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Advancements in allied technology during world war 2
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Italian Fascism became an extremely important phenomenon under the reign of Benito Mussolini during the Second World War. With a run of 22 years, Fascism and its creator became the focal point of Europe during this time. Many Italian citizens, as well as critics believed that Fascism could be a third option, or the in between of Capitalism and Communism, two ideals that Mussolini refused to accept. With the Allies landing on the shores of Italy in their advance to Fascist capital, Mussolini fought for his ideals while the Allies aimed to liberate the country and the citizens who did not follow Mussolini’s government. Why did Italy change from a fascist government to a new government in the siege of Italy during WWII between 1943-45? Italy fought to create a new government in place of the fascist government headed by Benito Mussolini because of the multiple failed promises including a new Roman Empire as a means to overpower King Victor Emmanuel, and to improve on the poverty. The bombing of Rome, the fascist capital of Italy, was targeted by Allied troops entering Italy in order to capture Mussolini, and the armistice that the Italian citizens believed would eradicate Benito Mussolini and Fascism with the help of the Allied powers.
Multiple historians have touched on the change in government during Fascist Italy’s reign in World War II. In Italian Fascism: Its Origins and Development, Alexander De Grand clarifies the many promises Benito Mussolini fabricated for the Italian people in order to get them to join his cause such as the improvement on poverty with the rise of a new Roman Empire. De Grand also gives an opposite view, with some citizens seeing Fascism as a “model of efficiency.” In Melton S. Davis’ Who Defends Rome?, t...
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...efection from the Axis in 1943. London: Oxford University Press, 1971.
Secondary Sounces:
Albrecht-Carrie, Rene. "The Four Power Pact, 1933 by Konrad Hugo Jarausch." The American Historical Review. no. 2 (1967): 571-572.
Davis, Melton S. Who Defends Rome?. New York: The Dial Press, 1972.
De Grand, Alexander. Italian Fascism: It's Origins and Development. Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2000.
Delzell, Charles F. Mussolini’s Enemies: The Italian Anti-Fascist Resistance. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1961.
Morgan, Philip. The Fall of Mussolini: Italy,the Italian,and the Second World War. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Smyth, Howard McGaw. "Italy: From Fascism to the Republic (1943-1946)." The Western Political Quarterly. no. 3 (1948): 205-222.
Villari, Luigi. The Liberation of Italy: 1943-1947. Appleton: Nelson Publishing Company, 1959.
Ginsborg P (1990). ‘A History of Contemporary Italy: Society and Politics: 1943-1980’ Published by Penguin; Reprint edition (27 Sep 1990).
However, Hitler came to power constitutionally while Mussolini staged a coup d'etat, i.e... ... middle of paper ... ... ifist and anti-Nazi. Seeing the fragility of the Stresa Front, Mussolini joined Hitler subsequently in territorial expansion. There saw Italian invasion of Abyssinia and Albania.
There were various reasons for the ability of certain towns in Italy to establish a certain amount of self-government. The location of the maritime cities such as Genoa was able to benefit from the crusades making them powerful. This resulted in a knock on effect to the main inland towns and cities in the north due to increase in trade. This caused prosperity and growth, because of this and also because of certain socio-economic changes originating in the countryside, the cities and towns started to break away from the old feudal systems and look to a new order more beneficial to the newly formed city classes. Their ability to consolidate this new government was due in part to the political upheaval which existed between state and church. This can be seen within the conflict of Henry IV and Gregory VII.
Mussolini, Benito. “The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism.” The Human Record . By Alfred J. Andrea and James H. Overfield. Vol. 2. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2011. 2 vols. 399-400.
Fascism is defined as, “an authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization.” Peter Hyland reports that throughout the 1920s and the 1930s, an economic depression was growing and becoming widespread throughout the world. People were losing faith in their democracies and in capitalism. Leaders who gained power supported powerful militarism, nationalism, and initiated the return of an authoritarian rule. J.R. Oppenheimer says that the rise of fascism and totalitarianism in Europe and Russia instigated a “critical step on the path to war.” In 1922, Benito Mussolini held leadership in Italy, promising a proficient and militaristic nationalistic state. During his control as prime minister, he gained a large group of followers, banned the disparagement of government, and used extreme violence against his enemies within the parliament.
