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Scope and importance of community mental health
Importance of community mental health
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According to Canadian Mental Health Association, approximately 8% of adults will experience major depression at some point in their life. Depression is an illness which not only effects a person emotionally, it also effects a person physically. Different cultures view depression different ways. The film ‘The Split Horn’ produced by Taggart Sigel and Jim McSilver, tells the tale of Chai Thao, a Hmong girl living in Wisconsin. Her and her family have encountered depression, but the way they go about it is quite different from the way the Western World would. The Hmong view of health is a more holistic/ spiritual view while the western world views health through a biomedical point of view. In Hmong culture, depression is a very cultural journey. The Shaman is involved, the persons family and the person who is effected. In Western culture, depression usually does not involve a religious leader, is a more emotional thing. Western Culture also is not …show more content…
For example, when Uncle Po got sick and was admitted into the hospital, a couple of the Hmong people decided to go visit him. When they went, they checked to see if his nose is broken, because a broken nose indicates if a person will die soon. They noticed he did have a broken nose, and knew he was going to die soon. They all started preparing for his death. The Hmong people have an extensive funeral for him, which involves a chicken so the chicken can help him find his soul in the afterworld (McSilver & Siegle). Hmong people rely heavily on culture and the area around them when it comes to health and wellbeing. In Western culture, people usually wait for the doctor to announce a person dead. They also do not send a chicken with that person so when the person finds their soul, the chicken can co. Western culture is heavily dependent on the doctors orders, as it is assumed that the doctor knows
Kleinman, A. 1980. Patients and Healers in the Context of Culture: An Exploration of the Borderland between Anthropology, Medicine, and Psychiatry. University of California Press.
The dominant biomedical model of health does not take into consideration lay perspectives (SITE BOOK). Lay perspectives go into detail about ordinary people’s common sense and personal experiences. A cultural perspective, like the Hmong cultures perspective on health, is considered a lay perspective. Unlike the Hmong culture, where illness is viewed as the imbalance between the soul and the body, the dominant biomedical model of health views health in terms of pathology and disease (SITE THE BOOK). Although the Hmong culture considers spiritual and environmental factors, the dominant biomedical model of health only looks at health through a biological perspective, and neglects the environment and psychological factors that affect health. Depression in the U.S. is a medical illness caused by neurochemical or hormonal imbalance and certain styles of thinking. Depression is the result of unfortunate experiences that the brain has difficulties processing (SITE 7). Unlike the Hmong culture, where Hmong’s who are diagnosed with depression report the interaction between a spirit, people diagnosed with depression in the Western culture report themselves to having symptoms such as feeling tired, miserable and suicidal (SITE
Measuring depression in different culture is a complicated task, “there is a need for tools for multicultural mental health primary in order to promote communication and improve clinical diagnosis” (Lehti et al, 2009). This results indicated that there is still a need for a tool to accurately measure depression in patients from different countries/cultures. Each culture is unique in its very own, and certain abnormal behavior can only be found in certain culture. For instance, in western society we have the histrionic personality disorder, in which an individual desperately seek out attention, while in Japan, there is a phenomenon called “hikikomori” is an abnormal behavior where a person would go great length to avoid any social contract at any means. This abnormal behavior is similar to the avoidant personality disorder, however hikikomori is more severe. “Hikikomori is used to refer to group of young people who have withdrawn from social life and have had no relationships outside of family for a period in excess of six months.” (Furlong, 2008). The long period of time to be withdrawn from society is quite serious and will have many psychological damage. Another factor that is important when looking at abnormal behavior is the gender. The gender of an individual have play an important role in shaping the diagnosis and the diagnostic feature of these symptoms.
The Hmong culture is firmly rooted in their spiritual belief of animism, ancestral worship and reincarnation. These beliefs connect them to their sense of health and well-being. They view illness as having either a natural or a spiritual cause. A spiritual cause results in a “loss of souls” or is an action or misdeed that may have offended an ancestor’s spirit (California Department of Health Services, 2004, Purnell, 2013, p. 317). The soul escapes the body and may not be able to find its way back home. The Hmong also believe that a combination of natural and supernatural cause’s results in illness, and spells or curses, violation of taboos, accidents, fright, and infectious disease are other causes for illness (Centers for Disease Control
The social constructive approach to depression is summed up by 'the fact that the body became legible does not imply that some invariant biological reality was finally revealed to medical enquiry. The body was only legible in that there existed in the new clinical techniques a language by which it could be read.' (Armstrong, 1983) which exemplified the subjective practice of this approach. This methodology is qualitative and focuses on how objects and events are constituted in talk and texts. Also how social identities are created using cultural discourses. It analysis depression through discourse, resources and processes in conversations, interviews and ethnomethodology. It examines what people say and how they say it and what cultural resources
...ral differences in patterns of behavior and of social support includes each culture’s sense of what is sane and healthy, as opposed to life- and health-threatening. Thus, what people do protects the bereaved and in some senses everyone around the bereaved form. The cross-cultural emphasis, in fact, is a kind of metaphor. To help effectively, we must overcome our presuppositions and struggle to understand people on their own terms (i.e., not having the intention or the reason why the man placed a rose over Bella J. Bhukhan’s name).
