Dilution is a process of reducing the concentration of a chemicals in a solution. The dilution is done by adding more solvent to the solution. After that, this solution is mixed thoroughly to get the uniform concentration. A unit volume of a liquid material of interest combined with an appropriate volume of a solvent liquid in order to achieve desired concentration is called simple dilution.
The dilution factor is the total number of unit volumes in which material will be dissolved. The diluted material must mixed thoroughly to achieve the true dilution. For example, a 1:5 dilution is the combination of 1 unit volume of solute plus 4 units volumes of the solvent medium. Hence, 1 + 4 = 5, where 5 is the dilution factor. When calculating dilution
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This is because of the ten-fold serial dilution. Since the concentration is decreasing, hence the intensity of the colour of the solution will also decreases. This mean test tube A will have the darkest blue colour solution as the starch concentration is the most highest whereas test tube E will have the lightest colour solution. In this experiment, 1 ml of starch solution with concentration 5000 is added to test tube A. There are 1 unit volume of the starch solution to be diluted and 9 unit volumes of the solvent medium. Hence, 1+ 9=10. 1 : 10 is the dilution factor. The test tube was shake well before 1 ml of the solution is transferred to test tube B. The concentration of starch in tube A is 500 after being diluted. Then the solution with 500 of starch solution is added to test tube B making the concentration of starch become more dilute, which the concentration become 50 . Steps is repeated and the concentration of starch solution in the few next test tube will decreases gradually. In test tube B, the ratio of the starch concentration is 5000 to 50 . Hence, the dilution factor is 1 : 100. The calculation step for the dilution factor for the next test tube is
We then took 1ml of the 0.1% solution from test tube 2 using the glucose pipette and added it to test tube 3, we then used the H2O pipette and added 9ml of H2O into test tube 3 creating 10ml of 0.01% solution.
The essential points of the green-frosting are the concentration and absorbance value in each diluted which the process of serial dilution. The standard curve of Blue#1 and yellow #5 provide the equation of the trend-line in order to calculate the concentration in the diluted solution of the green frosting. The mole of dye in 100mL green stock solution, mole of dye in 5 gram and 1 gram of frosting, the Beer –Lambert Law, and the compare to amount desired by the company can be determined. The Beer-Lambert Law is the relationship between color and the concentration and equation A=Ebc. The “A” is absorbance, the “C” is a concentration in molarity, the “E” is a molar absorptivity and “b” is the path-length. The goal of the lab is to use the absorbance and the Beer-Lambert law to determine the amounts of blue#1 and yellow #5 in the green frosting.
This means that there are more collisions between the solid and liquid. Amount of tap water H2O used, i.e. volume (in ml) of the syringe. Amount of Alka-Seltzer tablets used, i.e. quantity of the tablets. one is used for the. Number of times the solution is stirred.
The average of the three unknown solution was calculated and the concentration of the unknown solution was
In this investigation, the concentration of enzyme will be inversely proportional to the time taken for starch to be digested, until at a certain point where it will level out. It will level out because, all the substrates would have been used up, therefore there will be no more substrates for the enzymes to work on. In effect, the concentration of the substrate will act as a limiting factor. However, enzyme concentration will be directly proportional to the rate of reaction.
By taking a sample size of 5, while still not particularly large it decreased the effect of random errors as an average was able to be calculated. Another strength was using the same size test tubes throughout the experiment. This made sure the surface area and exposure to oxygen in the air was kept consistent which would allow for more accurate results. A weakness of this experiment was that it was difficult to distinguish the exact point when the methylene blue had disappeared. As the top part of the test tube was exposed to oxygen in the air, the milk solution never went completely white and there was a blue ring on top of each test tube which stayed blue. It was also difficult to put the exact same amount of methylene blue into each test tube because you are not actually measuring it but rather just placing drops into the test tubes which is a little difficult to
Therefore, the glucose concentration of solution X could have been anything between 1% and 10% glucose concentration. By its color, it seemed to be closer to test tube 1; therefore, I estimated it to be 7%. However, this method is extremely inefficient, and that estimate could easily be wrong. Hence, this method is semi-quantitative and has several limitations. Too much is left down to estimation, where human error could easily occur because in-betweens cannot be accurately measured and have to be guessed at.
3.) Divide your 30g of white substance into the 4 test tubes evenly. You should put 7.5g into each test tube along with the water.
- The amount of times the mixture was stirred. We stirred the mixture until the Ammonium Nitrate was dissolved, so the amount of times we stirred after each teaspoon was different.
However, in order to measure the rates of reaction, sodium thiosulphate and starch are added. Sodium thiosulphate is added to react with a certain amount of iodine as it is made. Without the thiosulphate, the solution would turn blue/black immediately, due to the iodine and starch. The thiosulphate ions allow the rate of reaction to be determined by delaying the reaction so that it is practical to measure the time it takes for the iodine to react with the thiosulphate. After the all the thiosulphate has reacted with the iodine, the free iodine displays a dark blue/black colour with the starch. If t is the time for the blue/black colour to appear, then 1/t is a measure of the initial rate.
I blended on high to make the potatoes more liquid-like. I grabbed the cheesecloth and placed on the top of the blender. I poured the potato extract on the container and labeled it. I found out that I have to make 1% sugar solution so I grabbed the sugar and measured into 5 grams on the scale. I added 5 grams of sugar on 250 ml graduated cylinder and poured the water into the cylinder. I mixed the sugar with water and poured it into the saucepan. I refilled the water into the graduated cylinder and poured into the saucepan. I turned on the heat of the stove and saw the sugar dissolved. I poured into a container and labeled 1% sugar solution. I repeated the same thing with 1% salt solution by using 1 gram of salt and filled the water into graduated cylinder by 100 ml. I answered question three. In the first experiment, I grabbed four transfer pipets and used it to put solutions into the test tubes by 3ml. I labeled it and placed into the plastic cups so it can stand upright. I grabbed each test tube and poured 2 ml of catalase solution into it. I also tapped and swirled to measure the bubbles by using the ruler. I wrote the numbers into the lab report. In the second experiment, I labeled the room
The homeopathic medicine is prepared by diluting the substance multiple times. With every dilution, the solution is shaken to potentiate the medicine. The final dilution will have a very low concentration of the original substance.
Firstly, we need to keep the chemical at a constant concentration. So, in this experiment we have chosen to keep hydrochloric acid at a constant concentration (5cm3). We could have, however, used Sodium Thiosulphate as a constant, but we had chosen to use Hydrochloric acid. Next, we must make sure that the solution is kept at a constant volume throughout the experiment. If the volume is different, then it could give different results if it was at a constant volume.
second test tube also add 6 mL of 0.1M HCl. Make a solution of 0.165
For this experiment we used titration to standardize the exact concentration of NaOH. Titration is the process of carefully adding one solution from a buret to another substance in a flask until all of the substance in the flask has reacted. Standardizing is the process of determining a solutions concentration. When a solution has been standardized it is referred to as a standard solution. To know when a solution is at its end point an indicator is added to acidic solution. An indicator is an organic dye that is added to an acidic solution. The indicator is one color is in the acidic solution and another color in the basic solutions. An end point occurs when the organic dye changes colors to indicate that the reaction is over (Lab Guide pg. 141).