The Dutch Republic DBQ
Between 1650 and 1713, the Dutch Republic faced many challenges to it's security, unity and prosperity. In these years, the Dutch Republic faced a decline in trade, increased debt, crushing military defeats and a skeptical, divided society, all of which threatened the vitality of the Republic. A major aspect of the Dutch Republic's security woes was it's coastal location and proximity to England and France. The English and Dutch engaged in many battles on the coasts of the North Sea between 1652 and 1674 (Doc 1). In this time period, the Dutch seized 500 English ships, while the English seized over 2,000 Dutch ships (Doc 3). This wide margin suggests that the Dutch had a weak military and navy who were unable to compete with England. Their weak military and navy, coupled with their coastal border with England and land border with France left them vulnerable to attacks. England and France, economic competitors with the
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When they allied in 1670 with the Treaty of Dover, and declared war on the Dutch Republic, the Republic stood little to no chance since their inadequate army and navy would be flanked by both land and sea (Doc 6). In the wake of the war, the Amsterdam City Council, who have a vested interest in the Dutch Republic and are likely somewhat biased, recognized that foreign powers “schemed” to destroy the scant remains of Dutch trade and navigation. Furthermore, Konrad Van Beuningen, the Dutch ambassador to England, in a letter to the Dutch government, in which he likely shed the Republic in a positive light, declared that England's intent was to “ruin [their] commerce” (Doc 8). An Englishman living in
In the world’s lens during the 1760s, the British empire had a clear and prominent control over the colonies. However, by the mid-1770s the Americans became enraged enough to declare war against the British for independence. Due to Britain’s massive imperial presence around the globe, the British civilians had a strong inclination for a successful outcome. Instead, the colonists pulled a surprising victory from what should have been a swift defeat. While the British had an abundance of advantages, they lost the Revolutionary War because the British army underestimated the colonists’ perseverance for freedom.
The English victory over the Spanish Armada marked the beginning of the British naval dominance in the Atlantic. England and Spain had been enjoying a peaceful relationship throughout the early 15th century. However, the relations turned sour after the Spanish backstabbed an English fleet, led by a British sailor named Francis Drake at the Spanish port of San Juan de Ulua in 1568. Drake, privately encouraged by Queen Elizabeth of England, began pirating the Spanish riches for England from the Caribbean and all along the Spanish held coasts of Latin America. King Philip of Spain, already disgusted by the religious practices of England’s royalty, began scheming for a plan to invade Britain. He sent 130 large vessels, meant to carry soldiers, to the English Channel. The once thought “Invincible Armada” was annihilated by England’s smaller, more maneuverable and better armed crafts. While the surviving Spanish ships were retreating back home, a rare September storm devastated the already diminished fleet. With a large chunk of their navy destroyed, Spain did not have enough ships or manpower to control their vast empire. Slowly, their once might...
In general we can say that the Dutch had “some” influence when New Amsterdam was grounded. Later the Dutch came to the conclusion that the reason we established the outpost New Amsterdam, to trade and earn money, was not what we expected of it. More and more people sailed to New Amsterdam and never came back. They settled and find their way into this big and endless country. Later the Dutch lost New Amsterdam to the English and they give it his new name “New York”. The bond with the Dutch and the America of today is still very good. In these day’s there is still some sort of understanding between the two countries, is this a leftover from history?
...ates the main events that made England to gain control over the Atlantic and establishing settlements in North America. It also investigates the major events that led to the demise of Spanish power in the Atlantic part of which relates to the control of England. 1942 marked a division in the modern world history. There were a number of developments that would bring enormous effects for the Old and the New World Wars. The discovery of these developments changed the diets of both the western and eastern regions. These events were not without challenges as there was competition among various nations and other challenges such as diseases, hunger, and thirst. It is important to note that the Treaty of Paris in 1763 played a significant role in ending the wars between the French and Indians. Under this treaty, Britain obtained control of lands of 13 colonies in the west.
