Diabetes Mellitus Case Study Answers

1. Diabetes mellitus is a disease that hinders the body’s utilization of the monosaccharide glucose due to their failure to preserve adequate blood insulin levels. Under normal conditions, when someone eats or drinks an food item with carbohydrates, the enzymes in the stomach break it down into glucose. Next, the glucose is transported to the blood through facilitated diffusion or an active symport protein pump. Then, the parasympathetic nervous system would team up with the hypothalamus to stimulate a negative feedback control reaction and downregulate blood glucose levels. It instructs the pancrease to secrete insulin, which binds to receptors on muscle and liver cells and signals them to use the extra glucose or store it as glycogen. Any

Scotty is exhbiting polyuria because of his blood osmolarity. Because his blood glucose concentration increased after drinking the cranberry juice and his cells were put in a hypertonic environment, water left the cells and they crenated. Water flooded into his bloodstream and his kidneys had to accept the task of filtering through the fluids in his blood vessels, which now includes excessive amounts of water. Therefore, Scotty will excrete more urine.

7. When blood glucose levels raised, Scotty’s blood volume and blood pressure increased. After he excreted all of that urine, his blood pressure should decrease.

8. The cell is in a hypertonic glucose solution. Water leaves cell and the cell crenates.

9. With respect to disruptions in blood pressure and osmolarity, the amount of non-alcoholic fatty liver tissue will increase. In homeostatic circumstances, insulin signals the liver to manufacture fat. As insulin levels increase because they are not binding to receptors, the liver proceeds to manufacture more and more triglycerides and cholestrol that gets stored in arteries and other organs. Insulin resistance causes hyperglycemia, which cripples the liver’s ability to metabolize lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. The brain will tell Scotty that he needs to drink more water due to excess fluid loss in his urine (Mohamed, Nazratun Nafizah, Zariyantey, & Budin,

A medical professional should treat Scotty with IV solutions rather than insulin injections because he is Type 2 and because of his polyuria. His cells urgently need more water to perform their functions and to prevent multiple organ failure, which results in death. Insulin injections would not be as effective because his insulin receptors are insensitive. An IV injection and careful blood glucose supervising should help Scotty’s condition (Middalis, Leslie, Papanas, Valensi, & Vlassara, 2014).

REFERENCES

Migdalis, I., Leslie, D., Papanas, N., Valensi, P., and Vlassara, H. (2014). Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Endocrinology, 2014, 108419. http://doi.org/10.1155/2014/108419

Mohamed, J., Nazratun Nafizah, A. H., Zariyantey, A. H., & Budin, S. B. (2016). Mechanisms of Diabetes-Induced Liver Damage: The role of oxidative stress and inflammation. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 16(2). http://doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2016.16.02.002

What Is Diabetes Mellitus: Symptoms & Treatment | Cleveland Clinic: Health Library. (2018). Retrieved May 5,