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How does technology help us
Descartes philosophy essay
Descartes philosophy essay
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In 2013 the movie Her created a whole new perspective on the role of technology plays in our everyday lives and how dramatic human dependence has increased toward technology in today’s world. The movie illustrates the life of a lonely introvert named Theodore who purchases an operating system that has artificial intelligence. Theodore decides to get an operating system with a female voice and she calls herself Samantha. As the time passes Theodore starts developing intense feelings that progress into a deep love for his operating system. This ends up with Theodore actually having a dating relationship with Samantha. If philosophers Descartes and Turing were to watch this movie they would have completely different viewpoints on the relationship …show more content…
My stance in this paper will be in regards to the same thoughts as Turing’s idea; because I believe of having a machine be intelligent is more reasonable than Descartes’s beliefs. Turing strived to answer the question “Can machines think?” To be able to think, one must possess a mind. Since the words “mind” and “machine” both have very broad definitions, it is not easy to define both words in a clear and concise manner to satisfy everyone. Turing has decided that he needs to ask a new question that is somewhat similar to the original one but contains words that cannot be easily understood. Turing would not be surprised at all that a machine like Samantha was created. Turing held a firm belief by the end of the 20th century there would be a computer with enough intellect that could fool a human. Instead of coming up with a new question to discard his original question of if computers possess the ability to think, he proposed a simple test that could determine if a machine was thinking or not. The test was titled the “Imitation Game” which involves three participants in a room. The three participants are …show more content…
I know that the answer to the long standing question of if machines can think will never be fully answered because people’s views on what the mind and thinking differ greatly. Also, the mind is such a complex topic to talk about because people only know what goes on in their own minds and not anyone else’s. Turing’s idea that in the future there would be machines that can fool humans is not far-fetched. In the world today people have been coming closer and closer to making machines that are extremely human like. Some of these new inventions include robots that perform surgeries instead of doctors. Who would have thought 30 years ago that a robot would be able to perform surgery on a human? All of these new inventions shows are world is evolving faster than we realize. After analyzing how Samantha operates as a computer system I think she has many abilities to go against Descartes. She is able to show her ability to love Theodore. Maybe, there is the argument that isn’t a true love, but as seen in technology today through Twitter, Tinder, and Facebook people are becoming more towards loveless robots. People hid their emotions behind a computer screen, and never develop a true love. People are essentially becoming computer operating systems behind their laptops and smart phones. I feel I can see in 40 years from now that most the jobs done by humans today will be
Andy Clark strongly argues for the theory that computers have the potential for being intelligent beings in his work “Mindware: Meat Machines.” The support Clark uses to defend his claims states the similar comparison of humans and machines using an array of symbols to perform functions. The main argument of his work can be interpreted as follows:
Philosophical context: I shall use Descartes’ Meditations 1 and Blackburn 's “Think” to discuss the question and my initial answer. In Meditations 1, Descartes sets out to destroy all preconceived notions from his childhood and establish a new foundation for the sciences -- a lasting foundation and explores methods of doubt to his own senses and how to deal with them properly.
This world of artificial intelligence has the power to produce many questions and theories because we don’t understand something that isn’t possible. “How smart’s an AI, Case? Depends. Some aren’t much smarter than dogs. Pets. Cost a fortune anyway. The real smart ones are as smart as the Turing heat is willing to let ‘em get.” (Page 95) This shows that an artificial intelligence can be programmed to only do certain ...
The Turing test was a test that allows humans to evaluate the question “can machines think?” Turing evaluates that one should not ask if machines can think, but conduct an experiment which can prove that it can think. In order to answer this question, Turing created
The conditions of the present scenario are as follows: a machine, Siri*, capable of passing the Turing test, is being insulted by a 10 year old boy, whose mother is questioning the appropriateness of punishing him for his behavior. We cannot answer the mother's question without speculating as to what A.M. Turing and John Searle, two 20th century philosophers whose views on artificial intelligence are starkly contrasting, would say about this predicament. Furthermore, we must provide fair and balanced consideration for both theorists’ viewpoints because, ultimately, neither side can be “correct” in this scenario. But before we compare hypothetical opinions, we must establish operant definitions for all parties involved. The characters in this scenario are the mother, referred to as Amy; the 10 year old boy, referred to as the Son; Turing and Searle; and Siri*, a machine that will be referred to as an “it,” to avoid an unintentional bias in favor of or against personhood. Now, to formulate plausible opinions that could emerge from Turing and Searle, we simply need to remember what tenants found their respective schools of thought and apply them logically to the given conditions of this scenario.
The philosopher explored the concept of a machine that looked and behaved like a human being. Following his attempts to unmask such a machine, Descartes concluded that no machine could behave like a human being and that characteristically explaining human behavior needed something beyond the physical.... ... middle of paper ... ... This argument has attracted huge considerations in the field of philosophy as physicalists try to examine it because of the problem it poses to physicalism.
