David Parker Ray, the Toy Box killer, was born on November 6th, 1939 in Belen, New Mexico. David committed many crimes, but he didn’t work alone. David met Cynthia Lea Hendy, who at the time was 37 years old and he was 58 years old, she would later start going by Cindy Hendy. An article published by All That’s Interesting states how Cindy had a rough childhood, a lot like David’s, where she was “Raised in an impoverished neighborhood on the outskirts of Everett, Washington, Hendy grew up with an alcoholic mother, a bartender who would routinely let her daughter go hungry” (Margaritoff, 2023). The article goes on to explain how Cindy was exposed to all kinds of physical abuse growing up, and at the age of 12 Cindy was forcibly kicked out of …show more content…
At the time David and Cindy met, Cindy had been running from a couple of convictions of her own, including grand theft and drug charges. In New Mexico, Cindy Hendy worked at a state park, where she met David Parker Ray. The two quickly bonded over their shared violent sexual fantasies” (Margaritoff, 2023). Soon after Cindy broke up with her boyfriend at the time, she moved to New Mexico to live with her now partner David. “When I moved in, he started to tell me all the women he had murdered. He said at least once a year for about forty years,” (Margaritoff, 2023). David would go into detail with Cindy, describing how he would treat his victims and then how he would kill them. This only made Cindy more interested in getting involved herself. She would soon start picking targets for David, starting with a friend of hers, Angela. “According to Hendy, while the two had a victim in their clutches, Ray would do most of the torturing while she stood by and watched.” (Margaritoff, …show more content…
To put this into perspective for our case, after getting to know Cindy, David realized that she had no one close to her that loved her and could protect her. He used that to his advantage by showing her “affection” by relating to her fantasies and giving her someone she could openly talk to, which in turn gained her trust. David Parker Ray groomed Cynthia Lea Hendy into being his accomplice, whether she would admit to that or not. The last component of routine activity theory is the exposure to motivated offenders. In a paper published by Sage Journals, “Sexual Revictimization: A Routine Activity Theory explanation” it states, “Here we argue that experiences of adolescent sexual victimization increase depressive symptoms and substance use, which increase target attractiveness and exposure to motivated offenders while reducing guardianship.” (Culatta et al., 2017). This shows that people who have been victims before are more at risk of becoming repeat victims because of the repercussive actions that they now display in their everyday lives. For example, Hendy was abused as a child and young
Quanah Parker was born in 1845, the exact date of his birth is not known due to the times and the lack of recording dates like birthdays back then. Also the exact place of his birth is unknown, it is thought to be somewhere along the Texas-Oklahoma border, but there are conflicting reports. Quanah himself said that he was born on Elk Creek south of the Wichita Mountains, but a marker by Cedar Lake in Gaines County, Texas says otherwise. There are still other places where he was supposedly born like Wichita Falls, Texas. “Though the date of his birth is recorded variously at 1845 and 1852, there is no mystery regarding his parentage. His mother was the celebrated captive of a Comanche raid on Parker's Fort (1836) and convert to the Indian way of life. His father
“Great works are performed not by strength, but by perseverance” (Johnson). Aron Ralston is a great example of Samuel Johnson’s quote. He lost his arm due to extreme circumstances but never used his handicap as an excuse to quit. His story is one that began simple enough, but it changed into one to be told for generations to come. The following will include a brief bio, the adversity Ralston faced, how he overcame it, and how this man exemplifies perseverance. Aron Ralston could not control the adversity befell him, but he chose to persevere. Even though he endured horrific odds, he never let that define him.
Many etiological theories exist attempting to explain the root causes of sexual offending. Although few provide substantial evidence and no definitive conclusions have been made, the social learning theory has been proposed to account for sex offending behaviors. Specifically, the social learning theory, or victim-to-victimizer theory, suggests sexually abused children learn these behaviors and are much more likely to perpetrate abuse when they’re older (Seto & Lalumiere, 2010). The following studies have provided substantial support for the social learning etiology. Through the use of a meta-analysis, Seto and Lalumiere (2010) concluded that sexual offending is tied to prior sexual abuse. Burton, Miller, and Shill (2002) discovered significant differences between sexual offending and nonsexual offending adolescents in the areas of sexual abuse. Lastly, Burton (2003) determined that sex offender’s methods of abuse mimicked that which was done to them. The introduction, method, results, and discussion of each study is addressed and the link between prior sexual abuse and future sex offending behaviors become apparent.
