What is depression? If you were to ask a hundred people this exact question, you would probably get a hundred extremely different answers. It is believed that at some point in everyone’s life that we are affected by depression, but it depends on how a person interrupts their state of mind or condition in order to recognize this disease. In the book, Disciplined Hearts: History, Identity and Depression in an American Indian Community, the author, Theresa DeLeane O’Nell, tried to analyze the complex relationship between culture, especially the Flatheads, she dedicated her time and energy in examining this unrecognizable illness, depression. While analyzing this relationship, she provides the reader with valuable information about the Flathead …show more content…
Indians’ culture, which includes their history, rituals language and many other elements that makes this assessment between this culture and depression easier to understand. This medical anthropology study of the development and experience of "depression" on the Montona Flathead Indian reservation concentrates on the Salish and Pend d'Oreilles. With the participation of the flathead culture Committee, Mental Health Program staff, and tribal elders, Theresa O'Nell pursued three research questions: why was Flathead depression so across the board (it influenced 70 percent of the population), what did depression mean to them (since depression narratives contain both good implications and individuality distress), and what associations existed between Salish expressions for depression-like states and Western ethnopsychiatric terminology in the "Analytic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders", Theresa O'Nell assistant professor of psychiatry at the University of Colorado, would have liked to address late supplications for "anthropologically informed psychiatric research and nosologically modern anthropological request." Each of the book's three sections has a short introduction and two parts filled with information from thirty-three interviews. Section 1, "History and Identity," utilizes a significance focused way to deal with history and benefits the Flathead leaders or elders of the 1980s. Stories about at various times Indian-white relations, neighborhood talk about being a "real Indian", and Flathead self-portraits 150 years of mistreatment clear and change over prejudice and segregation while outlining central Flathead values. The investigation of these stories is arranged inside an anthropological discourse about ethnicity, the developing and reproducing of personalities, and the steadily changing sociopolitical components that shape progressing redefinitions of character and individual and gathering moral worth. The semantic analysis joins personality, past and present loss, and ethical quality with the feelings of loneliness and pity, the two emotional terms nearest to Euro-American "depression." I think O'Nell is attempting to discuss the historical of the Native American culture because she believes that the reason that their way of life is not outstanding a result of the way that they have continued living like their ancestors and not adapt to the American culture. Section 2, "Loneliness and Pity, explores Flathead depression through the story about loneliness, the central objection in Flathead sadness. These narratives uncover the social establishing of feeling and the Flathead world, wherein emotional lives center on interdependent relationships. Death customs, day by day connection practices, the significance of family and friends in surviving underestimation and the sociopolitical and economic strengths that shape the social embeddedness of loneliness are inspected. Flathead talk uncovers three sorts of depression: the feeling of loss, and uselessness. Using case study data, O'Nell breaks down the analysis, physical side effects and day by day Praxis related with each relationship. Section 3, Loneliness and Depression," looks at how Flathead culture shapes the singular experience and what that implies for culturally diverse understandings of depressive issue.
After analyzing a narrative about depression and suicide encounters, O'Nell considers three scholarly concerns: connections amongst culture and feeling. Correlations of Flathead loneliness and DSM details of depressive issue, and enhancements required in culturally diverse research and clinical work. Having demonstrated loneliness, she reviews anthropological and psychological ways to deal with the feelings, closure with a basic examination of ethnopyschology that considers the feelings as socially significant social activities. She then looks at Flathead "depression" with DSM criteria and finds each unmistakable vision of pain informational. O'Nell finishes up with notices against solid, static dreams of culture and "representative people" and against privileging Western biomedicine and it's meanings of typical and obsessive working, reminding her peruses that these definitions proceed to abuse by delegitimizing contemporary Indian societies and qualities. The Flathead setting shows that discouragement and depressive issue may have moral, social and sociohistorical bases; they might be seen as characteristic reactions to historical and current losses and interruptions of self-supporting associations. They embody singular distress and "pathology" as well as the mind-boggling elements in individual …show more content…
and gathering discouragement and renormalization inside the flux of day by day collaboration. However, To her credit, O'Nell does examine the contested nature of what it means to be "Indian" among the group she studies, focusing on the anxiety and confusion among Flatheads concerning their status in relation to what she refers to as "real Indians." (This is not a problem only for the Flatheads; in my own research among the Chippewas of Turtle Mountain Reservation in North Dakota, "Indian" is neither a clear nor agreed upon identity.) The root of confusion around this identity is the contradiction inherent in the concept of "Indian" itself. The principal contradiction derives from the image of "Indians" as static cultural entities (an issue which O'Nell draws attention to) who, in order to claim this identity, must live and dress like their ancestors of past centuries. Since "Indians" have not lived in a social and cultural vacuum in this country and the US government has made aggressive and concerted efforts to destroy indigenous culture, these individuals simply cannot live up to such a conception of what an "Indian" is. A second contradiction is the lack of clarity as to whether "Indian" is a racial, ethnic, or cultural identity. This only adds to the confusion for individuals about the meaning of this identity. O'Nell correctly points out that the issue of "authenticity" for Flatheads (and I would say, for Native Americans in general) as "Indians" creates a state of insecurity regarding their feeling of "belonging," the condition of belonging being one which O'Nell asserts is critical for the Flathead people. There is one other problem with this study concerning methodology and data. O'Nell does not provide a schedule of the questions she asked her interviewees (of which there were thirty-three), nor is there any detail on the specific characteristics of these individuals. In a footnote, the author claims that she made an "effort to achieve a balance" in terms of age and other characteristics for her sample, but adds that she makes no claims as to the "representativeness" of this sample. This qualification is troublesome given the fact that, throughout her book, O'Nell makes sweeping generalizations about the Flathead Reservation population concerning her research findings, presumably based on this sample. Moreover, she often makes assertions about subjective Flathead feelings, for which she provides no evidence. The reader must therefore take on faith that O'Nell's attributions of certain thoughts and feelings to Flatheads are based on research evidence which is not presented. The lay reader may overlook this, but for a social scientist, it represents a critical flaw in the presentation of the research. I enjoyed reading Disciplined Hearts by Theresa O'Nell; I found out that many individuals today don't know many things about the Native American culture and what they have been through and how depression and suffering can be a totally different experience to those who are not of the dominant American culture.