One of the hottest topics that modern science has been focusing on for a long time is the field of artificial intelligence, the study of intelligence in machines or, according to Minsky, “the science of making machines do things that would require intelligence if done by men”.(qtd in Copeland 1). Artificial Intelligence has a lot of applications and is used in many areas. “We often don’t notice it but AI is all around us. It is present in computer games, in the cruise control in our cars and the servers that route our email.” (BBC 1). Different goals have been set for the science of Artificial Intelligence, but according to Whitby the most mentioned idea about the goal of AI is provided by the Turing Test. This test is also called the imitation game, since it is basically a game in which a computer imitates a conversating human. In an analysis of the Turing Test I will focus on its features, its historical background and the evaluation of its validity and importance.
The official foundations for "artificial intelligence" were set forth by A. M. Turing, in his 1950 paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" wherein he also coined the term and made predictions about the field. He claimed that by 1960, a computer would be able to formulate and prove complex mathematical theorems, write music and poetry, become world chess champion, and pass his test of artificial intelligences. In his test, a computer is required to carry on a compelling conversation with humans, fooling them into believing they are speaking with another human. All of his predictions require a computer to think and reason in the same manner as a human. Despite 50 years of effort, only the chess championship has come true. By refocusing artificial intelligence research to a more humanlike, cognitive model, the field will create machines that are truly intelligent, capable of meet Turing's goals. Currently, the only "intelligent" programs and computers are not really intelligent at all, but rather they are clever applications of different algorithms lacking expandability and versatility. The human intellect has only been used in limited ways in the artificial intelligence field, however it is the ideal model upon which to base research. Concentrating research on a more cognitive model will allow the artificial intelligence (AI) field to create more intelligent entities and ultimately, once appropriate hardware exists, a true AI.
...at today is known as the Turing Test. This was a test where a person would ask questions from both a human and a machine without knowing which was which. If after a reasonable amount of time the difference between the two was not obvious, then the machine was thought to be somewhat intelligent. A version of this test is still used today by the Boston Museum of Computers to host a contest of the best artificial machines for the Loebner Prize.
The novel, Alone Together: Why We Expect More From Technology and Less From Each Other (2011) written by Sherry Turkle, presents many controversial views, and demonstrating numerous examples of how technology is replacing complex pieces and relationships in our life. The book is slightly divided into two parts with the first focused on social robots and their relationships with people. The second half is much different, focusing on the online world and it’s presence in society. Overall, Turkle makes many personally agreeable and disagreeable points in the book that bring it together as a whole.
For years philosophers have enquired into the nature of the mind, and specifically the mysteries of intelligence and consciousness. (O’Brien 2017) One of these mysteries is how a material object, the brain, can produce thoughts and rational reasoning. The Computational Theory of Mind (CTM) was devised in response to this problem, and suggests that the brain is quite literally a computer, and that thinking is essentially computation. (BOOK) This idea was first theorised by philosopher Hilary Putnam, but was later developed by Jerry Fodor, and continues to be further investigated today as cognitive science, modern computers, and artificial intelligence continue to advance. [REF] Computer processing machines ‘think’ by recognising information
Instead, technology is continuously used and the users are so distracted that they do not see any harm being done. Technology is always updating and producing new things, the reason for this is because technology is not perfect. So this means that there is always room for change and improvement. There are still flaws in technology, including things such as printers jamming, internet crashing, and phone calls dropping. Why is it that, even with all of these flaws, people still turn to technology excessively? Turkle talks about people having the desire to have a robotic relationship in place of a real human relationship. She discusses a girl who wanted to “trade in her boyfriend ‘for a sophisticated Japanese robot’ if the robot would produce what she called ‘caring behavior’... She was looking for a ‘no-risk relationship’ that would stave off loneliness.” (Turkle 269-270) This may make you question, the same way that technological devices always need improvement, won’t the robots need improvement at one point. The robot may make a mistake or even be missing the new and improved characteristics of a human being. These characteristics can include the ability to have a meaningful conversation rather than a conversation limited to a scripted vocabulary. The individual’s personal abilities are being limited by dating a robot. A human to human
Although the majority of people cannot imagine life without computers, they owe their gratitude toward an algorithm machine developed seventy to eighty years ago. Although the enormous size and primitive form of the object might appear completely unrelated to modern technology, its importance cannot be over-stated. Not only did the Turing Machine help the Allies win World War II, but it also laid the foundation for all computers that are in use today. The machine also helped its creator, Alan Turing, to design more advanced devices that still cause discussion and controversy today. The Turing Machine serves as a testament to the ingenuity of its creator, the potential of technology, and the glory of innovation.
A handful of the events of World War remained mysteries for years and years. Decades later, one particular piece of classified information was revealed to the cities of the world. The film, The Imitation Game tells the story of solving the unbreakable, German Enigma machine, winning the war, and saving millions of lives. Throughout the film, Alan Turing shares life experiences and through his work shows the importance of perseverance despite outside disbelief and negativity. Alan never let go of his idea of a digital machine and looked past the people around him who were uncertain. Instead, he embraced those who had confidence in his ability and idea. Without his perseverance, the basic principles of a modern day computer would never exist.
In his essay, “Computing Machinery and Intelligence,” Alan Turing poses the question, “Can machines think?” (433). Throughout the essay, Turing refines the question into one that he believes can be experimented upon in the distant future. However, Turing seems to take the position that machines can, indeed, think depending on how one defines thought. Although he states that he “should begin with the definitions of the meaning of the terms ‘machine’ and ‘think,’” he never provides the reader with his definition of thought (433).