Students will write an essay on any two of the research designs you studied during the year in this module. You will receive guidance for this assessment in lectures during the term. (1500 words)
Research allows for the undertaking of information-finding activities; establishing facts and reaching new conclusions. (Smith, M. 2010) It is important when conducting research to ensure to use the correct research design that will prove to be the most effective for the desired study being investigated. There are a number of different research designs; experimental, correlational, survey, observational, case study and ethnography.
Each research design has its own advantages and disadvantages, depending upon three conditions: the type of research
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Often results can be representative of the study at large and producing similar results each time the program is evaluated, causing it to have a higher internal validity. Due to having the control group, external influences that are not being measured are equally for both groups therefore leaving fewer assumptions being made. Experimental research design also tends to be easier to analyze in comparison to other research designs. The problem though with experimental research is that there can be political or ethical issues relating to withholding the treatment from the control group, depending on the type of treatment and whether or not it is beneficial to the group being treated. To avoid this, the researcher would have to come up with a plan to deliver the treatment to the control group once treatment is proven to be effective. Experimental research can also prove to be very costly and time-consuming making it difficult for some researchers to get the funding and time needed to ensure they can carry out an effective experiment for their research project. (P.A.N.D.A.)
In conclusion it is notable that both these research designs have their uses and disadvantages, and it is important to ensure you choose the correct design for the research question being asked, whether it be one of these or another research design that was not discussed. When conducting research it is also important to remember that quite often it can be more effect to use two design rather than one, as it can increase the validity of the research, but only if it is relevant for answering the research question being
Based on the preceding ontological and epistemological assumptions a researcher then makes methodological assumptions. Having decided on exactly what is to be studied the researcher then decides how the research can best be managed thus formulating a plan of action. Considerations include whether the research used should be primary or secondary. Whether one will test an existing hypothesis or whether one will construct a theory after having collated evidence. Finally one can draw conclusions as to which strategy to implement with the ultimate goal of producing the type of knowledge that is required. This then results in the type of method or methods of research to be used.
I. Jackson (2012), Even-numbered chapter exercises, p. 360. 2. What is the difference between a.. The recommended design for this type of study is a non-equivalent control group post-test only design. 4.
In order to have a successful, reliable experiment you need sufficient data and evidence, reliable research, variables to test and a follow – up experiment. There are several types of variables you need to do an experiment. An independent variable is the manipulated experimental factor that is changed to see what the effects are. A dependent variable is the outcome. This factor can change in an experiment in reaction to the changes in the independent variable. An experimental group is the group of participants that are exposed to the change that the independent variable represents. The control group is participants who are treated in the same way as the experimental group except for the manipulated factor which is the independent variable (King 24). Proper data, evidence and research is also needed so the experiment turns out correctly and you know what you are testing. A follow – up experiment is not required, however it helps the validity of the conclusion of the experiment. Validity is “the soundness of the conclusions that a researcher draws from an experiment” (King 25). Conducting a follow – up experiment will help researchers and people alike see if the experiment worked properly, continues to help people and see how participants are doing after the experiment is over.
Randomized Controlled Trials can be used to in several types of evaluations, including new therapies (i.e. Cognitive behavioral therapy versus emotionally focused therapy when treating couples), community interventions, and diagnostic techniques (O'Brien, 2013). The RCT study design randomly assigns participants into an experimental group or a control group. As the study is conducted, the only expected difference between the control and experimental groups is the outcome variable being studied (O'Brien, 2013).
Experimental designs are viewed as the most accurate, and most demanding of research designs, requiring strict attention to rules and procedures. Researchers use these research designs to manipulate and control testing procedures as a way to understand a cause and effect relationship. Commonly, independent variables are manipulated to judge or decide their effect on a dependent variable (Trochim & Donnelly, 2008).
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Planning or conducting a study requires research and a good design. “A good design, one in which the components work harmoniously together, promoting efficient and successful functioning; a flawed design leads to poor operation or failure” (Maxwell, 2013, p. 2). When conducting research, the research questions are the normal starting point. They are what drives the study and, therefore, the piece that controls the design which all other components must follow (Maxwell, 2013). With the research questions at the center of the design, unlike typical research models, the interactive model of research design is connected in such a way as to provide
...to find out something when they use children. The Tuskegee experiment exhibit how cruel researcher can also be, and how racial society was in 1932. The experiments show what can happen without regulations. There should be values and regulations to guide research in these experiments. Concluding, some experiments have the tendency to destroy the lives of the humans that have been experimented on.
Now within the rest of this paper you will be finding a few different things getting discussed. Staring it off we will be discussing the articles that we have found to make our arguments and hypotheses. After wrapping up the literature reviews we will be discussing the hypotheses thus continuing onto our variables and indicators. Once we discuss our hypotheses we will be moving onto the research design. The research design will have our general issues, sampling, and methods.
The nature of research instruments, the sampling plan and the type of data the research design constitutes the blueprint for the collection, the measurement and analysis of data. It aids the researcher in the allocation of his limited resources by posing crucial choices.
Human experimentation can save a lot of lives and lead to better understanding but it should only be done as a last resort or if the person signs a waver understanding all the risk and symptoms that are unhealthy and should be avoided. A lot of cancer treatments are experimental drugs such as one treatment for brain cancer where the injected the tumor with polio to get rid of the brain cancer. The save people’s lives and can do a lot of good but there should be strict laws and regulation the Nuremberg Code does a good job of that by having pretty strict regulations like the first regulation is voluntary consent. The second one the experiment has to yield good results. Third the experiment should be designed and based off the results of the animal experimentation. Fourth regulation is the experiment should avoid unnecessary physical and mental suffering and injury. Fifth regulation is if death or disability could occur it cannot be conducted. Sixth Regulation is the degree of risk should never be more important than the person’s life. Seventh regulation is proper preparation and nice facilities. Eight regulations the experiment should be conducted by scientifically qualified person. Ninth regulation the subject can bring experiment to an end. Tenth regulation scientist in charge must be prepared to stop experiment if subject could end up disabled or dead. Those regulations cover most of the bases
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches, 3rd Edition. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Research is systematic way to find out facts and knowledge as Kothari (2006) has analyzed that research is the pursuit of truth with the help of study, observation, comparison and experiment; the search for knowledge through objective and systematic method of finding solutions to a problem. However there are two types of researches one is by Purpose and other is by method. The type by purpose falls into three categorize such as Basic, Applied and Action Research.
Research design is an outline of research study which indicates that what the researcher will do from writing the hypothesis and its operational implications to the final analysis of data. A research design is the arrangement of conditions for data collection and analysis of data in such a way that it will aim to combine relevance to research purpose with implementation of developed framework from research proceedure[1]. Research design constitutes conclusion regarding what, why, where, when and how concerning an inquiry or a research study. Overall research design may be divided into the following parts. [2]
After establishing the research problem and what results are wanted, it will define how it will find the answers. Research is a form of collection and interpretation of information that will form the basis of finding answers to questions. The research uses theories and methods that h...