2.3 LASER ASSISTED MILLING
Laser assisted machining is a manufacturing process that has been investigated as an alternative to conventional machining of hard and/or difficult to process materials [45]. Laser assisted machining involves pre heating of a focused area with a laser beam (often c.w. laser) over the surface of the workpiece to cause localized heating and thermal softening along the path of the cutting action. The main advantage that laser assisted machining gas over conventional machining is the increased material removal rate, productivity and tool life. LAM was initially developed in USA. Laser assist was first applied on turning process. Later on laser assist was developed for milling process (Laser assisted milling). Several
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Laser assisted milling at macro scale
Yang and Shen et al.[42] investigated the mechanisms of edge chipping and operating temperature in the laser-assisted milling of silicon nitride ceramics. The milling operation was carried out on a CNC milling machine with a diode laser system. The laser heat source was delivered through an optical fiber and focused on a surface of the workpiece at an angle of 60o. During the milling operation, the cutter and the laser heat source did not move, but the work table was movable.
Brecheretal. [43] developed a HSK-100 Cm face milling device with an integrated laser system, including two lenses for heat source focusing. The components for the laser-assisted milling device, including a high power fiber laser, spindle and cutter were integrated in to a 5-axis machine
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Laser-assisted milling of the workpieces with an inclination angle was performed. Experiments were performed at a 15o tilt from the horizontal plane for effective machining. The surface of the workpieces was measured in real time by a pyrometer with a range of 40-2,100oC. The spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut were 5,000 rpm, 100 mm/min, and 0.2-0.5 mm, respectively. TiAlN coated ball end mills with a helix angle of 30o, two flute and a diameter of 8 mm were used. Sim and Lee [65] determined the optimal laser power according to the tool path inclination angle of a titanium alloy workpiece in laser- assisted milling. The rotation speed, depth of cut at the main axis and the feed rate were3,000 rpm, 0.5mm, and100mm/min, respectively. Three angles, of 30o, 45o, and 60o, were selected for the rotated angle of one axis, and tool path inclination angles of 0o, 30o, 60o, and 90o were
Xie, J. "Weld Morphology and Thermal Modeling in Dual-beam Laser Welding." Was.org. American Welding Society, n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2014. .
Fabrication at the factory utilizes a mix of robotics and manual labor to produce the body of the V-Rod. Robots that are designed to cut pipe are capable of completing a single operation within 3 seconds. Other fabrication robots utilize 1800 watt lasers that can perform cutting operations at the rate of 100 inches per minute. Where robotics can be used to perform high speed cutting and welding operations, skilled workers are a...
"MIG Welding—The Basics and Then Some." - TheFabricator.com. N.p., 13 July 2004. Web. 15 Apr. 2014.
Laser is an acronym used for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Laser treatment is a procedure used to cure skin problems with a strong beam of light. Experienced cosmetologists and dermatologists use this new technology to cure many ailments.
3D Printing: The weapon to save or kill? People nowadays might get the impression that the 3D printing technology is a relatively new concept in our daily lives. However, 3D printing technology has been invented and utilized in many fields such as creating human organs in healthcare, building architectural models in engineering, and even forming components that can be used in aeronautic fields. Since Charles W. Hull invented the 3D printing technology in the 1980s, scientists, engineers, and even normal people were and still are trying to discover more possibilities of the usages and changes in this technology. Same as every invention of the new technology, with its undeniable beneficial effects, 3D printing also faces lots of limitations on the printing material, financial costs, market standardization, and more crucially the possible abuse of it.
Machine Manufactering: Diamond tools are used to cut parts down to the right size so that they can be used in machines.
CNC Simulator able to simulate the tool path in CNC lathe machine and CNC milling machine. The idea of CNC Simulator is to provide the CNC users with versatile and contemporary full 3D CNC Machine Simulator with CAD/CAM capability. The CNC Simulator has become a whole suite of combination software tools for CNC community. CNC machine-tools are the most important technological equipment in industry. It is nowadays possible to produce very complex shapes by CNC machines and they often need sophisticated CAM systems, skilled users and a number of time-consuming tests in order to obtain the best results (Octavian Bologaa et al , 2016). For these reasons, complex manufacturing processes need to be checked thoroughly before running at a real machine tool. The simulation of the machining processes can be useful in preparation of production. It is an essential action to check the machining processes with simulation software in advance to prevent from lost.
Abrasive Jet Machining (AJM) is the removal of material from a work piece by the application of a high speed stream of abrasive particles carried in gas medium from a nozzle. The AJM process is different from conventional sand blasting by the way that the abrasive is much finer and the process parameters and cutting action are both carefully regulated. The process is used chiefly to cut intricate shapes in hard and brittle materials which are sensitive to heat and have a tendency to chip easily. The process is also used for drilling, de-burring and cleaning operations. AJM is fundamentally free from chatter and vibration problems due to absence of physical tool. The cutting action is cool because the carrier gas itself serves as a coolant and takes away the heat.
Lathe wheel driven with the help of servo motor can be seen on computer aided lathe machines i.e. CNC lathe machines. Here a servo is used as the spindle motor. The motor can be given to move in a linear or rotary motion. This allows us to control the speed and angular position of the tool.
?Small Shop Gains Edge with Robotic Welding.? Welding Design & Fabrication (Aug. 2001): 42 EBSCOhost. Online. Nov. 2002 .
In general, any machine part can be produced by one of various manufacturing methods such as forging, machining, casting and welding. Determination of the manufacturing methods depends on production costs of the alternatives for individual parts. Friction welding which is an alternative welding method, is widely used in production of machine parts having different cross-section or diameter in order to decrease manufacturing costs and the main advantage of friction welding methods is to reduce defects existing during
Manufacturing is the process of transforming raw materials into finished products with intentions of fulfilling the customer’s needs, this is done through cost effective methods within a given period of time. Micro-casting is the manufacturing process of materials in the micro-meter range or of larger parts by carrying microstructures using molten metal cast into a mold. There are two different methods used for casting structures in the micro-meter range; capillary action micro-casting (permanent mold) and micro-casting based on investment casting. Investment casting, also known as ‘lost wax process’, is the oldest known method. As old as 5000 years, in the time of the Pharaohs, they used this method to make gold jewellery, armour and statues.
As you can see lasers are a very useful and important tool which is why I have
Cutting: A laser is also great for cutting objects. It can get to those hard to reach places by the use of mirrors to bend the beam of light. It also is strong enough to cut through solid steel. A laser never damages the surface of the object because it never touches it. Lasers have been
Also, micro machining was performed on the substrate to improve the part’s feature resolution (cavities for electrical components and channels for the inks).