Ben Cooke
March 4th 2015
SOCY 410-001
Dr. Deanna Gore
Demographic Profile: France 1985 and 2012
Mortality
Introduction
Mortality in France is fairly typical of a developed nation. It has a fully developed water treatment and sanitation system as well as access to modern medicines and medical equipment. Its citizens enjoy access to universal education and healthcare as well. Mortality rates in France have fallen so low that death before the 60-64 age category is uncommon and death during childhood is increasingly rare. The deaths that do occur are so few compared to the population that they have little to no effect on how life expectancy is calculated. (Barbier, Magali, Depledge 2013). The driving factors of mortality in this instance are
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not exposure to disease, violence, or inadequate infrastructure. Instead the driving factors are socioeconomic status, lifestyle, and immigration status. All of these have an effect on mortality prior to and after the 60-64 age category. Mortality Structure Males, 1985 and 2012 In 1985 the expected lifespan of a newborn boy was approximately 71 years.
The crude death rate was 10.3 deaths per 1000 individuals. As shown in Figure 1, age specific death rates start low at about 2 deaths per 1000 individuals in the 0-4 age category. Age specific death rates then fall below 1 death per 1000 individuals until the 20-24 age category. Age specific death rates increase at a slow but steady pace until the 55-59 age category where the age specific death rate reaches 14 deaths per 1000 individuals. From the 55-59 age category onwards age specific death rate increases rapidly, almost doubling every ten years. The age specific death rate for the final age category of 85 and above is 243 deaths per 1000 individuals. (United Nations 1987, …show more content…
1988) In 2012 the expected lifespan of a newborn boy was approximately 78 years and the crude death rate was 8.8 deaths per 1000 individuals. Age specific death rates start out below 1 death per 1000 individuals with and stay below 1 until the 35-39 age category where the age specific death rate is just above 1 death per 1000 individuals. As seen in Figure 1, age specific death rates do not exceed 10 deaths per 1000 individuals until the 60-64 age category. The ten year doubling trend can be seen from 60-64 to 70-74 and 65-69 to 75-79. The age specific death rate for the final age category is lower than it was in 1985 with only 152 deaths per 1000 individuals. (United Nations 2014) Source: United Nations Demographic Yearbooks; 1985, 1986, 2013. Females, 1985 and 2012 In 1985 the life expectancy of a newborn girl was 79 years. The age specific death rate of girls aged 0-4 was 1.76 deaths per 1000 individuals. This rate fell below 1 death per 1000 individuals and remained below 1 until the 35-39 age category. From the 35-39 age category to the 60-64 age category the age specific death rate increased slowly. As seen in Figure 2, age specific death rates increased rapidly from 65-69 onward. The age specific death rate for the 85+ age category is 190 deaths per 1000 individuals. (United Nations 1987, 1988) In 2012 the expected life span of a newborn girl was 84 years. Age specific death rates for women start out below 1 death per 1000 individuals and remain that way until the 45-49 age category where they reach 1.69 deaths per 1000 individuals. Age specific death rates increase slowly until the 70-74 age category where they reach 10.93 deaths per 1000 individuals. After 70-74 the age specific death rate increases rapidly, with the final age category of 85+ having 120 deaths per 1000 individuals. Unlike male mortality, no ten year doubling effect was present with female mortality for either year. (United Nations 2014). Source: United Nations Demographic Yearbooks; 1985, 1986, 2013. Factors Affecting Mortality As a developed nation, the vast majority of France’s citizens have access to clean water, sanitation, modern healthcare, and education.
The issue is the level of access citizens, immigrants, and refugees have to these resources. Socioeconomic status and immigration status affects the level of access a citizen receives in addition to their knowledge of resources available to them. (Boulogne, Jougla, Breem, Kunst, Rey 2012). Individuals with low socioeconomic status are also more likely to lead unhealthy lifestyles, shortening their lifespans. (Windenberger, Rican, Jougla, Rey 2011). Immigration or refugee status limits access to the universal healthcare and education systems. (Fassin 2005). Poorer areas such as northern France and Brittany tend to have higher mortality than more affluent areas and southern France. Areas with high numbers of immigrants, such as the Siene-St-Denis department outside of Paris, also tend to have higher mortality rates. For the population as a whole, the main causes of mortality tended to be heart disease, non-communicable diseases, and cancers. (Barbier, Magali, Depledge
2013). Conclusion Mortality in France from 1985 to 2012 has not experienced any drastic or unexpected changes. The changes observed are in line with what is expected of a fully developed country in the fourth stage of the demographic transition. The decreases in mortality can possibly be attributed to improvements in healthcare technology. That being said, there are still a few problem areas where mortality is higher than the national average. These problem areas are caused by social issues that France has yet to address. France has the resources to correct this and bring mortality even lower, if they are willing to put aside their prejudices and assimilationist policies. Paper Word Count: 898 words Total Word Count: 1194 words In addition to Turnitin.com, this paper was run through the plagiarism checker at PaperRater.com (http://www.paperrater.com/plagiarism_checker) and received a rating of original work. On my honor as a USCA student, I have to the best of my knowledge neither given nor received any unauthorized aid to complete this work. I have done my best to avoid plagiarism while completing this work. Ben Cooke, USC ID 01184555
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Firstly, France has a low birth rate. Because according to the population pyramid of France, the bottom of the pyramid is shrinking compared to its middle. Also, from the numbers on the diagram, the population between ages 0-4 is about 2 million, it is considerably small given that the total population of France is 64.1 million. Secondly, France has a very high life expectancy rate. From the population pyramid, it shows clearly that the top of the pyramid is not pointy, which indicates that there are certain amount of the population that are included in that age region. Furthermore, according to the data table, there are 18% of the whole population that are 65 years old
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Mathers, C. D. (2006). Projections of Global Mortality and Burden of Disease from 2002 to 2030. Public Library of Science Medicine, 3(11), e442. April 16, 2011. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442
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