In this essay, two theories specifically focusing on sexual offending against children are compared and critical evaluated. Finkelhor’s (1984) Precondition model integrates four underlying factors that might explain the occurrence of child sexual abuse and categorizes them into four preconditions: motivation to offend, overcoming internal inhibitors, overcoming external inhibitors and overcoming child’s resistance that occur in a temporal sequence where each is necessary for the other to develop. The Precondition model provides a framework for assessment of child molesters but is criticized for a lack of aetiological explanations and for paying to little attention to cognitive factors. Ward’s (2003) Pathways model suggest that clinical phenomena evident among child sex offenders are generated by four distinct and interacting mechanisms: intimacy and social skills deficits, distorted sexual scripts, emotional dysregulation and cognitive distortions where each mechanism generates a specific offence pathway. Both theories have been influential in providing treatment goals and informing clinical assessment of child sexual abusers.
Michael Ohotto Jr Mrs.Neuberger Composition II 2-27-2024 Randy Kraft's Demise After Randy Kraft's intolerable acts in the 1970s and 1980s, his life was put in the hands of the California government. Kraft was linked to over 60 different murders, even though he was not convicted of that many. He was on a deadly streak of murders until his luck eventually came to an end when the police caught him. Kraft is known as one of the most famous serial killers in American history and will likely not be severely punished for his actions. A seemingly normal night, May 14, 1983.
It took the Witchita police force over 30 years to capture the Bind, Torture, Kill murderer Dennis Rader. Dennis Rader committed these gruesome crimes while living a separate life with his wife and two children. Between the years of 1974 to 1991, BTK was actively involved in 10 murders. Dennis Rader was a serial killer with meticulous crime scenes that led the police on a long manhunt, ending with a floppy disk. The BTK’s crimes were carefully planned and unlike any other famous serial killer.
It is a common stereotype that all sex offenders have some form of psychopathy, and therefore they cannot be treated, however most sexual offenders do not have major mental illness or psychological maladjustment (Ward, Polaschek and Busch, 2006), therefore it is not impossible to treat them. Finkelhor’s (1984) precondition model was made with the assumption that the psychopathology of an individual will only take us so far in explaining sexually abusive behaviour, Finkelhor states that 4 stages of preconditions must exist before sexual abuse can take place, these are; Primary motivation to abuse a child sexually, overcoming of internal and external inhibitions and dealing with a child’s resistance to sexual abuse, for each subsequent precondition to occur the previous one must be achieved. Finkelhor argues th...
There are always those moments when we make decisions that affect the rest of our lives, turning left when we should have turned right. The difference is that most times we live to regret those decisions unlike Carla and her ill-fated jog to her death. There have been throughout time theories as to why offenders commit crime and what drives them to go against all social norms, but now the discussion in the last 50 years, or so, has been what and how much responsibility the victim has in what makes them an attractive target and how their daily routines can even make then more susceptible to crime. The three theories of victimization I found are the Victim Precipitation theory, the Deviant Place theory, and the Lifestyle theory. Each theory has
Sexual abuse cannot be clearly defined with ease. In fact, sexual abuse is an umbrella term for any sort of situation, whether or not it involves physical contact, in which a sexually immature child is exposed to anything sexual in nature. Because no child is psychologically mature enough for sexual stimulation, the complex feelings associated with it are mentally and emotionally disfiguring. Children who have been sexually abused experience an array of negative emotions such as shame, guilt and anger, and may display oddly withdrawn or distrustful behaviors. They cannot help but feel that they somehow brought the abuse unto themselves (Saisan, et al). One major contributing factor to these severe psychological consequences is the concept of trust. Sexual abuse is, in most cases, committed by a parent or other trusted adult figure. While children are naïve on such adult topics, they can still get an overwhelming feeling that the attention is wrong, yet they are unsure of how to cope with it. If the child has an emotional atta...
