Another idea from my psychology courses is the diagnostic criteria. I actually received a copy of the DSM while interning with Kassandra, and I can see all of the criteria for different diagnoses along with the reason for separation. For example, there are several diagnoses for adjustment disorder, and the professional diagnosing the client has to distinguish which type of adjustment disorder the client has. For adjustment disorders, there is unspecified, with depression, with anxiety and depressed mood, and so on. I really never thought about that in detail, but since working with Kassandra, I have learned that this can be a lengthy process with some clients and that no two clients are ever alike. Another facet of the diagnostic criteria …show more content…
Since I do interact with elderly clients as well, I can see how relationships and socialization are vital for their well-being and what happens when they do not get this socialization with others. Older people may have depression and not realize it or seek treatment. There are many things that can lead to depression, and the most common that I have seen are the loss of a spouse, family member, friend, chronic illness, and isolation. I have seen depression in older adults due to mostly these reasons, and their family members do not always realize the situation, but there are instances where family members can tell that their loved one is not adjusting well to either a loss or illness. It is so important for them to seek treatment because they could become further isolated if they do not. Counseling is all about trying to find different ways of coping and how to change negative behaviors to positively impact (and even change) a client’s life, and I think that sometimes the elderly are a bit overlooked when it comes to mental
As a result, I am learning how to assist clients without labeling the client and developing a proper diagnosis. Assessing client problems should happen throughout the counseling process. In the beginning, counselors get background information on their clients to help the counselor develop a diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Correct diagnosis of clients is vital to receive reimbursement from insurance companies for counseling services. Assessments help the counselor determine an appropriate treatment for the client. Assessments can help clients realize their strengths and weaknesses (Whiston, 2017). Helping the client understand their strengths can assist the client in building confidence, reach the clients counseling goal, and implement healthy choices in the client’s
This method is grounded in the strengths perspective, a perspective in which the worker center’s their sessions around the clients’ abilities, gifts, and strengths (Shulman, 2016). Instead of focusing on what is wrong with the client, the worker highlights what is right with the client building on their strengths instead of emphasizing their deficits: the client already has what they need to get better or solve their problem (Corcoran, 2008). The role of the worker in this model is to help the client recognize their potential, recognize what resources they already have, and discuss what is going well for the client and what they have been able to accomplish already (Shulman, 2016). Techniques commonly used in this model, although they are not exclusive to this model, include an emphasis on pre- and between-session change, exception questions, the miracle question, scaling questions, and coping questions (Shulman, 2016). These questions are used for many reasons: for example, the miracle question is used because “sometimes asking clients to envision a brighter future may help them be clearer on what they want or to see a path to problem-solving.” (Corcoran, 2008, p. 434) while coping questions are used to allow the client to see what they are already accomplishing, rather than what they are transgressing (Corcoran, 2008). All
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-I) was published in 1952 by the American Psychiatric Association to define and classify mental disorders. It did not have much influence in classifying mental disorders during that time. Up until the late 1960s, when the system of nosology starts to have some real influence on mental health professionals, the American Psychiatric Association published DSM-II in 1968. DSM-I and DSM-II system lacked precise descriptions of the disorders and relied heavily on unproven and unpopular theories. Therefore, the third edition of the DSM was published in 1980 to make new reforms to its predecessors. One of the changes was more specific classification of the disorders and being more precise. For example, phobia
Using a client-centered framework, a psychotherapist can conceptualize a client’s symptoms in a variety of different ways based on the symptoms that they present. For clients like Mary, the psychotherapist would first conceptualize her symptoms, and then treat these symptoms overtime in therapy sessions. As clients continue to attend these sessions, there is usually some type of improvement that is seen overtime. This improvement may also lead to a change in their attitude and behavior. Within these sessions as well, the therapist looks at factors outside of therapy that may indicate that the client has improved. If the client indeed shows improvement based off of these factors, there are final results that can be clearly witnessed. Mary is truly an amazing client to focus on in order to visualize how this process works from the eyes of a psychotherapist.