Benito Mussolini became Prime Minister of Italy in 1922, the factors behind the unelected success of Mussolini has often been disputed amongst historians. Although historians agree that there are multiple contributing factors, there has been quite a difference of opinion in regards to the importance of each factor. Martin Clark stresses that the failures of Italy’s King Victor Emmanuel 3rd is of significance in questioning Mussolini’s rise to power. However E. Tannenbaum argues that the failure of the government and their inability to rebuild and regrow after the unification in 1870 is of importance. Therefore this essay will look into the various factors in order to reach a conclusion as to why Mussolini was appointed Prime Minister in 1922.
"The manner in which Mussolini and the Fascist Party gained possession of the government was regarded in most foreign circles as an illegal act of violence." (3) As the nation of Italy began to suffer great debts, Mussolini had been summoned by the King to form a government to aid in the economic needs. This marked the birth of the Fascist Party in Italy. In the beginning of his rise to the top, Mussolini was popular amongst his people. His popularity was high, and people began to trust in his judgment and ideas. (4) He was, in essence, saving the people from the turmoil that had ensued the nat...
Mussolini came into power over Italy in 1922, he considered the film industry 'the strongest weapon' of the century, and intended to exploit it.[2] However Italian neorealism presented itself as a political tool for third world audiences to fight against social problems of unemployment, poverty, famine and class conflicts.[3]
The kingdom of Italy was a fascist empire developed by Benito Mussolini, who believed in Fascism and rose into power by threatening the king of Italy. Fascist Italy tried reviving what they had back when the Roman Empire was the top dog, even if it meant committing war crimes and atrocities that some would argue are as bad as the Nazi war crimes during WW2. From siding with Nazi Germany during one of the bloodiest wars in history to invading a poorly equipped African nation, there is an abundant amount of evidence that proves Italy committed crimes comparable to Germany in many ways.
The Importance of the Economic Factors in the Rise to Power of the Fascist Party in Italy
The positive effects of Benito Mussolini’s reign in Italy benefitted the country greatly. By putting Cesare Mori in charge of eliminating the mafia, he caused 11,000 of Italy’s criminals to be arrested, which caused the country’s crime rates to plummet. The nearly absolute end of the mafia brought peace and order to Italy, which the country’s citizens desperately needed. He also defended his country’s interests by going against the allies for not giving Italy the land that was promised to them if they joined them in the first world war. Mussolini also upgraded infrastructure in Italy and improved the Italian economy.
Mussolini came into power in 1922 and sought to make Fascism the only party in Italy, because he believed it was superior to all other parties. Both Mussolini and Hitler wanted to create a better economy for their countries, and had big plans to change the way their countries viewed things. Mussolini abolished democracy, and would not listen and shunned any ideas or citizens who opposed his political views. Although the men were quite similar in the ways they set goals for their countries, Hitler was extreme in his plans for future Germany. According to the lecture, Hitler’s plans were to make it known the Germans were the superior race, Jews and Gypsies were subhuman, Hitler promised to take back the land taken from the after the war, and Lebensraum. Both men had their countries became a part of the Axis powers, and along with Japan became Fascist nations. Mussolini’s rise to power came through his influence on the fascists people. According to the lecture it was fascists that marched to Rome in October 1922, and the people demanded that the king put Mussolini in charge of the government. It was through fear that Mussolini gained his power. Hitler on the other hand was
Before 1860 Italy was a collection of independent states controlled by other European powers or the rich noble families of the region. After Napoleon’s defeat in 1815, the Congress of Vienna split Italy into eight independent states with major influences from the surrounding powers of Spain, France and especially Austria. Uprisings against the state governments swept the country, but were suppressed by the Habsbergs1 in Northern Italy. This however, was soon to change. Giuseppe Mazzini, Count Camilo Benso Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi organized and inspired the people of Italy to unite and support a solid constitution which was not only key to unification but gave long term stability to Italy.
After W.W.I the governments were weak. There was rising unemployment and this led to unrest in many cities, many people began to support the communist.. Mussolini promised to rebuild Italy and recreate the Roman Empire. He organized armed gangs, called the blackshirts, who dealt with criminals and troublemakers and they also broke up strikes. In some cities the fascists were a police force.
This change was instituted by the Nazi’s and their leader Hitler. Germany’s change to fascism was similar to Italy as it was done following ...