Cyber-Physical Systems: Are We Ready?
Cyber-Physical Systems are systems with tight interaction between the physical components and the computational resources. The way we influence and get influenced by Physical world is set to change with advent of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) [1]. These systems are made up of closely coupled actuation, processing and communication components. The impact of Cyber-Physical Systems on humans may be compared to impact of Internet. Internet accelerated the flow of information and built a whole new industry for itself. Whereas CPS could change every known industry is numerous ways than Internet. They have the capability to make IT revolution a small one. Trends assisting development of CPS are highly capable and more economic sensors, actuators, powerful and compact processing, network penetration and revolution in wireless communication systems. They would be pervasively present from something as small as a sensor sensing the electrical charge in a chip to radars tracking the storms, and system monitoring and maintaining the heath of Electric Grids at national level.
They are different from existing embedded systems, by direct interaction with the physical world and complexly networked nature. An embedded systems are characterized by the presence of microcontroller, actuators and embedded code running on them. Physical component is the addition to existing computing portion. Hence it could be said that CPS contains embedded system but the opposite is may not be true. For example a fried controller by itself is an embedded system. But once it is integrated with the communication systems and given the ability to affect its surroundings then it becomes a CPS.
There are several application of CPS tha...
... middle of paper ...
...he users.
Works Cited
[1]Ragunathan (Raj) Rajkumar, Insup Lee, Lui Sha, and John Stankovic. 2010. Cyber-physical systems: the next computing revolution. In Proceedings of the 47th Design Automation Conference (DAC '10). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 731-736. DOI=10.1145/1837274.1837461 http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1837274.1837461
[3] Americans continue to use more renewable energy sources (07/18/2013 | NR-13-07-04)
Anne M Stark, LLNL, (925) 422-9799, stark8@llnl.gov https://www.llnl.gov/news/newsreleases/2013/Jul/NR-13-07-04.html#.UpR-HuJGkqQ [4]. Neuman, Clifford 2010. Challenges in Security for Cyber-Physical Systems http://cimic.rutgers.edu/positionPapers/CPS-Neuman.pdf
[a]. Karr, A., “More ITS Sightings,” Reappeared in BE Magazine,vol. 4, no. 3, pp 6—11, Sep 2007
[d]. Medical Device Industry Assessment, 2008, International Trade Commission, Department of Commerce.
It all started in 1955 when a man who lived in the area of Loveland Ohio saw three humanoid frog-like creatures who seemed to be waving around wands that shot out bright, fiery, scolding sparks.It had webbed hands and feet, like a frog, toad, or duck.And was a couple fo feet tall, most say 3-4 feet.It had bumpy skin, and was a green chromaticity. It walked like a human with good posture, bipedally. It was said to smell like drupes from almonds, and the plant alfalfa.But yet again, in 1955 there was another report of something strangely linked to the loveland frog. Mrs.Darwin Johnson, had said that she was attacked violently under water one night, in the Ohio River near Evansville, Indiana.She
Has it been seen since? Nothing has sparked the world’s imagination and curiosity, as has the mystery behind Point Pleasant, West Virginia’s Mothman. Was there such a thing as the Mothman? The details found in all of the facts that I will show you definitely point to yes. You will agree with me after you hear about the first sightings of the Mothman, eyewitness accounts of how these sightings changed their lives, and a look at the media’s reports of the incidents that happened during this time.
Based on two stories which we learnt these days: “Harrison Bergeron” and “There will come soft rains”, we can see that in the future, technology affects us a lot. Our life will mainly depend on technology, let us see how this changed us from the stories.
... middle of paper ... ... Larson, R. (1978). The Species of the World.
... are minds are playing tricks on us and that we assume were seeing the creature. But, the funny thing is that years before her article came out Radford wrote one on Bigfoot too. It also states in the article that throughout the world there hasn’t been any blood, bones, or bodies ever found.
Arthur Grant, a veterinary student in 1934, was heading home around 1 A.M. He saw something lurking in the bushes, and it immediately bounded onto the road. He swerved and stepped on the brakes, barely missing contact. The headlight was on the 20 foot long creature that had an eel-like head and large humps on its shoulders. What is this creature? Does it even exist? These are the questions many cryptozoologists ask on a daily basis. Cryptozoology is the search for and study of animals whose existence is disputed. While many disregard cryptids, the term for these mysterious animals, there are scientists committed to finding the truth. Though there are many fascinating creatures in this field, the three most news-worthy are the Loch Ness monster, Bigfoot and Dracula.
... Novikov, N. (1946). The Species of the World. The Novikov telegram. Diplomatic History: 527-537. 8.
Chimera Reemerge.” Pacific News Service. 6 December 1995. Newspaper online. Available at http://www.pacificnews.org/jinn/stories/columns/heresies/950612-animal.html. Internet. Accessed 10 December 2003.
Few systems for example: an embedded system is safety critical when installed in a vehicle. Such systems are extremely expensive to change; others must change frequently in response to varying requirements (e.g. business systems). Systems which are very expensive to change need extensive in advance analysis to ensure
Cyber Warfare is definitely the future, like any other advancement in technology; where there is potential to harm and pacify our enemies, we will exploit it. Cyber warfare or cyber weapons are no different from any other advancements. Like the boat, airplane, and nuclear energy before it computers will and have been used as a weapon, a tool from which nations can conduct war against their enemies, joining rank with forms warfare we are already accustomed to. What makes cyber warfare different from these established forms of warfare is its capabilities and clandestinely.
Schwalbe, F. H. (1953). Of Bugs and Bombs. Retrieved 05 21, 2014, from University of Missouri, St Louis: http://www.umsl.edu/~thomaskp/schwab.htm
Warwick, Kevin. "March of the Machines" The Department of Cybernetics. Internet. Microsoft Internet Explorer. 19 April 1999 Available FTP:http://www.cyber.reading.ac.uk/cybernetics/robots/
The defining characteristics of the cyberpunk genre have been debated since the beginnings of the literary movement. Some authors, classified as cyberpunk, question the very existence of this label, while others are in constant disagreement about the traits that make up the literature. Authors such as Bruce Sterling believe that cyberpunk is the integration of technology and literature in a world where the gap between science fiction and reality is rapidly closing; however, others such as Lewis Shiner have formed the opinion that this literature is merely a product of pop culture, hence it should not have any true literary importance. Furthermore, cyberpunk is said to be the voice of the underground in modern society, and the vision of a new technological world. These theories represent the different views of the major authors in this genre, thus it becomes difficult to define a literary style from such opposing views. A more constructive method is to analyze the major characteristics and styles used in the stories considered as cyberpunk. The negative portrayal of the integration of technology and society is a fundamental tenet of the literature, because it presents a pessimistic vision of scientific advancement. The genre's dark tones, seen in the styles of it's major authors, emphasize the bleak images throughout the futuristic fiction. The constant conflict between the individual and a technologically advanced society is a major theme of the genre, for it stresses man's insignificance. These characteristics are interwoven into the fabric of cyberpunk and form a bleak image of science fiction and the future.
Since the beginning of time, mankind has waged war against each other. Over the years warfare has evolved, from fighting with sticks and stones to using gunpowder and launching missiles. The newest, and possibly most destructive, type of warfare is cyber warfare. Cyber warfare has the possibility to be more devastating than nuclear warfare.
Did your phone just ring? Or was that your computer notifying you of a new email? Since the Digital Revolution and the addition of digital electronics like the personal computer, software-based technology has always been an essential aspect of our lives. Something that would have taken up an entire classroom can now fit within the grasp of your hands thanks to the efforts of various computer scientists and engineers, making our lives much easier.