83 seconds.
During the next part of my experiment, I tested which of the three shoes were best to use when jumping. The basketball shoes had the best results with a 21 inch vertical jump when worn. Next, was the Nike Sandals. The vertical jump for that was 17.25 inches when worn. The shoe with the lowest vertical jump was the rubber boots with 16.5 inches.
The running activity and the jumping activity had two different results. For the running activity the basketball shoes were the fastest. Then the rubber boots and finally the Nike sandals. For the jumping activity the basketball shoes had the best results again. Followed by the Nike sandals and last was the rubber
boots.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, basketball shoes were the best shoes of the three I tested to run and jump. The Nike sandals were better for jumping than the boots. I think that is because they are lighter. The boots were better for running. I believe that is because the boots have better traction than the sandals. I find it interesting that the basketball shoes are heavier than the sandals but the basketball shoes had a better vertical jump than the sandals. Also, I found it interesting that the sandals were the lightest of the three shoes, but they were last in the running activity. My predictions were slightly inaccurate. I thought the shoes would have a greater difference in performance than what they did. The basketball shoes in the running activity only had a 0.80 second difference from the rubber boots and a 1.03 second difference from the Nike sandals. In the jumping activity the basketball shoes only had a 3.75” difference from the rubber boots and a 4.50” difference from the rubber boots. I thought the difference in results would be a greater margin.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
“Athletic Footwear.” sportsmed.co.nz. n.d. updated. 4th November 2014 accessed.
The most significant information found in the post-experiment research is the information found in Caruso’s research that accounts for the swing of the arms when jumping vertically. Caruso’s experiment shows how male and female volleyball players display different vertical jump heights with the men’s being higher. She accounts for this by saying the swing of the arms results in the men being able to jump higher due to their greater upper body strength.
"Nike." Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition 1. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed November 6, 2009).
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