Impact of roads infrastructure on Poverty and economic growth Physical isolation is a strong contributor to poverty reduction and economic growth. Populations out of reliable access to basic social and economic services like road infrastructure are poorer than those with reliable access (World Bank, 2006). In addition to the more direct factors of the production process such as human capital, physical capital and intermediate inputs, road infrastructure plays a great role for economic growth and poverty reduction. Road creates favourable condition for resource mobilization and efficient and sufficient allocation of factors of production through better linking of centres of demand and production. There are different perspectives and …show more content…
In contrast, neo-classical economists (Button, 1998; Aschauer, 1989) pointed out that supply driven and in their theory of endogenous growth infrastructure can be one of the inputs in the production function. 2.1.2.1 Impact of rural road investment on socio economic development
Socio-economic development and subsequent economic growth on the African continent is challenged by various constraint factors, including the lack of adequate and improved roads infrastructure. Investment in transport infrastructure in Africa plays a great role in facilitating development. Rural roads infrastructure in Africa is a particular area of concern, as the development of such basic infrastructure has been ignored to a large extent in the past history, thereby imposing great and significance constraint on growth and development of rural communities. An increased interest in rural roads investment capacity has improved in recent years. This is highly due to the importance for development of rural community as well as the positive and significant impact that rural
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Absence of basic public infrastructure (paths, trails, bridges and roads) and access to transport services leads it to difficult for rural poor house hold to access markets and services. There is very clear evidence that rural isolation is related with low agricultural productivity (related to poor market access and a few use of fertilizers and modern agricultural inputs). It is also related with poor health (for example un necessarily higher-natal mortality) and low school enrolment. Rural isolation enable imprison the elderly and household with disabilities. Two decade ago, little attention was given to the poverty implications of transport investments: it was considered that investments in urban and rural roads infrastructure leads to economic growth and social development as well as poverty reduction( Paul Starkey and John
Classical economics as postulated by the 19th century British economist David Ricardo states – in modern economic terms – that an economy will achieve its natural levels of employment (full employment) and reach its potential output on its own without any government intervention. While the economy may undergo periods of less than natural levels of employment or not yet reach its potential output, it will, in the long run, do so. If Mr. Ricardo was still alive, his favorite album would be The Long Run by The Eagles (1979). Using modern economic terms to further describe classical economics, an economy will tend to operate at a level given by the long-run aggregate supply curve. While many believe that the concepts of classical economics are for a by-gone era, that is not always the case.
This is necessary as the vast majority of individuals migrating from rural to urban centers has been steadily increasing with the level of economic growth seen within the past twenty years as mentioned earlier. Unfortunately, this situation has further shown the structural issues and inequalities of cities, as most migrants end up having a poor quality of life living in informal settlements as highlight substantially by Boo. As a means of tackling this, however, the Indian government has turned its focus on investing rural regions, developing the agricultural sector. Specifically, Boo mentions that “the prime minister, Manmohan Singh, had come down from Delhi to express his concern for the farmers’ hardships, and the central government’s determination to relieve it” (p. 138). While this is definitely important funds are not being divided justly. For starters, between rural and urban areas almost all investments are being targeting towards rural regions, which is only addressing issues of inequality in one section of the country. Furthermore, across rural areas inequalities of investment are quite often overlooked. Although, “one of the governments hopes was to stop villagers from abandoning their farms and further inundating cities like Mumbai, but Asha’s relatives knew nothing of these celebrated relief programs” (p. 138). Therefore, even though
While there were great variations in income between different villages, and between different jobs in the urban sector, the overall averages showed a clear pattern: the cities were much richer than the countryside. Most capital investments were going into urban industries. The urban workers, using considerable amount of heavy machinery, had a much higher average level of productivity compared to the rural workers. The natural consequence was, for the city people, an average income level twice as high as that of the people in the countryside. The most obvious way to attack this poverty problem was to increase production, in all sectors of the economy. Though the easiest way to increase ...
...by preventing access to potential places of employment and to positive network influences. Therefore, to solve the growing problem of jobless poverty the government should look towards developing mixed-use developments without strict zoning laws and increasing the public transportation infrastructures in cities.
A very weak infrastructure has left the rural populations vulnerable. With paramilitary groups causing havoc across the country. Guerilla groups and semi-autonomous local governments - and severely raised prices of internal transport where moving goods to and from inland cities can be more expensive than shipping them halfway around the world. (Citation) Combined these deficiencies has created a large gap between the classes. Causing moving from different social classes nearly impossibl...
