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Women discrimination in the criminal justice system
Women discrimination in the criminal justice system
Women discrimination in the criminal justice system
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Death Row and Women In Hamurabi Law, if someone is accused of murder they must take a leap into the closest river. If the accused drowns, the accuser shall take possession of his house. If the accused emerges unhurt, then the accuser is put to death and his house is given as compensation to the accused. While the system of capital punishment in the United States is not quite as random, it has its own problems that can oftentimes cross the fine line between arbitrary and absurd. The discrepancy between white and colored male inmates is often the subject of debate regarding this issue, and while that subject certainly does deserve notice, little attention is paid to women as a group on death row. It is interesting to explore how society represents and identifies with women on death row in a completely different manner than men or even other minority groups, even though they face similar discriminations in other facets of life. Why is it that we are able to see females not as killers, but first as women or mothers? Our preconceived conceptions of “motherhood” and “womanhood” make a great difference in how we perceive female criminals, and in certain cases can be the difference between life and death. According to statistics from the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, of the 455 criminals on death row in the state only 7 of them are women . This should tip us off to the manner in which we treat female criminals, even in the most pro-death penalty state in the country. Overall, women account for one in eight of people arrested for murder in America, but this ratio sinks to only one in seventy people currently on death row . This discrepancy must be a direct result of something, and is most probably attributed to society’s perception of women that place these female criminals as women first, killers second. “It’s a reflection of society’s view that women are less prone to evil than men are”, claims Jenni Gainsborough of the ACLU National Prison Project. We also seem to feel sorrier for women than we do men, and assume that if a woman has committed a crime it is because she has faced abuse in the past (usually inflicted by a man). This is true to some extent as it is claimed that 95% of women in prison were victims of abuse , but the point is that we generally stress the importance of female abuse while oftentimes neglecting abuse endured by their male counterparts.
According to the FBI, more than 75 percent of all murder victims are women, and more than 50 percent of the women are between the ages of 14 and 29 years old. A part of that statistic is Kitty Genovese,a murder victim who is the focus of an editorial, “The Dying Girl that No One Helped,” written by Loudon Wainwright. Kitty was a 28 year old woman who was brutally stabbed to death while on her way home from work. The woman, named Kitty Genovese, lived in a pleasant, welcoming, residential area, in New York. There was at least 38 witnesses that came forward, and they all heard her cries for help, but no one came to her aid. Wainwright effectively demonstrates how society has started turning a “blind-eye” toward problems that can endanger someone's
Filetti, Jean S.”From lizzie borden to lorena bobbitt: violent women and gendered justice.” Journal of American Studies 35.3(2001):471-484. .
Capitalism also influences the institutions coupled by the markets rational way of thinking. The colleges and universities in the United States are of the assumption that where competition exists, the quality of education offered is higher. This is in comparison to the centralized planning. Furthermore, the Kemal Ataturk emphasized higher education in Turkey when he assumed power. Before his reign, the eighteenth century had witnessed the rising of schools that resembled the western style. The education in Turkey was in the hands of the clerics and institutions of Koran. These institutions had refused to offer education to the students, as they did not want to enlighten them, as this would lead them to reasoning for themselves (Guruz, 2011).
Feminist criminology looks to address this restriction by improving our understanding of both male and female offending as well as criminal justice system responses to their crimes. They also try to find ways to place gender at the center of the discussion, bringing women’s ways of understanding the world into the knowledge on crime, criminality, and responses to crime. It is obvious that men commit more crimes than women. Criminology was developed to help understand why people commit crimes so that laws could be passed to reduce crimes. Women not only commit less crimes they commit crimes that are really unimportant as to why they have been ignored since the 1970’s. Today, women are still committing less crimes but the types of crimes are those similar to men. Feminist criminology includes a wide range of theoretical perspectives and methodologies that discusses how gender forms knowledge at the center of intellectual analysis. It emphases on an extensive variety of issues related to women and crime, including hypothetical explanations of crime, responses to female offending, programming in women’s prisons, women as workers in the field of corrections, and the different needs of women prisoners. Feminist believed it is not a standardized method; it integrates the liberal feminist focus on equal
This disease usually happens in childhood. Muscle weakness can start as early as age 3, first affecting the muscles of the hips, pelvic area, thighs and shoulders, and later the skeletal muscles in the arms, legs, and trunk. Other symptoms include frequent falls, trouble getting up or running, big calves, or learning disabilities. DMD can also affect your heart, lungs, and other parts of the body. There is no cure, but physical therapy
Race plays a large factor in showing how you are viewed in society. Although there is no longer slavery and separate water fountains, we can still see areas of our daily life clearly affected by race. One of these areas is the criminal justice system and that is because the color of your skin can easily yet unfairly determine if you receive the death penalty. The controversial evidence showing that race is a large contributing factor in death penalty cases shows that there needs to be a change in the system and action taken against these biases. The issue is wide spread throughout the United States and can be proven with statistics. There is a higher probability that a black on white crime will result in a death penalty verdict than black on black or white on black. Race will ultimately define the final ruling of the sentence which is evident in the racial disparities of the death penalty. The amount of blacks on death row can easily be seen considering the majority of the prison population is black or blacks that committed the same crime as a white person but got a harsher sentence. The biases and prejudices that are in our society relating to race come to light when a jury is selected to determine a death sentence. So what is the relationship between race and the death penalty? This paper is set out to prove findings of different race related sentences and why blacks are sentenced to death more for a black on white crime. Looking at the racial divide we once had in early American history and statistics from sources and data regarding the number of blacks on death row/executed, we can expose the issues with this racial dilemma.
