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A essay on drunk driver
A essay on drunk driver
A cause and effect paper of drunk drivers
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The Aggressive Behavior Index (αs = 0.85 to 0.89, current α = 0.87) assesses the frequency (0 to 5+ with 5+ being treated as a 5 in analyses) that the person reported engaging in each of 13 aggressive behaviors while driving in the last 3 months (e.g., yelling at another driver or cutting a driver off in anger). The Risky Behavior Index (αs = 0.83 to 0.86, current α = 0.86) involves reports of the frequency (0 to 5+) with which the person engaged in 15 risky behaviors while driving in the last 3 months (e.g., drinking and driving, driving without a seat belt, or speeding 20 or more mph over the limit). Aggressive and risky behaviors correlate positively with each other, driving anger, hostile driving-related thinking, and verbal, physical and vehicular forms of driving anger expression (Deffenbacher et al. 2002a, 2003d, 2004).
The Driving Anger Expression Inventory (DAX) is an instrument used to measure ways that people express their anger while driving. (Deffenbacher, Deffenbacher, Lynch, Oetting, & Swaim, 2001; Deffenbacher, Lynch, Oetting, & Swaim, 2002; Deffenbacher, White, & Lynch, 2004a; Deffenbacher, White, & Lynch, 2004b; González-Iglesias, Gómez-Fraguela, & Luengo-Martín, 2012; Dahlen, Edwards,Tubré, Zyphur, & Warren, 2012; Kazemeini, Ghanbari-e-Hashem-Abadi & Safarzadeh, 2013). The DAX was developed because not only can the amount of anger a person has cause negative consequences on the road, but the way a driver expresses anger on the road can have a major effect as well (Deffenbacher et al., 2002, 2004a). Not only can the way a person expresses their anger effect the safety for the driver, but for others on the road as well (Kazemeini et al., 2013). People also have different ways of expressing anger even if ...
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... research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour, 15 (4), pp. 404--412. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2012.03.002
(González-Iglesias, Gómez-Fraguela, & Luengo-Martín, 2012)
(González-Iglesias et al., 2012)
Kazemeini, T. , Ghanbari-e-Hashem-Abadi, B. & Safarzadeh, A. (2013). Mindfulness Based Cognitive Group Therapy vs Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy as a Treatment for Driving Anger and Aggression in Iranian Taxi Drivers. Psychology, 4, 638-644. doi: 10.4236/psych.2013.48091.
(Kazemeini, Ghanbari-e-Hashem-Abadi & Safarzadeh, 2013)
(Kazemeini et al., 2013)
Dahlen, E., Edwards, B., Tubr'E, T., Zyphur, M. and Warren, C. 2012. Taking a look behind the wheel: An investigation into the personality predictors of aggressive driving. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 45 pp. 1--9.
(Dahlen, Edwards,Tubré, Zyphur, & Warren, 2012)
(Dahlen et al., 2012)
The first point I chose for the article is the four types of rage people have. The four types of rage, is Road rage or ‘’Mad driver disease”, Sky rage, Sideline rage, Line rage. In this essay I will explain just one of them and that is Road rage. Dianne Hales wrote in the article that American Automobile Association’s Foundation for Traffic Safety says that road rage or what they call “Mad diver disease” is getting more and more examples, as in the 1990’s the percentage increase 7 percent each year in that decade. Dianne Hales did not explain road rage in detail, so I wrote out the definition of it. This rage is a hostile or crazy action by a driver of a car or truck or other automobile on the road. This is when the driver does oral malign, intentionally driving dangerously and making warnings to hurt other drivers. Road rage can lead to assaults, and collisions that can guide to trauma to other divers and even death to those drivers. I agree with Dianne Hales that this case of rage is getting more common in drivers as I see it happen more often lately. I sometimes see people driving recklessly, like hooting the horn and diving people off the road. For example, I was with my family in
In this essay I will explain only one of them and that is Road rage. This rage is a hostile or crazy action by a driver of a car or truck or other automobile on the road and this includes oral malign, intentionally driving in a dangerous way, or making warnings to hurt other drivers. Road rage can lead to fights, assaults, and collisions that result in trauma to other divers and even death to those drivers. It can be conceived of as an extreme instance of aggressive driving. I agree with Dianne Hales that this case of rage can be called “mad driver disease” and that this type of rage do increase per year because I see it happen. For an example, I was with my family in our car and my dad was driving. It was a rainy day and people were driving really slow compared to sunny days. We were driving along the turnpike and out of know where there was traffic. There was a motor vehicle collision ahead of us and that caused the traffic. The car behind us started to honk the horn after minutes, sitting there waiting for the traffic to move. Then out of know where the driver got out the car and started to scream to move the car. It was a scary moment. Lucky for us a state police trooper seen him and told
What prompts him to write this essay, is from constantly having to deal with the same types of drivers that cause him to get angry, or rage. He was living in Miami whilst writing this, which is a city of a large population, with lots of traffic. The immediate audience targeted would be other drivers, as reading this would get his points out and maybe they’d stop doing certain things he mentioned. The secondary audience would be future drivers, as they would now know what they should maybe sometimes avoid doing. Like when he mentions “-the aggressive young male whose car has a sound system so powerful and the driver must go faster than the speed of sound at all times-”. Future drivers may read this and think twice about doing it.
Aggressive driving can also result from drunk or drug driving and distracted driving. It is hence densely woven into multiple road dangers.