Deaths were a form of social event, when families and loved ones would gather around the bed of the dying, offering emotional support and comfort. Myth, religion, and tradition would combine to give the event deeper meaning and ease the transition for all involved. The one who was dying was confident in knowing what lay behind the veil of death, thanks to religious faith or tradition. His or her community held fast to the sense of community, drawing strength from social ties and beliefs. (“Taboos and Social Stigma - Rituals, Body, Life, History, Time, Person, Human, Traditional Views of Death Give Way to New Perceptions" 1)
For many Indigenous people the customs following the death of a family or community remember is called “sorry business’, an indicator to all that there has been a death in the community (NSW Department of Community Services, 2009). Sorry business refers to the customary protocols that some Indigenous cultures adhere to and include sending the spirit of the deceased person into the next world and identifying the cause of death (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Branch, 2011). For many Indigenous the cultures the spirit leaves the body upon death and the spirit must be assisted in its journey to next word. One of the customary protocols to assist the spirit include the practice of not mentioning the name of the deceased for months or years after the death (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Branch, 2011). Not mentioning the person’s name allows the spirit to be unhindered in its passing and therefore not recalled to the world it has
Through showing the different definitions of health, the authors explain how those different understandings affect patterns of behavior on health depend on different cultures. In addition, an analysis of the models of health demonstrates even western medical approaches to health have different cognitions, same as the Indigenous health beliefs. The most remarkable aspect is a balance, a corresponding core element in most cultures which is an important consideration in Indigenous health as well. From an Indigenous perspective, health is considered as being linked, and keeping the connection is a priority to preserve their health. Consequently, health is a very much culturally determined. Health practitioners should anticipate and respect the cultural differences when they encounter a patient from various cultures. In particular, this article is good to understand why the Indigenous health beliefs are not that different than western medicine views using appropriate examples and comparative composition, even though the implementation the authors indicated is a bit abstract, not
According to research, African American women face tougher hardships when dealing with depression. This is a research proposal examining how African American females rate their levels of depression. The National Institute of Mental Health defined depression as “a mental illness when someone experiences sadness and a lack of interest in everyday social activities.” The DBSA (Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance) stated that at least 14.8 million American adults, or about 6.7 percent of the U.S. population age 18 and older, suffer from some form of depression. Depression is sometimes used to describe those that are sad from time to time with or without “valid” explanation as well as those who often feel lonely or neglected. No matter what
Guerin, B. & Guerin, P. 2012, 'Re-thinking mental health for indigenous Australian communities: communities as context for mental health', Community Development Journal, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 555-70.
Mental illness is an addition to all of the previously listed perceived disadvantages of Native Americans by those of other ethnicities. Many believe that Native Americans are at a higher risk for mental illness than those of European descent. Many also believe that Native Americans have more people suffer from depression than their white counterparts (Stark & Wilkins, American Indian Politics and the American Political System, 2011). There have been studies conducted to test whether or not this is the case, with mixed results. Some studies say that Natives are at a higher risk and others say they are not. This discrepancy makes the answer unclear. If Natives are actually at a higher risk for and have more people suffering from depression than individuals of European descent, the question to ask is, “why?” Several factors play into depression and other mental illness, including biology, social standing, history, family, and any preexisting/comorbid diseases that could contribute to or cause depression.
As Descartes argued, the mind and the body are the base of our existence, and many different cultures view different illnesses positively or negatively. Certain cultures, like the Hmong, believe that epilepsy is a good spiritual thing, but others, such as Western culture, believe that it is medically bad because it could cause death. Many illnesses can be viewed both negatively and positively, some more than others. However, one such illness that is mostly viewed negatively is depression. It is viewed negatively in a symptomatic sense – the symptoms are useless – and in a diagnostic sense – those diagnosed with depression are not actually depressed and the illness itself does not exist; it is simply an excuse to be lazy. There are many different approaches to depression and most of them consider that this illness is negative; however, depression is actually an evolutionary tactic subconsciously employed by humans that can have very positive effects.
The Split Horn is a film that explores health and wellness in the Hmong culture. The film highlights the harsh reality of a Hmong Shaman trying to preserve his ancient traditions as his children integrate into American culture. The Hmong are a group of indigenous people from across Asia, who were forced to flee their homeland and immigrate to the United States. In this essay the issues of the Thao family will be addressed, it will be explored using specific evidence and examples from the film. Secondly, the essay will incorporate the corresponding model of health as well as the disciplinary perspective that was presented in the film. Third, the essay will explore alternative models of health and disciplinary perspective, in order explore possible
While the end of life experience is universal, the behaviors associated with expressing grief are very much culturally bound. Death and grief being normal life events, all cultures have developed ways to cope with death in a respectful manner, and interfering with these practices can disrupt people’s ability to cope during the grieving