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Literature in history
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Mankind at present is on the cusp of a new era of information: where society as a whole was once dominated by the inescapable grasp of writing, then print, human progress is now carrying us, in part kicking and screaming, into digitality. This marked shift from one paradigm to another, and its effects on our human identity, is by its very nature incredibly well-documented, just as was the carry-over from writing to print. But what of the first shift, the diffusion of writing and literacy that appeared to completely scrub primary orality from the face of every civilization that took up its successor? According to Walter J. Ong, that first diffusion of literacy completely rewired the human mind in order to create a more advanced society that depended on writing to survive. …show more content…
(89) What’s more, from this point forward, a return to orality is more or less impossible, and actively, though subconsciously, rejected.
The two essays, Splintered Literacies and Writing in Sacred Spaces, both revolve around the inherent “why” of storytelling. Each addresses a different facet, with the former delving into how the types and varieties of writing we experience affect our identities. Meanwhile, the latter explores the idea of thought concretization. Humanity developed writing as a tool to capture the otherwise intangible. Whether belief or abstract concept, the act of putting something in writing creates a concreteness, trapping the thought in a jar like a firefly. The thoughts and ideas we manifest onto the page or into the air give life to our knowledge, perpetuating its’ existence.
Bradbury attacks loss of literature in the society of Fahrenheit 451 to warn our current society about how literature is disappearing and the effects on the people are negative. While Montag is at Faber’s house, Faber explains why books are so important by saying, “Do you know why books such as this are so important? Because they have quality. And what does the word quality mean? To me it means texture. This book has pores” (79). Faber is trying to display the importance of books and how without them people lack quality information. In Electronics and the Decline of Books by Eli Noam it is predicted that “books will become secondary tools in academia, usurped by electronic media” and the only reason books will be purchased will be for leisure, but even that will diminish due to electronic readers. Books are significant because they are able to be passed down through generation. While online things are not concrete, you can not physically hold the words. Reading boost creativity and imagination and that could be lost by shifting to qui...
The introduction of the printing press changed society permanently. Along with this invention came the emergence of mass production of texts. Suddenly, information could be efficiently replicated, thus facilitating the dissemination process. Widespread alphabetic literacy, as Havelock states, could finally become a reality. Print media, however, are fundamentally restricted by their physical nature. Enter the Internet, arguably modern society’s greatest technological advancement, with its ability to digitally recontextualize the written word. Again, forever changing the nature of communication. This paper will focus on the web’s functional, social, and cultural remediations of print media. It can be argued that the Internet is a modernized version of the printing press. The web created an explosion in production, self-published content, and new forms of machine art. Through contrasting physical and digital print media, it will be shown that the Internet enhances aspects of the printing press in defining itself.
Centuries ago, man faced a significant transition in society from an oral-based to a writing-based culture. In Phaedrus 274, Socrates said with regard to written culture “Writing will create forgetfulness in the learners' souls, because they will not use their memories; they will trust to the external written characters and not remember of themselves. . . .” Others, such as Plato saw the benefits of writing and recommended that all citizens should receive education in writing. Change was indeed coming, with both positive and detrimental
There are numerous traits found in the world that are said to give us our humanity; These traits can be as simple as compassion for others, or as complex as a desire to rule and conquer. There are two crucial developments, however, that have contributed greatly to the development of human civilization - the development of writing and the creation of a hierarchical social structure. These two developments in human history have become the building blocks for the way that we live our day-to-day lives. Both writing and social hierarchies have evolved along with our society, spreading throughout the world and becoming key factors in the future of our civilization.
The first printing press was created to make books (Mostly bibles in the day) cheaper and more accessible. At this time only nobles and scribes new how to read and write. In result of this press, written pieces became commonplace making the common people needing to know how to read and write. This literacy spread and spread as the printing press became more common and caused the majority of the world’s people to be as literate as it is today which helped to revolutionize the work
In short, Postman wishes to trace how the “Age of Typography” has turned into the “Age of Television” and how the latter age requires all communication to take the form of entertainment.
Substances can only move across a cell membrane by active transport or passive transport. Active transport moves molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration area using the body’s energy. Passive transport moves molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration area without using any energy. Furthermore, the main process of passive transport is diffusion, which involves the movement of dissolved particles through a semi-permeable membrane from that of a high concentration to a low concentration. The tonicity of a cell refers to the concentration of the solution that will determine the direction and extent of diffusion. Diffusion comes in another form called facilitated diffusion/transport, which
(Brandt, 1998) I then ask, what values have even she couldn’t have foreseen that mold influences the worth of our progress as a species? How will new, pertinent language have an eventful impact in the years to come, even if English itself vanishes? I want to convey forth the Spirit of Communications as my idea in the coming years of the world. Should the core language of calligraphy, that which we call English among other dialects, I want the very idea of communications of all aspects to carry on and learn new, brilliant ideas as it proceeds with its continuation. Not only will these new concepts go through shaping during history, they will also continue to shape the very foundation that we call literacy. (Brandt,
My ongoing journey of literacy began in 1993. I was four years old. The memories I have of my first few years of school is very blurred, as they happened over twenty years ago. However, these early years of my life is where I believe my literacy journey began to take form.
He asserts that with the invention of television, writing can basically be eliminated (125). There’s no use for it anymore, after all. What can be more engaging than a form of media that stimulates the senses so? Despite the beliefs of those who lived in the 60s and 70s, the twenty-first century is unfortunately not home to the world of the Jetsons. Writing is still a very powerful form of media, for the very book that this essay is centered around is still influential, forty-nine years later!
In Baron’s article “Should Everyone Be a Writer”, he gives an explanation how writers have expanded and, writing itself has changed drastically over the last decade. Not only that but attempts to explain the history of writing technologies. He details the history of the printing press, pencil, typewriters and telegraph following it up with the computers we have today.
In the article, “Gains and Losses: New Forms of Texts, Knowledge, and Learning,” author, Gunther Kress addresses some of the gains and losses that has occurred as a result of a shift in communication. He discusses the after-effects of the decline in writing and the modern fascination with multimodal communication.
Writing systems have made possible the technological advances that has taken humanity from hunting, gathering, and simple farming to exploration of space. Writing created a permanent record of knowledge so that a fund of information could accumulate from one generation to the next. Before writing, human knowledge was confined by the limits of memory. For example, learning something from one self or from talking to another.
Ong, Walter. “Writing is a Technology that Restructures Thought.” Writing Material. Ed. Evelyn Tribble. New York. 2003. 315-335.