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The impact of the age of discovery on the world
Effects of the age of discovery
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The Control of England in North America and Demise of the Spanish Power in the Atlantic The year 1942 marked a division in the contemporary world history. There were a number of developments that would bring enormous effects for the Old and the New World Wars. The discovery of these developments changed the diets of both the western and eastern regions, assisted in initiating the Atlantic slave trade, and spread illnesses that had a destructive effect on populations in India, and resulted in the creation of European colonies across the Western region (Cohen and Rosenzwei 124). This paper is focused on establishing the main events that made England to gain control over the Atlantic and establishing settlements in North America. The paper also explores the major events that led to the demise of Spanish power in the Atlantic. This will be done through looking at a number of factors including commerce, the rise of competing nations that presented an encouragement for the exploration and colonization of the new lands by the Europeans, rapid population growth, and new learning. In addition, it explores and explains reasons as to why Spain and Portugal were the first to be engaged in the exploration of the overseas, as well as, why France and England were slow in challenging the supremacy of Spain in the Americas. The primary sources to be used include Jamestown: 1607, The First Months, Jamestown: 1609-10, Starving Time by, George Percy, Cotton Mather’s The Ecclesiastical History of New-England, and Journey to Pennsylvania in the year 1750 by Gottlieb Mittelberger. European Expansion In the mid and late of the 15th Century, Europe attained control over the globe’s wind patterns and ocean currents and started creating a European-based... ... middle of paper ... ...ates the main events that made England to gain control over the Atlantic and establishing settlements in North America. It also investigates the major events that led to the demise of Spanish power in the Atlantic part of which relates to the control of England. 1942 marked a division in the modern world history. There were a number of developments that would bring enormous effects for the Old and the New World Wars. The discovery of these developments changed the diets of both the western and eastern regions. These events were not without challenges as there was competition among various nations and other challenges such as diseases, hunger, and thirst. It is important to note that the Treaty of Paris in 1763 played a significant role in ending the wars between the French and Indians. Under this treaty, Britain obtained control of lands of 13 colonies in the west.
“The Wreck of the Sea-Venture,” written by Peter Linebaugh and Marcus Rediker in their book Many Headed Hydra, tells the story of the shipwreck of the Sea-Venture en route to Virginia in 1669, which left the passengers of the ship stranded on Bermuda without a ship to continue the journey to Virginia. While the members of the Virginia Company made a boat to continue the journey, the remaining passengers of the Sea-Venture had to cooperate with one another in order to survive. The authors’ thesis in this document is the shipwreck of the Sea-Venture and the actions taken by the sailors portray the themes of early Atlantic settlement. For example, the sailing of the Sea-Venture was caused by expropriation. The Virginia Company advertised the New
“The early bird gets the worm, but the second mouse gets the cheese.” Of the three major colonizers who vied for control of North America from the 15th to 17th centuries, it was the early-bird Spanish who got the worm, but after all was said and done, it was England who got the more desirable cheese. After 1763, the English had control of all land east of the Mississippi river and virtually all of present-day Canada. The English were able to gain the upper hand in the conflict for control of North America not only because of military victories, but also because of good timing.
Wernham, Richard Bruce. Before the Armada: The growth of English foreign policy 1485–1588. Cape, 1996.
During the late 1600s and the to the mid-1700s, countries fought for land and power in order to have global domination. While several countries fought for the same cause, resolving their differences was nearly impossible, and this often led to more wars and conflicts. One of the many conflicts concerned the domination of North America. While many European powers competed for control of North America, Britain gained the most territory through the four French and Indian wars, King William's War, Queen Anne's War, King George's War, and the French and Indian War. As these wars progressed, Britain achieved the most success and eventually became the most dominant power in North America.
According to the hypothesis of many historians, the turning point of the war was seen when many Indian tribes went against French and showed them their backs. The British had many resources to utilize in the war and their allies who were Indians stopped supporting them. They therefore had no hopes and eventually lost in the fight and the continent was ruled b...