Diagnosing a patient with a personality disorders where often evaluations done by a clinician. The clinician would listen to the importance of interpersonal experiences and observing the patients behavior in a consulting room (Westen, 2001). This was normally done in one session, if the patient informed the clinician of harming himself. The clinician would diagnose the patient as a borderline personality disorders.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has been used for decades as a guidebook for the diagnosis of mental disorders in clinical settings. As disorders and diagnoses evolve, new versions of the manual are published. This tends to happen every 10 years or so with the first manual (DSM-I) having been published in 1952. For the purpose of this discussion, we will look at the DSM-IV, which was published originally in 1994, and the latest version, DSM-5, that was published in May of 2013. Each version of the DSM contains “three major components: the diagnostic classification, the diagnostic criteria sets, and the descriptive text” (American Psychiatric Association, 2012). Within the diagnostic classification you will find a list of disorders and codes which professionals in the health care field use when a diagnosis is made. The diagnostic criteria will list symptoms of disorders and inform practitioners how long a patient should display those symptoms in order to meet the criteria for diagnosis of a disorder. Lastly, the descriptive text will describe disorders in detail, including topics such as “Prevalence” and “Differential Diagnosis” (APA, 2012). The recent update of the DSM from version IV-TR to 5 has been controversial for many reasons. Some of these reasons include the overall structure of the DSM to the removal of certain disorders from the manual.
Ultimately, elderly needs the support from their caregivers, community, friends and family in order to help them look forward to life. They need counseling, people to sit and listen to them and proper medication that offers psychological and physical health. Elderly need to have goals for each day that they live so that they know that the time that they spend living is worthwhile. Deterioration of their worth is common in the elderly; they often focus on feelings of stress, hopelessness and being overwhelmed by their health and physical limits. Elders need to focus on short and long-term goals and breaking them down into smaller manageable portions; which are more beneficial for their health. These elders need to feel some levels of independence and worth, so that they do have a future to look forward to that they can be content with.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a classification system which encompasses mental disorders along with the associated criteria and is published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. xIi). The criteria are useful in assisting mental health professionals in having more dependable diagnoses of mental disorders. The DSM has recently been revised. The revised version known as the DSM-5 is a classification system including separate disorders by category. However, not all mental disorders fit completely within the boundaries of a single disorder. Within the DSM-5, different components have been added along with 9 enhancements to stimulate ease of use (American Psychiatric
An analysed qualitative study of 120 active elderly subjects found out that marital status, income and leisure activities as well as psychological factors assessed by the Geriatric Depression scale had an impact on the quality of life of the seniors citizens (Alexandre, Cordeiro, & Ramos,
Countless theories have been developed by health care professionals that have created the framework for clinical nursing practice today. Health problems, such as depression, may be treated successfully by health care professionals using the nursing process and reputable nursing theories. The most common psychiatric health condition among the elderly is depression. Sadly, depression leads to high incidences of death in the elderly population, as individuals greater than 85 years old have the highest suicide rate (Touhy & Jett, 2012).
A client has to have a genuine desire to want to be helped in order for a counselor to be able to affectively help; just as the counselor must also have a genuineness and unconditional positive regard towards their clients in order to affectively help them. Without these core conditions, there is no separation between asking for the help of a professional counselor and asking for the help of a stranger off the street. Counseling is a team effort that the counselor and the client should be completely devoted to helping, finding, and using the tools to fixing the clients
behaviors that the client may be unaware, or aware, that may be hindering communication between the counsellor and client and creating barriers.
In my previous positions, I had conducted psychosocial assessments, held family meetings and provided support and counseling sessions to vulnerable children and families with complex needs. By applying a working knowledge of child development and current psycho-social theories, I was able to ensure the best outcomes for children and their families. In addition, I have been responsible for developing and implementing the Family Group Conference service in the child protection system in B&H, based on family systems theory and systemic perspective. At a current work, I select, use and review appropriate evidences in order to develop social intervention programmes for children and youth at
The skilled nursing facility provided psychosocial counseling as well as social services to John. Also, the Certified Nurse Assistants assigned to him were aware of his emotional state. Thus, interventions were implemented. Just like John, there are numerous available resources that an elderly population can utilize to live a quality life. However, the actual challenge lies in the acknowledgment of the presence of problems and identification of such needs, both on the part of the patient and the caregiver. For instance, depression is underdiagnosed because the symptoms are overlooked and undertreated since they exhibited simultaneously with other issues confronting the older adults (World Health Organization, 2017). Moreover, elderly tends
the study of a personality through observations of behavior and mannerisms combined with various tests (Elsevier2009).