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Mild cushing's syndrome
Cushing's syndrome
Mild cushing's syndrome
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Although Cushing’s syndrome is rare, some symptoms include: thin arms and legs, severe fatigue and muscle weakness, high blood pressure, high blood sugar (high blood glucose levels), easy bruising, upper body obesity (most commonly on the face), a round, red, or full face (moon face), acne or skin infections, purple marks (1/2 inch or more wide) on the skin of the abdomen, thighs, or breasts, and thin skin. Some symptoms vary by gender. Men can experience symptoms, such as decreased or no desire for sex or even impotence while women can experience excess hair growth on the face, neck, chest, abdomen, and thighs. Women’s menstrual cycles can also become irregular or stop completely. Just because a patient may experience one or two of the symptoms above does not mean that they have Cushing’s syndrome, but it may mean they need to seek medical attention for further testing.
Cushing's syndrome happens when tissues in the body are exposed to high levels of cortisol for too long. Cortisol is produced by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex of the adrenal gland and ...
The hypothalamus releases corticotrophin (CHR), which is a chemical messenger. CHR stimulates the pituitary gland to release adrenal corticotrophin (ACTH). ACTH, which is released into the blood, then signals the adrenal gland. When the adrenal gland receives ACTH, it is the chemical signal for cortisol production. In a normal system, cortisol (an anti-inflammatory) production would stop after being released, but if there is a break down in the process, cortisol production continues, leading to Cushing’s disease....
Dupuytren’s Disease, also known as Dupuytren’s Contractures, palmar fascitis, Viking Disease, or palmar fibromatosis, is a hand deformity that usually develops slowly, usually over years. This disease is caused by the thickening and contraction of the palmar fascia. As the disease progresses, nodules progress to form longitudinal bands referred to as cords on the palmar fascia, and the finger gradually loses extension, with contractures that draw one or more fingers into flexion at the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint, proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint, or both of these joints.
Flaccid dysarthria results from damage to the lower motor neurons (LMN) or the peripheral nervous system (Hageman, 1997). The characteristics of flaccid dysarthria generally reflect damage to cranial nerves with motor speech functions (e.g., cranial nerves IX, X, XI and XII) (Seikel, King & Drumright, 2010). Lower motor neurons connect the central nervous system to the muscle fibers; from the brainstem to the cranial nerves with motor function, or from the anterior horns of grey matter to the spinal nerves (Murdoch, 1998). If there are lesions to spinal nerves and the cranial nerves with motor speech functions, it is indicative of a lower motor neuron lesion and flaccid dysarthria. Damage to lower motor neurons that supply the speech muscles is also known as bulbar palsy (Pena-Brooks & Hedge, 2007). Potential etiologies of flaccid dysarthria include spinal cord injury, cerebrovascular accidents, tumors or traumatic brain injury (Pena-Brooks & Hedge, 2007). Possible congenital etiologies of flaccid dysarthria include Moebius syndrome and cerebral palsy. Flaccid dysarthria can also arise from infections such as polio, herpes zoster, and secondary infections to AIDS (Pena-Brooks & Hedge, 2007). Additionally, demyelinating diseases such as Guilian-Barre syndrome and myotonic muscular dystrophy can also lead to flaccid dysarthria (Pena-Brookes & Hedge, 2007). The lower motor neuron lesion results in loss of voluntary muscle control, and an inability to maintain muscle tone. Fasciculations, or twitching movements, may occur if the cell body is involved in the lesion (Seikel et. al., 2010). The primary speech characteristics of flaccid dysarthria include imprecise consonant production, hypernasal resonance, breathiness, and harsh voice (...
CAH is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder and males and females are affected in equal numbers. Chromosome 6 is where the group of genes lie that causes the most common forms of CAH. Adrenocorticotropic hormones (ACTH) are released by the anterior lobe in the pituitary gland. Its role is to act on cells of the adrenal cortex which then synthesizes corticosteroids and cortisol. However, those with CAH have insufficient amounts of the enzyme 21-hydroxylase, needed to convert 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) into cortisol.
When a receptor is activated and the stimulus is taken to the hypothalamus and then relayed out to the “limbic system and neocortical areas…impulses stimulate the neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous system,” which can cause an array of issues if not careful and if the stress signal is prolonged. (3)
When someone first finds out they have Crohn’s disease, they will probably feel overwhelmed. There are so many questions. Will I be able to work, travel and exercise? Should I be on a special diet? Could my medications have side effects? How will Crohn’s disease change my life? The better informed they can become, the more equipped they will be to be an active member in your healthcare (Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation of America, 2009).