Initially the Netherlands attempted to stay neutral during World War II, as it had been in the First World War, however, the Nazis still attacked. The final Nazi-free moments for the Dutch were those on May 10, 1940, the day Hitler invaded the Netherlands...
The conflict between England and Spain only escalated with the continuous harassment of Queen Elizabeth's privateers. The attacks by the Sea Dogs began to disrupt the Spanish silver trade, piled on with the religious opposition Queen Elizabeth faced from Catholics, along with the execution of Mary of Scots. In retaliation of the attacks from England, Phillip II formed the Spanish Armada, or Invincible Fleet. Even before the attack on England, the privateers were already at work to deny the Spanish their victory...
One of the first parts of the Dutch Republic to become challenged, which led to an overall decline, was the military or security. Most of the major threats came from foreign nations, such as France and England. One of the conflicts with the French was the War of Spanish Succession when the Dutch suffered extreme losses, having not even a hundred men left in each ...
The English became involved due in part to the Treaty of London of 1839, in which Great Britain guaranteed to help defend Belgium’s independence. Great Britain then issued an ultimatum to the Germans to withdraw f...
There was tremendous competition between European states for power and wealth. England wanted to limit France in the new world and as time went on, the conflict grew and the French and English colonies got involved as well as the Spanish ones. Both King Williams’s war and Queen Anne’s War ended in a negotiated peace and had little effect on the colonies, but both had accompanying wars in Europe. King William’s was the War of the League of Augsburg in Europe and Queen Anne’s War was the War of the Spanish Succession in Europe. In the eighteenth century, the European states depended on borrowing to fund their wars, but the English were the first not to pay off the debt when the war was over. The English instead just paid the interest on the debt, but as the debt
Cook, Don. The Long Fuse; How England Lost The American Colonies, 1760-1785. New York: The Atlantic Monthly Press, 1995 .
...n’t find any alliances. Phillip attacked anyway, starting King Phillip’s War. After the attack, the Nipmucks and the Mohicans joined him by burning several English cities.
The Netherlands has been a trading nation for centuries due to its open economy and outlook. The Dutch are seasoned travellers. They are proficient in languages and skilled in negotiating trade agreements and implementing projects against the odds.
Gunpowder’s effect on the world can be exemplified through the grand changes in weapons. This can be shown through the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 by the English navy. In this sea battle, the Spanish Armada outnumbered the English navy immensely turning the odds against the English. However, the Spanish Armada still used old boarding tactics while the English used advanced weaponry. In the end, “the English used their superior firepower to whittle away the Spanish forces” (Schlager). The English navy's victory over the Spanish Armada illustrates the effects of the invention of gunpowder. With the successful usage of advanced gunpowder based weapons, the English navy crushed the opposition even when the Spanish Armada clearly had the upper hand. The defeat of the Spanish Armada shows that weapons based on gunpowder allowed countries with smaller armies to have a higher chance in winning their fights. The gunpowder weapons proved to be a tactical advant...
History of Netherlands dates to 58 B.C. when Julius Caesar’s soldiers, the Romans, attacked and capture Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg which are called the Low countries because most of the lands are below sea level. Some Germanic tribesmen during the 800’s B.C. called the Franks drove the Romans out and expanded their kingdom called The Frankish kingdom. Later in 870 it was divided in two sections into East Frankish and West Frankish, which later call Germany and France. Netherlands was part of the east kingdom. In the 1100’s industry grew and expanded. Fishing, shipbuilding, shipping, and manufacturing became vital in the low countries. (“Short history of the Netherlands”) Germany and France soon became like the low countries and supported it. Dukes of Burgundy in 1300’s from France control large sections of low countries. Duke Charles of Burgundy became the king of Spain in 1516. (“Netherlands”)
2. Cook Don, The Long Fuse How England lost the American colonies 1760-1785, Atlantic Monthly Press, New York, 1995