Thousands of sex abuse cases with children are disclosed in the U.S. every year. The actual amount of young people that are raped and molested is even higher. But as laws change frequently, it’s still a mystery on how to treat sex offenders to prevent such crimes. “Sex offender programs/strategies represent various approaches used to prevent convicted sex offenders from committing future sex offenses. These approaches include different types of therapy, community notification, and standardized assessments (CSOM).” Most programs are held in prison and/or in the community to manage sex offenders (Olver). Approaches that can help prevent these crimes are, the cognitive-behavioral approach, which focuses on changing the thinking patterns related to sexual assaulting and also altering evil ways of sexual behavior. The psycho-educational approach is another approach, which focuses on increasing offenders' empathy for the victim while also teaching them to take responsibility for their sexual offenses. Standardized assessment tools are also highly effective, ultimately used to increase the likelihood of treatment efficacy and/or to identify individuals at high risk of reoffending. With these approaches, “it is important to include all partners who may be involved in the management of sex offenders such as law enforcement, corrections, victims’ organizations, treatment programs, courts, prosecutors and other stakeholders. These partners can provide valuable information in assessing the effectiveness and efficacy of sex offender programs and strategies (O’Donnell).”
Adolescents who are physically abused are likely to question the intentions or others as well as develop bias perceptions of social processes. A study showed that "Inmates who were child victims were more than twice as likely as inmates who were adult victims to report having suffered prior instances of physical or sexual abuse. The differences were particularly striking with respect to sexual abuse. While an estimated 22% of child victimizers reported having been sexually abused, less than 6% of adult victimizers reported such backgrounds” (Ards et al, 2001). Not only are victims of sexual abuse more likely to enact sexual violence against others they are also likely to engage in prostitution.
Research has indicated that treatment specifically for sexual offenders may lower the chance of recidivism among some sexual offenders (Terry, 2004). This specific treatment focuses on altering unusual sexual interests, modifying attitudes and beliefs that attempt to support sexual offending, increasing empathy and understanding for victims, and teaching skills that help prevent reoffending from occurring and to help offenders lead ordinary lives (Marshall, Marshall, Serran & O’Brien, 2013).
“Don’t worry about what anyone else thinks- write what you must. ”-Carl Phillips. This is the motto Carl Phillips lived by to become who he is today. Carl Phillips was one of the best African-American poets to ever live and his influential heritage, different types of education, and the occupations of his life all contribute to him being an amazing poet. Carl Phillips’ heritage and childhood influenced him a lot.
After a brief but promising career as a fashion illustrator, Raymond Loewy dedicated his talent to the field of industrial design. Loewy’s creative genius was innate, and his effect on the industry was immediate. He literally revolutionized the industry, working as a consultant for more than 200 companies and creating product designs for everything from cigarette packs and refrigerators, to cars and spacecrafts. Loewy lived by his own famous MAYA principle – Most Advanced Yet Acceptable. He believed that, “The adult public’s taste is not necessarily ready to accept the logical solutions to their requirements if the solution implies too vast a departure from what they have been conditioned into accepting as the norm.”
I hold the same view that “sex was not the primary motivation and nonsexual motives like anger, power and control and desire for intimacy often played a key role in sexual abuse and sexual assault”. It is about the mental disorder and deviant mode of sexual gratification like fantasies and patterns associated with such fantasies that lead to sex offending. When researchers tried to make clarifications on the studies of sex offending, it is particularly hard to specifically identify which type of sex offenses one committed. For instance, cases reported about child sexual abuse do not soley focus on sex as a factor, but also symptoms like depression, anxiety, violence as well as personality disorder (Beech, & Harkins, 2012). Thus, I think that clear boundaries and definitions like the period of persisting deviant behaviour have to be made in order to distinguish the types of sex offenses one committed.