Their culture history is not discussed as much the American or the Hispanic area. Most Americans thought about the hardships that the African American and Hispanics needed to overcome to assimilate to the level that they are today. It is not out of line expecting Native Americans will live like their ancestors, and I agree with the way that O'Nell made the government look like the
wrongdoers. I think O'Nell is trying to talk about the history of the Native American culture because, she believes that the reason that their culture is not well-known because of the fact that they have chosen to keep living like their ancestors and not assimilate to the American culture. I highly recommend this book. It is a pertinent analysis when focusing on Native American depression from a psychological point of view as well as an incorporation of native people's own perception of depression and the reasons why. There is a great deal of worthwhile information contained in O'Nell's book, and her study does shed light on some important issues concerning Native Americans. Additionally, her project is a sound one, in that she does question the universal application of psychological concepts developed in one culture to other cultures. Nonetheless, the book as a work in social scientific research, suffers from serious shortcomings.
The 2nd Brigade of 101st Airborne Division found out in the summer of 2004 that they had to prepare for the war in the Middle East more particularly for Iraq. With Colonel Todd Ebel in Command of the 2nd Division with a year to prepare over 3,400 men and woman he got right to work. Colonel Ebel started by choosing his staff and who he thought was fit to take charge and lead this ever more complicated war. It was a huge religious civil war taking place in Iraq at the time with the Sunnis at war against the Shi’ite and after the capture of Saddam insurgency started uprising immediately. This uprising along with the uprising of Muqtada al-Sadr a key leader that had lots of violent followers that soon grew into a form of a militia called Mahdi Army which became another huge problem for the U.S. because the line between a legitamite populist movement and a huge theocratic organized-crime and terror ring was a thin one. The 2nd Brigade Infantry Battalions consisted of 1-502nd (First Strike) and 2-502nd (Strike Force) and 2nd brigade as a whole is known as the “Black Hearts”. Ebel’s mission was to deny insurgent’s access to Baghdad through his AO and as intelligence increased to uproot and destroy insurgent safe havens, while also training the IA so they could ensure the stability of the region later on. Ebel chose Lt. Col. Kunk as commander of “First Strike” 1-502nd and Lt. Col. Haycock as commander of “Strike Force” 2-502nd. By Ebel’s personality evaluations of Kunk and Haycock he decided that Kunk would work in the area that involved him being more engaging where populist centers were and work with local officials and Haycock more in the fighting areas. Kunk was in command of 3 rifle companies, 1 weapons company, 1 logistics company...
I enjoyed reading Disciplined Hearts by Theresa O'Nell because i find that many people today do not know a lot about the Native American culture and what they have been through. Their cultures history is not talked about as much the African American or Hispanic's are. Most Americans know about the hardships that the African American and Hispanics had to overcome to assimilate to the level that they are today. I think O'Nell is trying to talk about the history of the Native American culture because, she believes that the reason that their culture is not well-known because of the fact that they have chosen to keep living like their ancestors and not assimilate to the American culture.
Kleinman, A. 1980. Patients and Healers in the Context of Culture: An Exploration of the Borderland between Anthropology, Medicine, and Psychiatry. University of California Press.