Rafe Blaufarb’s main argument within “The Western Question: The Geopolitics of Latin American Independence” is that of the geopolitical events that took place during 1815 to 1820. The result of the Spanish imperial collapse was significant to the independence of Latin America were impacted by Britain, France, the United States, and individuals; royalsit, privateers, and Bonapartists. International competition between the North Atlantic powers, particularly France and Britain, as well ass the effects of the Napoleonic time period effected Spanish America and Spanish geopolitics (Blaufarb, 743). Britain’s main interests dealt with free commerce between themselves and Latin America, while remaining allies with the Spanish. Their main concern
“The Conquest of New Spain” is the first hand account of Bernal Diaz (translated by J.M. Cohen) who writes about his personal accounts of the conquest of Mexico by himself and other conquistadors beginning in 1517. Unlike other authors who wrote about their first hand accounts, Diaz offers a more positive outlook of the conquest and the conquistadors motives as they moved through mainland Mexico. The beginning chapters go into detail about the expeditions of some Spanish conquistadors such as Francisco Hernandez de Cordoba, Juan de Grijalva and Hernando Cotes. This book, though, focuses mainly on Diaz’s travels with Hernando Cortes. Bernal Diaz’s uses the idea of the “Just War Theory” as his argument for why the conquests were justifiable
The Conquest of New Spain Cortés came not to the New World to conquer by force, but by manipulation. Bernal Daz del Castillo, in the "Conquest of New Spain," describes how Cortés and his soldiers manipulated the Aztec people and their king Montezuma from the time they traveled from Iztapalaopa to the time when Montezuma took Cortés to the top of the great Cue and showed him the whole of Mexico and its countryside, and the three causeways which led into Mexico. Castillo's purpose for recording the mission was to keep an account of the wealth of Montezuma and Mexico, the traditions, and the economic potential that could benefit Cortés' upcoming conquest. However, through these recordings, we are able to see and understand Cortés' strategy in making Mexico "New Spain." He came as a wolf in sheep's clothing and manipulated Montezuma through his apparent innocence.
In 1745, the French, Spanish and British Empires began competing over international trade networks and natural resources. Subsequently, each empire began maneuvers to maintain and expand possession of their territory in North America. In 1750, England and France each concluded that “Ohio country” the land west of the Appalachians was vital to their interests. (Davidson p.102) This battle of over Ohio country led the British and the French into the Seven Years’ War.
The 1600s marked the extensive colonization of both the English and the Spanish in the Americas. Even though the countries shared the desire to branch out into the unknown territory of “the New World”, Spanish and English explorers achieved this in tremendously different ways. The encampment of the Spanish and the English settlers substantially differed because of how religious views were distributed within the new world, how the natives -who were already inhabiting the Americas- were treated, and how the colonies’ economic structures turned out to be constructed.
From 1754 to 1763, the French and Indian War took place. This war altered the political, economic, and ideological relations between Britain and its American colonies. It was the last of four North American wars waged from 1689 to 1763 between the British and the French. In these struggles, each country fought for control of the continent with the assistance of Native American and colonial allies. The French and Indian War occurred to end the land dispute between the British and French. Whoever won, in reality, gained an empire. It was a determined and eventually successful attempt by the British to get a dominant position in North America, the West Indies, and the subcontinent of India. Although Britain had won all this land, political, economic, and ideological relations between Britain and its American colonies were totally annihilated.
Beginning in 1942 with Christopher Columbus, the New World was conquered by Spain’s Empire which established much of South America, the United States and the Caribbean. When the Spanish first arrived, their mission was to see what the land had to offer as well as convert the indigenous people. What was not expected for the Spaniards to bring was disease and hardship of the land’s people. Spain began to abuse the land, turn its people into hard labor workers and to gain wealth from all the many riches the New World had to offer. Once the Spanish empire gained control of the New World it became the most powerful and biggest European empire since ancient times. Spain took from the land and used its wealth for their own personal gain. But it was only a matter of time before problems began to take place within the New World.
The History of colonial North America is primarily centered on the struggle of England, France and Spain to gain control of the continent. Settlers crossed the Atlantic for different reasons, and their governments took different approaches to their colonizing efforts. These differences created both advantages and disadvantages that deeply affected the New World’s fate. For instance, France and Spain were governed by autocratic sovereigns whose rule was absolute; their colonists went to America as servants of the Crown. The English colonists, on the other hand enjoyed for more freedom and were able to govern themselves as long as they followed English law and were loyal to the king.
C. H. Haring, The Spanish Empire in America. New York: HJB Publishers, 1975, p. 1
Ideologies of colonization were different depending on the approach and administrative models that colonizers used. A comprehensive coverage and understanding of world history during the colonial era is paramount; if one wants to develop competence in identifying, which colony used what method of acquisition of territory, what the sole reason for invasion was, whether alliances were made or not, among other things. Nonetheless, of central concern is a comparison of British and Spanish methods of colonization. Significantly, the British were not mainly focused on conquering new lands; rather, they mainly searched for inhabited territories where they planted new settlers (“Differences between British and Spanish Colonization”).