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Fascism: Yesterday & Today
Around the world the ideology known as “fascism” is commonly related to two men, Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini. This tradition of political thinking has long been argued by political scientists and many others on what exactly defines a fascist state. According to Webster’s dictionary the term is defined as, “a way of organizing a society in which a government ruled by a dictator controls the lives of the people and in which people are not allowed to disagree with the government.” Although this definition would be contested by many scientists it is a good compromise.
This ideology wasn’t around until the early 1900’s and was started in Italy around the time of World War I. Italy was in shambles then and many parties were trying to take control, Benito Mussolini became Prime Minister following the March on Rome in 1922. With this he gained the role of “ed duce” through legal means and created a one party system with him as the leader. This was the first time a fascist government had been in power. Many individuals confuse the ideologies of socialism, and communism with fascism. However, they are all different in the way they manipulate, and control the people. In regards to socialism Benito Mussolini said, We declare war against socialism, not because it is socialism, but because it has opposed nationalism. This is a major part of fascism because through nationalism is how the country will become powerful both economically but also militarily. *** Along with Mussolini, Germany during the same time period went under a great change to fascism.
This change was instituted by the Nazi’s and their leader Hitler. Germany’s change to fascism was similar to Italy as it was done following ...
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...the government owning the corporations completely. Traditionally democracies have a great sense of nationality and often reflect to the past days for a sense of “glory”. For instance the U.S. is a very nationalistic state as a vast majority of the country supports its troops occupying countries abroad. Also, not many countries in the world have citizens who proudly hang their countries flag outside their door. Though national pride for one's country shouldn’t be compared to the Nazi regime it is still an interesting look at modern nationalism.
Works Cited
"Fascism." Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 3 Dec. 2013. .
Sheldon Richman, "Fascism." The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics. 2008. Library of Economics and Liberty. 3 December 2013. .
It was during the 1920’s to the 1940’s that totalitarian control over the state escalated into full dictatorships, with the wills of the people being manipulated into a set of beliefs that would promote the fascist state and “doctrines”.
Benito Mussolini is the creator of fascism and in this article he is going through the details of what fascism consists of and what I gather from the article is that he wants to transition from nation + state to nation =state and what that means is that everything goes through the state and nothing is separated from it including descriptions and law making on things such as war. Source 8.4 we are presented Eichmann in Jerusalem and this is an article by Eichmann who in my opinion sounds brainwashed to the law. He is unable to speak to what he really believes the government stands for. When we look at all of these sources and put them all together, we ask ourselves how do these tie together?
To understand why Fascism gained such popularity after WWI, it is essential to find a working definition of what Fascism actually is. According to Benito Mussolini and his document What is Fascism, Fascism is “the conception of the state, its character, its duty, and its aim.” It is concerned primarily and totally with the affairs of state rather than those of the individual. The chief duty of a man in a Fascist nation is to do what he can to elevate the state to higher power or assist the state in whatever means necessary in its goals. As is evident to anyone studying this period in history, Fascism “repudiates the doctrine of Pacifism…” meaning that it is most certainly not afraid to use force or war to accomplish its objectives. A Fascist, especially a male Fascist, aspires to be a hero to his country and an ally to the state or nation of which he is a part. A woman ...
Multiple historians have touched on the change in government during Fascist Italy’s reign in World War II. In Italian Fascism: Its Origins and Development, Alexander De Grand clarifies the many promises Benito Mussolini fabricated for the Italian people in order to get them to join his cause such as the improvement on poverty with the rise of a new Roman Empire. De Grand also gives an opposite view, with some citizens seeing Fascism as a “model of efficiency.” In Melton S. Davis’ Who Defends Rome?, t...
Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany as Totalitarian Atates A totalitarian state refers to a country in which the central government exercises total control over all aspects of people's life. Main features include an infallible leader, one-party rule, strict party discipline, elitism, planned economy, an official doctrine, absolute obedience of individuals to the State, nationalism and usually an expansionist foreign policy. Up to these criteria, both Fascist Italy (1922-43) and Nazi Germany (1933-45) could be deemed totalitarian states to a large extent.
Italy became a fascist state. Italy achieved her unification in 1870. She had a constitutional monarchy like that of Great Britain, but democratic society failed to develop in Italy because the government was controlled by corrupt politicians, called the party bosses. They controlled the elections
7 May 2010 “Fascism in Germany and Italy.” Online Essays. 10 July 2007. 7 May 2010 “Italian Fascism.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia.
Mussolini, Benito. “The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism.” The Human Record . By Alfred J. Andrea and James H. Overfield. Vol. 2. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2011. 2 vols. 399-400.
Fascism is one type of political system based on the notion that some races are superior to others. Something that seems ridiculous in to enlightened modern day thinkers, which unfortunately makes it all the more difficult to try and understand for someone who has not experienced it. However by looking through history and taking into account some of the results of practised fascism, we can maybe begin to understand why so many people took up, and are still taking up fascism. Hopefully then we can understand exactly what we should learn from it, and possibly understand how we can prevent it appearing on the scale it did in the Second World War.
Corporatism was essential to the economic totalitarianism that was practiced by Mussolini and Hitler. It was adopted by Italy and Germany and eventually became a model for policy makers in Europe and the United States. Leaders in the United States instead used the term “planned capitalism” over “fascism.” British intellectuals may be the fondest of anyone who sees the positives in fascism. They too mirrored Mussolini’s ideals and felt that he was a responsible ruler who takes
The defining characteristics of the two ideologies were crucial to the nature of the regimes and their influence on the world. Fascism is an authoritarian single-party state based on “mystical nationalism, often with racist elements and especially a charismatic leader who presents himself as a national savior .” Its far-right view turned the fascist regime into a strong but notorious power. For communism, the central idea that Marx and Engels theorized in “The Communist Manifesto” is
It supports a totalitarian single-party state. Unlike Marxism, Fascism does not believe that class conflict can bring about a change, instead fascism believes that class conflict can hurt the integrity of a country. Fascism emerged in Italy in the 20th century to stop the rapidly growing workers movement which was pushing up wages and threatening revolution. Led by Mussolini they were funded by various wealthy big businesses (the rich minority) in order to smash picket lines and attack left-wing
It is true that the Italian dictatorship was more conservative in its application than that of Hitler’s reign of terror. But, both the fascist ideas and rulings of these two leaders proved to have some similarities worth mentioning. Both leaders left their countries with an economic and social debt to the Allies, which is still strong in the minds of many older members of the community.
Another reason that had a significant impact was the belief of fascists that their nations were superior to all other people. “Fascism was the governing ideology of Ge...
Benito Mussolini created a group of fascists to represent a means to stop the socialists and the communists coming into his nation. Mussolini also wanted to eliminate conflict between employers and workers, by using the corporate state. All were to work for the common good, and trade unions or strikes were forbidden. Every profession had its own corporate branch, and all problems were to be solved through negotiation. This may seem very democratic or reasonable, however the fascist state controlled the issues of the negotiating sides, wages were very low and so were the living standards.