Diffuser Case Study

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1.1 Background of study A diffuser is a mechanical device that is designed to control the character of fluid at the entrance of a thermodynamic open system. It could be in the shape of round, rectangular and square. Diffusers are commonly used in heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems as a part of room air distribution subsystem, and serve several purposes as following, to deliver conditioned and ventilated air evenly, to distribute the flow of air in the desired directions, to create low velocity air movement in the occupied room and to enhance mixing of room air into the primary air being discharged (Eugene et al., 2011). Diffusers form an important component of many fluid machines, and investigations of the flow through diffusers are of paramount importance in understanding and improving their performance. Combined turning and diffusing flow contains much more complex flow, which requires special efforts in measuring/computing the overall system performance. For the design of ventilation and air-conditioning …show more content…

An improperly designed diffuser may lead to flow separation and excessive consumption of pumping power. It may also produce a flow misdistribution in the downstream, which is not acceptable in many applications. Moreover, a constraint of restricted length is often imposed on the design. As a result, designing the optimum shape of a diffuser had been the subject of investigation for many researchers during the last decade. The profile of a plane diffuser with given upstream width and length had been optimized to obtain the maximum static pressure rise by (Cabuk & Modi, 1992). The steady-state Navier–Stokes equation was used to model the flow through the diffuser considering 2-D, incompressible and laminar flow. A set of ad joint equations had been solved to get the direction and relative magnitude of change in the diffuser profile that leads to a higher pressure rise (Haftka & Madsen,

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