Dangers on roadways is an issue that describes the discrepancy between perception and reality of road rage. The media, for some odd reason, tends to make road rage a huge controversial issue. As seen on talk shows from Oprah Winfrey to CNN, they reveal to people that road rage could happen at any time and to always be looking over your shoulder. These talk shows and news programs also put fear into our minds by explaining that most roadragers often use guns to kill or injure their victims. Glassner contradicts the media's speculations by stating that out of approximately 250,000 people killed on roadways between 1990-1997, AAA attributed that one in one thousand was an act of road rage (pg.5).
Irvine; Gregory.... ... middle of paper ... ... Works Cited CDC - Injury - Teen Drivers: Fact Sheet." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Cervone, D., Pervin, L. A. (2008). Personality: Theory and research (10th Ed.). New York: Wiley.
Drunk driving has been an increasing problem for many years. One issue that contributes to this is that in the United States it is actually legal to drive with a certain alcohol percentage. The blood alcohol limit is 0.8 percent (Drunk Driving). This means that a person may drive legally as long as they have a blood alcohol percentage of 0.8 percent or under. However, even at a percentage of 0.3 there may be some impairment of alertness and concentration (Drunk Driving). Driving requires fast reflexes that may be impaired at a 0.5 percent blood alcohol level but a person with this level of intoxication is not legally drinking and driving. Many people are arrested for drunk driving. In 2009, more than 1.4 million drivers were arrested for driving while under the influence (Drunk Driving). In addition, “an average drunk driver has driven drunk 80 times before their first arrest” (Get Involved). Therefore, there were a minimum of 112 million accounts of drunk driving in 2009 alone. Drunk drivers also cause an increasing number of deaths. Drunk drivers in the United States c...
Hosking, Simon G., Kristie L. Young, and Michael A. Regan. "The Effects Of Text Messaging On Young Drivers." Human Factors 51.4 (2009): 582-592. Academic Search Complete. Web. 21 Feb. 2014
Counselors have a wide array of techniques they use to treat their clients. Not one form of counseling works for every individual seeking help. Over the past decades, mindfulness has piqued the interest of many counselors and researchers in the area of cognitive psychology. Its use in counseling has grown and is a part of many counseling processes. Mindfulness has helped to make new strides in the area of counseling and treating patients with a handful of different disorders and issues. Mindfulness is now a widely used practice, and research is still being conducted today to find new ways it can continue to benefit society.
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) defines aggressive driving as "the operation of a motor vehicle in a manner that endangers or is likely to endanger persons or property"—a traffic and not a criminal offense like road rage. Examples include speeding or driving too fast for conditions, improper lane changing, tailgating and improper passing. Approximately 6,800,000 crashes occur in the United States each year; a substantial number are estimated to be caused by aggressive driving. 1997 statistics compiled by NHTSA and the American Automobile Association show that almost 13,000 people have been injured or killed since 1990 in crashes caused by aggressive driving. According to a NHTSA survey, more than 60 percent of drivers consider unsafe driving by others, including speeding, a major personal threat to themselves and their families. About 30 percent of respondents said they felt their safety was threatened in the last month, while 67 percent felt this threat during the last year. Weaving, tailgating, distracted drivers, and unsafe lane changes were some of the unsafe behaviors identified. Aggressive drivers are more likely to drink and drive or drive unbelted. Aggressive driving can easily escalate into an incident of road rage. Motorists in all 50 states have killed or injured other motorists for seemingly trivial reasons. Motorists should keep their cool in traffic, be patient and courteous to other drivers, and correct unsafe driving habits that are likely to endanger, antagonize or provoke other motorists. More than half of those surveyed by NHTSA admitted to driving aggressively on occasion. Only 14 percent felt it was "extremely dangerous" to drive 10 miles per hour over the speed limit. 62 percent of those who frequently drive in an unsafe and illegal manner said police for traffic reasons had not stopped them in the past year. The majority of those in the NHTSA survey (52 percent) said it was "very important" to do something about speeding. Ninety-eight percent of respondents thought it "important" that something be done to reduce speeding and unsafe driving. Those surveyed ranked the following countermeasures, in order, as most likely to reduce aggressive and unsafe driving behaviors: (1) more police assigned to traffic control, (2) more frequent ticketing of traffic violations, (3) higher fines, and (4) i...
Matthews, G., Deary, I. J., & Whiteman, M. C. (2009). Personality traits. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Friedman, H. S., & Schustack, M. W. (2012). Personality: Classic theories and modern research (5th ed). Boston , MA, USA: Pearson
“The one thing that unites all human beings, regardless of age, gender, religion, economic status, or ethnic background, is that, deep down inside, we all believe that we are above-average drivers” -Dave Barry, comedian. The number of accidents over the last ten years have drastically increased, drivers are paying less attention to the road itself. Many individuals behind the wheel of a car believe that their driving does not affect the road conditions, however it always will. The driving habits of today are catastrophic due to the reasoning that the driving will affect other lives through reckless or distracted driving, and disobeying traffic laws.
III. Connection: Everday we have to deal with these people on our roads. We run a great risk just driving around the corner to go to the store or a quiet trip to church. According to U.S. News and World Report, the U.S. Department of Transportation estimates that two-thirds of fatalities are at least partially caused by aggressive driving. Fortunately, there is something we can do about it.