Chronic Wasting Disease is a highly transmissible, deadly neurodegenerative disease that affects cervids in North America (Belay et al., 2004; Saunders et al., 2012). There are only four types of cervid that are known to get this disease which include elk, mule deer, white-tailed deer, and moose (Chronic Wasting Disease Alliance). It has been classified has a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE), otherwise known as a prion disease (Belay et al., 2004). A prion is an irregular, pathogenic agent that causes abnormal folding of specific proteins called prion proteins. These proteins are mostly located in the brain (Chronic Wasting Disease Alliance). The abnormal folding of this protein causes neurodegenerative diseases in a variety of species including humans, sheep, cattle, and deer (Abrams et al., 2011).
Cortisol is in the class of hormones called glucocorticoids and affects almost every organ in the body. One of the most important functions of cortisol is to help regulate the body’s response to stress. Cortisol is also responsible for other necessary functions including: helping to maintain blood pressure and cardiovascular functions, helping to slow the immune system’s inflammatory response, helping to balance the effects of insulin in breaking down sugars for energy, helping to regulate the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, and helping to maintain proper arousal of sense of well being. The amount of cortisol is precisely balanced and regulated by the brain’s hypothalamus.
The endocrine system is very dynamic and has ties to most, if not all of the other major systems of the body. It is responsible for production of hormones and the regulation of them as well. These hormones act as chemical messengers within the body. Through several differing mechanisms, they are able to trigger very specific responses in target cells or organs. This is what enables the endocrine system to guide growth, development, reproduction, and behavior, among many others as well.
Cushing syndrome was named after Harvey Cushing in 1912. “Harvey Cushing first described the symptom complex of obesity, diabetes, hirsutism, and adrenal hyperplasia. He gave a vivid description of his first patient who was 23 years old and presented with the “most extraordinary appearance”” (“Osler’s phenomenon”: misdiagnosing Cushing’s syndrome; Postgraduate Medical Journal; October 2003). Although, Sir William Osier was the first to describe the symptoms of Cushing’s, but diagnosed his patient with myxoedema by mistake. Unfortunately many people were misdiagnosed, therefore, leading to mortality. In 1933, Cushing performed his first neurosurgery on his patient, which did not gain acceptance until much later. “Adrenal surgery was for many years the treatment of hypercorticism but prior to the availability of glucocorticosteroids substitution an extremely perilous undertaking” (Cushing’s syndrome: Historical Aspects, Lindholm J., October 2000).
Ways to early detect would be self-breast exams at home, annual mammograms and genetic testing for the BCRA1 and the BCRA2 abnormal gene. It has been said that when people are tested for the abnormal gene and are found to carry it, it is normally passed from either parent. Not only do women develop breast cancer, but men are also at risk. If detection is caught early enough there can be a high survival rate. Some symptoms and signs are a lump, change in size or shape of breast, nipple pain, discharge or bleeding of the nipple, change of skin color and texture, or breast becoming swollen or feels warm. It is advised to seek medical attention upon discovery of signs and symptoms. It can possibly allow a better treatment option for
High cholesterol rarely shows any warning signs. Soft, yellowish skin growths called xanthomas, usually in the area near the eyes. Some men develop impotence as the arteries begin to clog up.
Maglione-Garves, Christine A, Len Kravitz and Suzzane Schneider. Cortisol Connection: Tips on Managing Stress and Weight. n.d. Web. 22 Oct. 2013.
The symptoms of psoriasis differ from type to type, although inflamed, scaly lesions are present in all five types. The most common form of the disease, plaque psoriasis, is identified by small bumps that begin to grow and become scaly. These lesions flake easily, but removing these patches can cause the tender skin below to bleed. In the Guttate type, small, individual, red drops form. This type does not have as much scaling as plaque psoriasis. The drops usually clear up on their own, but may also reappear as a different form of psoriasis, usually plaque. Inverse psoriasis usually occurs in places where the skin folds, such as the genitals, breasts, armpits or the backs of knees. This type will appear red, yet it will be smooth and dry. Also, no scaling will occur. Pustular psoriasis is a type that's significantly more rare. It is also more painful. In this type, blisters filled with non-infectious pus appear within a few hours and then dry up and peel within another two days. Severe medical risks exist for those who have this particular form of psoriasis, due to its side effects; exhaustion, anemia, weight loss, fever, chills, rapid pulse rate, severe itching and muscle weakness. Even less common than pustular psoriasis is erythrodermic psoriasis. This type is...
The basic definition of myopathy is a disorder of the muscles usually causing muscle weakness. There are many different types of myopathy; however the three that will be discussed are inflammatory, congenital, and mitochondrial. Inflammatory Myopathy is the inflammation of the muscles. Congenital Myopathy is a delay in motor skills, skeletal and facial abnormalities which are shown at birth. Mitochondrial Myopathies are caused by genetic abnormalities. The history of myopathy is quite unclear; however in 1999 a new discovery of muscle disease in infants was made by Professor Laing. Since Professor Laing's discovery, world-wide identification of mutations in actin, has been shown to cause muscle weakness, sometimes called floppy baby syndrome. (Perkins expert helps revolutionise world view of disease, 2014)