“The Tell Tale Heart” is known to be one of Edgar Allen Poe’s most mysterious and suspenseful short stories. The story is about a narrator who tries to convince us that he is not mad while telling us about a crime he committed. The narrator’s victim was an old man who has a “vulture eye” with a film over it. We do not know the relationship between the old man and the narrator. “The Tell Tale Heart” by Edgar Allen Poe is the most mysterious and suspenseful story because of symbolism, imagery, and the point of view.
Edgars Allan Poe’s story “The Tell-Tale Heart,” provides readers and apprehensive yet suspenseful perception. Did the character narrated really kill the old man or did he dream of killing the old man because the old man’s eye bothered him?
Duchenne Musclar Dystrophy is a hereditary disorder that is typically identified during childhood. This disorder primarily affects boys and nearly 1 in every 3,500 male children are affected (NHGRI, 2013). The disorder itself causes severe muscle weaknesses because of the body’s inability to produce the protein dystrophin (NHGRI, 2013). Dystrophin is a special protein that binds the membranes of the muscles (PPMD, 2014). This binding helps muscle cells grow and lengthen, and it maintains healthy structures for typical development. Without this protein the muscles in the human body will not grow, develop, or operate properly and progressive damage will occur (PPMD, 2014). Progressive muscle weakness leads to high amounts of bone damage, increased
From the start women who commit violent crimes are all ready in the spot-light. Society has grown quite accustomed to viewing the womens role in violent crimes as that of the victim. When the women is a violator it incites a gross media fascination as a novelty. Convicted women gain more notoriety then men who are found guilty of committing the same crime. In certain cases like Amy Fisher, Loren Bobbit and most recently Louise Woodward the media celebrate the violence of women. If it had been a man who shot his lovers mate in the head or slashed and dismembered their spouse or shook a baby to death things would be different. The media would not give as in depth of coverage to the trial and sentencing would be of a longer time. The media escalates these women to such extremes due to the fact that there are so few women who are tried for criminally violent acts. Society tends to be more sympathetic to women who commit violent crimes than men. To this day Americans are still reluctant to put women to death. The recent execution of Karla Faye Tucker had the country in an uproar. This is because women are seen as less scary and less dangerous then men.
Every male inherits an X chromosome from their mother and a Y chromosome from his father which makes him male. Females get two X chromosomes from each parent. With those two X chromosomes the female gets it helps her fight the one that does not have dystrophin protect her muscles. If the mother has a flawed gene there is a 50% chance that the son will have DMD. This makes the mother ‘the carrier’. The absence of dystrophin in the cells causes weakness to the muscles. Symptoms will show about at the age of 2 years-old. As they get older you will notice that it is affecting the body totally different. They have a sway back, their arms and legs look out of place. The male’s body that is just so badly affected has wheel chairs at a young age others have tiny crutches to help them elevate their body, helping with balance. It is very painful itself to your body.You can live up to the age of 25 years-old for the reason being that the disease is just damaging your muscles. During the process of aging with this condition there are ways to help you with the muscles. For example, they give you an opportunity to have therapy. Going to therapy helps them in some ways to build up a little more muscles even though the dystrophin is too strong it will still weaken the muscles.Lack of dystrophinweakening the muscle layer in the heart resulting in a condition called cardiomyopathy. As it affects the heart as well that puts more damaged to the males body. This
The number of incarcerated women increased by more than 700%, between 1980 and 2014 (Carson 1). Prisons were made for men, so why are so many women going to prison? Women make up just 7% of the prison population (O’Brien 80). A little more than 4% of those offenders committed a nonviolent crime. Women are more likely to commit nonviolent crimes than men. Women who are alcohol and drug abusers could resolve their problems in rehabilitation centers or join recovery programs. Since women make up such a small population in the prison they are not always the biggest priority. “Women’s biological needs, family responsibilities and unique paths to prison combine to create incarceration experiences that are vastly different from
“The Tell Tale Heart” shows the reader the ultimate battle, that being a civil war between an insane individual and their mind. The main cause of this struggle is triggered by the old mans eye. This obsession eventually leads to the unfortunate event of violence. This overwhelming feeling of guilt abruptly spoils the “perfect” plan that is the murder of the old man. Although it is perceived that the mentally unstable are immune to emotions such as guilt, the narrator is clearly overcome by the shameful murder of the old man. This proves to the reader that in the end, the sensation of guilt will eventually crash through the nearly indestructible walls of insanity.
Leadership is something that has always been of interest to me. I love to help others in need or be involved in anything that will help benefit someone else. I have been involved in a variety of leadership
... person’s life? How can the death penalty continue to be justified in the face of over-whelming evidence which shows that innocent people have been wrongfully executed, that people are not deterred from committing murder, and that, in practice, the death penalty is racially biased and reserved for the poor. In a New York Times Op-Ed piece (July 14, 1995), writer, E.L. Doctorow, speaking in behalf of an inmate on death row wrote, “If the death penalty must exist in this country, it is the burden of the public servants charged with applying it to do so only from the most unanswerable and awesome judicial imperatives--or state-administered death becomes morally indistinguishable from any other murder.” Bibliography Butterfield, Greg. Repression Spurs Resistance. Workers World. 2/24/00 pg. 7 Cauthen, Kenneth. Capital Punishment: Maximum public safety (11/18/00) Online.available: Doctorow,E.L. and Weinglass, Leonard. Race for Justice. Monroe, Maine 1995 Guiterrez, Tony. Crime in America NewYork 1997 Rubac, Gloria. Illinois moratorium accelerates anti-death–penalty across U.S. Workers World. 2/17/00. pg. 5