According to Kirmayer, “...every culture has a type of experience that is in some ways parallel to the Western conception of depression…” (Watters 517). He proves this by explaining how a Nigerian man “might experience a peppery feeling in his head” (Smith 517) or how symptoms of depression in an American Indian project as feelings of loneliness. Depending on the location of the country and the language used to describe distress, symptoms of depression varies from region to region. He described this as “explanatory models” that “created the culturally expected experience of the disease in the mind of the sufferer” (Watters 518). In other words, the cause of depression is different for every country and thus each person experiences and describes depression in a way that matches their culture and environment. American researchers and clinicians often overlook culturally distinct symptoms because Americans classify depression in terms that might contradict the standards of other
In the US., the therapeutic group seldom has approaches to correspond with individuals of societies so drastically unique in relation to standard American society; even a great interpreter will think that it troublesome deciphering ideas between the two separate societies' reality ideas. American specialists, not at all like Hmong shamans, regularly physically touch and cut into the collections of their patients and utilize an assortment of capable medications and meds.
According to Canadian Mental Health Association, approximately 8% of adults will experience major depression at some point in their life. Depression is an illness which not only effects a person emotionally, it also effects a person physically. Different cultures view depression different ways. The film ‘The Split Horn’ produced by Taggart Sigel and Jim McSilver, tells the tale of Chai Thao, a Hmong girl living in Wisconsin. Her and her family have encountered depression, but the way they go about it is quite different from the way the Western World would. The Hmong view of health is a more holistic/ spiritual view while the western world views health through a biomedical point of view. In Hmong culture, depression is a very cultural journey. The Shaman is involved, the persons family and the person who is effected. In Western culture, depression usually does not involve a religious leader, is a more emotional thing. Western Culture also is not
This assimilation has caused the erosion of most cultural differences among the Hispanic and the Native Americans (Arreola 13). Therefore, these two cultures only compare in terms of their traditional aspects rather than their modern settings. Works Cited Arreola, Daniel D. Hispanic Spaces, Latino Places: Community and Cultural Diversity in Contemporary America. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2004. Print Campbell, Neil, and Alasdair Kean.
Depression is an affliction which can cripple a person severely. A depressed person is generally less motivated, less happy and, because of their depression they have less bright prospects then a non depressed person.
The word ‘depression’ has become a common everyday word. We hear the term ‘depression’ so frequently today, it’s even used in the contexts of jokes. For example you may hear someone say ‘My favorite show is over, now I have nothing to watch, I’m so depressed’. Obviously this person is not depressed, but we have come to overuse it in our expressions, to the point that is takes away from the seriousness of this disorder. Major depressive disorder is a mood disorder characterized by at least two weeks of depressed mood or loss of interest in nearly all activities, along with sleep or eating disturbances, loss of energy, and feelings of hopelessness (Kosslyn, Rosenberg, 2006). This mood disorder is characterized by a depressed mood, lack of interest in activities normally enjoyed, and feeling of worthlessness. Over the course of two weeks, someone who is suffering with major depressive disorder can experience symptoms such as significant weight loss, daily insomnia or hypersomnia, loss of energy, diminished ability to think or concentration, and recurrent thoughts of death or suicide (Kosslyn, Rosenberg, 2006).
Depression is an illness within itself that affects the “whole body”. (Staywell,1998) The body, feelings, thoughts, and behavior are all immensely altered when someone is depressed. It is not a sign of personal weakness, or a condition that can be wished or willed away. For some people depression is just temporary, but for others it can last for weeks, months and even years.
Depression is well known for its mental or emotional symptoms. Symptoms for depression include: persistently sad or unhappy mood, loss of interest or pleasure in previously enjoyable activities, difficulty concentrating, remembering, making decisions, anxiety, feelings of guilt, worthlessness, helplessness, and thoughts of death or dying. “People who have endured a major depressive episode describe the experience as a descent into t...
What is depression? Depression is an illness that can take over a person’s life---it can take their happiness and their will to live. This illness can effect adults, teenagers, and even kids. “Depression is an equal opportunity disorder---- it can affect anyone of any group, any background, any race, any gender, and any age. It is the great leveler of all groups and can take the greatest and the smallest of us all and reduce us to the pain and nothingness that is depression (Nydegger 1)”. Depression is an emotion most people may feel they have experienced, but little do they know it’s just the basic emotions we feel. It is important to identify the symptoms of depression, the types of depression, who can get them and how they manifest, in other to be able to treatment them.
The World Health Organization estimates that there are over 350 million people in world who struggle with depression. It is also the leading cause of disability worldwide. Similar to anxiety, depression effects people of all races, ages, and genders however it has been shown that women are more likely to be effected than men. Depression is growing problem. Specifically in America, approximately 17% of adults will suffer through a season of depression at some time in their lives. This rate has been increasing since 1915 and the trend shows that it will continue to do
There are many people in the world who are struggling with the disease depression. Depression is the state in which a person feels very sad, hopeless and unimportant. The thing about depression is that it affects both genders and any ages. Depression is something that deserves full attention. For many reasons doctors believe that when a person has depression, they have to start taking medication for it as if medications help. People are becoming more dependent on antidepressants when there are other techniques for dealing with depression.
According to Psychology Information Online, depression is a psychological condition that changes how a person thinks and feels, and it also affects their social behavior and sense of physical well being. Depression has been called a "whole body" illness because of the many things the illness affects.