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Theory
Theory
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1. Introduction
In this simulation reflection paper, I will explain how the concepts of risk and uncertainty associated with the decision making process in the case of Rotterdam Harbor where there is a complex social, environmental and economic marine environmental quality problem. Such complexity of the nature-society interactions at its inception requires interdisciplinary approach. Thus, both the natural sciences (-part) disciplines and socioeconomic realties (social science, -part) are important to fully understand and solve the problems in the Rotterdam Harbor. In addition in this type of circumstances where the situation is in urgent need of a solution to the problem, decision making is not straightforward and rational. Hence, it needs the involvement of network of different independent actors or pluricentric form governance, where the actors may engage through conflict or cooperation, struggle, power play or dialogue or a combination of all these.
In this simulation, I really better understand the major theoretical concepts introduced in the lectures and reading materials like risk society, reflexive democracy, uncertainty (both substantive and strategic), policy networks etc. Moreover, I have been experienced how decision making is a very difficult task in complex nature society interaction. Therefore, the next consecutive part of this reflection papers tries to explain in detail about the different phases of the simulation and try to link the basic concepts that I have found important; particular incident or interaction that I have learned something significant. The last but not least, how the experience obtained from the simulation reflects the reality.
Phase 1
The first phase of the simulation is chaired by the ...
... middle of paper ...
... politics and research programmes. The risk society and beyond: Critical issues for social theory, 211-29.
BRUGNACH, M., DEWULF, A., PAHL-WOSTL, C. & TAILLIEU, T. 2008. Toward a relational concept of uncertainty: about knowing too little, knowing too differently, and accepting not to know. Ecology and Society, 13, 30.
DE BRUIJN, H. & HEUVELHOF, E. T. 2002. Policy analysis and decision making in a network: how to improve the quality of analysis and the impact on decision making. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 20, 232-242.
FISCHER, F. 2000. Citizens, experts, and the environment: The politics of local knowledge, Duke University Press.
KLIJN, E.-H. & KOPPENJAN, J. 2004. Managing uncertainties in networks. London: Routledge). McNamara, KR (2002) Rational Fictions: Central Bank Independence and the Social Logic of Delegation, West European Politics, 25, 47-76.
In Bell’s Space Traders, it was the responsibility of the president and his cabinet to make the decision. The same would probably still be true if the ultimatum presented itself for real; however, the demographics of the group would be diffe...
Bodansky, Daniel. "The Who, What, and Wherefore of Geoengineering Governance." Climate Change 121.3 (2013): 539-551. Print. DOI.ORG/10.2139/SSRN.2168850
Before the 1970s, environmental policy was not the more publicized issue that it is today. After the Santa Barbara oil spill in 1969, the environmental movement really took off. The federal government took the situation into their hands and paid more attention to environmental policy than they had been doing in the past. While the states still have quite a bit of power when it com...
In case of indeterminacy and incomplete information about the possible choices, their consequences or even the triggers and correlations among events, the decision-maker is forced to make up as many missing data as possible to guide his choice. That process is the scenario analysis; it explores the scope of the possible, not only the probable, under certain basic assumptions. Scenarios are thus the description of a variety of long-range alternatives leading to different outcomes and all the possible paths that can bring to an
In order for leaders to make decisions under risk or uncertainty, they need think about the risk involve when making their decisions. There are certain simple rules that leaders should think about when making decisions that have levels of risk and uncertainty. Levels of risk happen when a leader has to reach a decision where the result is unknown. With circumstances of risk, the leader will create a list with all potential results and give likelihoods to each result. Uncertainty is when a leader is not able to come up with a list that contains all potential outcomes or they simply are not able to give probabilities to those outcomes. As stated in the Holy Bible, Ecclesiastes 11:1-3, “Cast your bread upon the waters, for you will find it after many days. Give a portion to seven, or even to eight, for you know not what disaster may happen on earth. If the clouds are full of rain, they empty themselves on the earth, and if a tree falls to the south or to the north, in the place where the tree falls, there it will lie.” In this paper I will discuss the decision making rules associated w...
In order to know what is happening in the world around us, knowing the basic concepts of political science is required. Nowadays, it would be nearly impossible for an individual to lead a life in isolation. Every country mus...
Sinclair, J. and Diduck, A. (1995). Public education: an undervalued component of the environmental assessment public involvement process. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 15, 219-240;
Marsh, D. Stoker, G. (1995) Theory and Methods in Political Science – Rhodes R. The Institutional Approach - Ward, H. Rational Choice Theory (MacMillan)
* Fritsch, Albert J. Environmental Ethics: Choices for Concerned Citizens. Garden City: Anchor Press-Doubleday, 1980.
Wilcock, D. A. (2013). From blank spcaes to flows of life: transforming community engagment in environmental decision-making and its implcations for localsim. Policy Studies 34:4, 455-473.
Through my studies I have been exposed to many social issues that have increased my concern for society as a whole. However, certain instances such as two former Boy Scout volunteers toppling historic natural rock formation in Utah’s Goblin Valley State Park, Casey Nockett’s vandalism and graffiti of eight national parks, and the cancellation of future “Oregon Outback” bike tours due to the horrendous behavior of past participants; seem to have a profound effect on me. CNRM approaches link the concerns of conservationists, traditional rights advocates, and political reformers, in terms of social equity, traditional resource access and use rights, and local economic development. Building community relationships could very well be the key to environmental education, restoration, and the promise of
An employee does an unsatisfactory job on an assigned project. Explain the attribution process that this person's manager will use to form judgments about this employee's job performance.
Withgott, J., & Brennan, S. (2011). Environment: the science behind the stories (4th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
07 Dec. 2011. . " Eco-Friendly State Laws and Green Mandates. " Black News, Opinion, Politics and Culture - The Root.
In the terms of community investment, Cultural Anthropologist Victor Turner used the term community that emerges during a collective ritual and is characterized by social equality, solidarity, and togetherness (Liburd 1) From this perspective, Turner argues that a connection of commonality, interest and preservation are elements needed to not only increase awareness of environmental issues in efforts to secure protection against toxic agents from entry into the community. I want to argue six points to consider in building the characteristics of a community that is deemed effective in combating against environmental injustice and community disenfranchisement for the people of color. First, a community must incorporate a membership or sense of identity and belonging. In efforts to raise awareness about problems in the community, neighbors need to establish a sense of identity through actions, beliefs and shared common interest in order to bring unison in the community. Second, a community with a common symbol system such as language is often used to conceptualize community. For instance, researchers argue that technical language remains a prerequisite for most deliberative forums, often creating an intimidating and discipline barrier for lay citizens seeking to express their disagreements in the language of everyday life. Speaking the language of science, as well as the jargon of a particular policy community, remains an essential, but often tacit, credential for participation in environmental health decision-making even in the new deliberative forms. (Corburn, 43) Third, a community must have shared values and norms that support, promote and educate the ideology of environmental health issues to educate and empowers community lea...