Public transport is a vibrant driver which runs day to day economy of the country as it helps
Few concerns have surfaced in economy that plays a vital role in agriculture and therefore in economic development. Developing countries and more even, LDC’s, are dependent on agriculture for income for the population. But achieving good agriculture means that many things have to change within these countries self. Good transportation is need in these countries and more often than not the infrastructure doesn’t allow this to happen and transporting agricultural goods are more expensive for these countries, thus these countries need capital and investments to further their outputs and inputs to gain bet...
In Kenya, the 2030 Vision aspires for the country to be firmly interconnected through a network of roads, railways, ports, airports, and water ways, and telecommunications and provide water and modern sanitation facilities to her people (Denge, 2011). However, according to Iyabo (2010) , if the Government‘s vision of accelerating economic growth in the medium-term and making Kenya a middle-income country by 2030 is to be kept on target, additional investment in infrastructure is required.
The most significant dividing factor between people is money. Money divides cities into sections of wealthy areas and non-wealthy areas, money divides countries into social classes, and money divides the world into first-world countries and third-world countries. Lately, this divide has grown exponentially due, at least in part, to the increasing problem of poverty throughout the world. Poverty takes many forms and can be found in many places, and if the problem is not addressed and fixed, the world will be split into just two categories: the rich and the poor. Throughout the world, there are three different types of poverty; situational poverty, locational poverty, and relative poverty. Understanding and addressing theses types of poverty
In Africa, one important feature of the urbanization process is that a lot of the growth is taking place in the industrial increase. Urbanization also finds expression in external expansion of the built-up area and the changing of prime agricultural lands into residential and industrial uses (Saundry, 2008). An alternate to the present expansion of the urban population across a wide area of the country in order to save crucial land for agriculture is to construct high-rise buildings and support commercial development in specific zones, which would depend on efficiency, and the right technology and resources (Hanson, 2011). In Africa, the urbanization processes are largely driven by market forces and government policies. This will lead to methods at the same time of change in incomes, land use, health and natural resources management including water, soil and forests and often reactive changes in local governments (The Economist, 2010). So this is saying that government development policies and budget divisions, in which urban residents are often favorites over rural areas and will tend to pull more people into the urban areas. I...
And so for the research paper, my selected topic would explore the relationship between the rural poor and education. But more specifically, having read the Hallway Hangers, how do poor, rural youths differ in their educational goals and achievements than poor, urban youths? It is evident that rural poor are at a disadvantage educationally, socially, and economically compared to the urban poor. Rural youths’ chances of employment (whether in agriculture or in other areas), are weaker than their urban counterparts. The paper would set out to provide hard facts exploring this contrast, and the reasons and trends behind it.
Overall Central Africa’s dependence on agriculture could improve the wellbeing of the people but a long history of corruption, violence, and prevalent transportation issues have hindered an improvement in the economy resulting in poverty among the region. Poverty will not subside unless these issues are dealt with and improved.
...earch and extension, rural infrastructure, and market access for small farmers. Rural investments have been sorely neglected in recent decades, and now is the time to reverse this trend. Farmers in many developing countries are operating in an environment of inadequate infrastructure like roads, electricity, and communications; poor soils; lack of storage and processing capacity; and little or no access to agricultural technologies that could increase their profits and improve their livelihoods. Recent unrest over food prices in a number of countries may tempt policymakers to put the interests of urban consumers over those of rural people, including farmers, but this approach would be shortsighted and counterproductive. Given the scale of investment needed, aid donors should also expand development assistance to agriculture, rural services, and science and technology.
Due to rural-urban migration, there has been increasing levels of poverty and depopulation in rural areas. This is one of the reasons why the government has seen it as necessary and made it a priority to improve the lives of the people who live in rural areas. Rural development is about enabling people in the rural areas take charge of their destiny. This is through the use and management of the natural resources they are exposed to. This is a process through which people learn over time and they use this knowledge to adapt to the changing world. The purpose of rural development is to improve the lives of people living in the rural areas.
The development of every nation hinges on the effectiveness of their transportation systems. Movement of goods, services and people to and from locations is made possible by transportation systems. The importance of effective transportation systems cannot be over-emphasized. Many countries face transportation problems and my country Ghana is no exception. A trip of about 30 minutes usually takes about an hour or more due to traffic jams. This is seriously impacting productivity and has become a topical issue in the country. The situation is the same in Uganda where I currently work. To this end, Transportation Engineers are needed to design roads/ highways that will stand the test of time, plan effective traffic management systems to reduce