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Cultural and historical relativism
Cultural and historical relativism
Cultural and historical relativism
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Recommended: Cultural and historical relativism
Historiography has undergone many debates that stress and analyze historical writing in different ways. Over the years, three main approaches have been highly used. These are presented through the works of E.H. Carr, Paul Cohen, and Keith Windschuttle. By analyzing the issue of cultural relativism, I would have to identify with the approach presented by Kenneth Windschuttle.
The issue of cultural relativism has presented a change in understanding the identity of culture. What began as an intellectual critique of outdated Western thought has transformed into political justification for tribalism. By having these tribal cultures represent the only government embodiment in these areas, bloodshed has skyrocketed in a big way in the world today. This change led to cultural exclusiveness that had racial undertones. These cultures did not have equal knowledge and ability, so by turning towards tribalism the narrative that mattered would be deprived of allowing for a genuine knowledge of our past.
The approach taken towards historiography, with regards to cultural relativism, would take into consideration a variety of sources. These sources would require both Western and non-popular Western sources. Non-western in the sense that evidence that would contribute accurately to all the sides of cultural identity as well as the
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First, the cause for bloodshed could have been for any reason. Whether it be war, economic struggle and hardships, etc. there is no assumption that the direct cause of bloodshed throughout the tribal cultures of today was due to this sole governance. Second, the cause that deprived the genuine understanding of our past could be deprived from something besides and/or including knowledge and ability. Third, sources taken from throughout history. If this new type of cultural relativism prevented genuine knowledge of the past, that would make acquiring such historical evidence
Cultural relativism was introduced in the U.S. by Frank Boas in 1887 (ibid). This theory postulates that cultures must be understood in terms of the values and ideas of that specific culture; the underlying objective here was to delegitimize notions of ethnocentrism (the belief that one culture may judge another based on their cultural standards) (Miller, 12-3). Though this theory seems to provide a framework to eliminate a discriminatory belief, it would not allow then, for example, people to attack the events that took place in Germany circa 1930s-40s (Miller, 23). Critical cultural relativism avoids this ‘homogenizing trap’
Culture Relativism: putting aside any judgment or beliefs against a culture different from one’s own culture. In the narrators experience he is able to collect his thoughts and understand that their way of life is different from his own and that he must not judge them in order to truly understand them.
Cultural relativism is defined as the belief that no one culture is superior to another morally, politically, etc., and that all “normal” human behavior is entirely relative, depending on the cultural
Cultural relativism is powerful and unique, ascertaining and appreciating people cultural. Cultural relativism is unique but can be hard to understand, upsetting the views, morals, and outlines of culture from the standpoint of that civilization. When analyzing the hominid culture, it provides the luxury of understanding their philosophy from their viewpoint. Taking in another culture without being basis can be daunting. Anthropologist deliberated cultures by exploiting two methods, the emic perspective, and etic perspective.
The Challenge of Culture Relativism written by James Rachels argues the downsides and upsides to the idea of Cultural Relativism. This is the idea of Cultural Relativism: the principle that an individual human 's beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual 's own culture. It was established as axiomatic in anthropological research by Franz Boas in the first few decades of the 20th century and later popularized by his students.
Irvine, William B. “Confronting Relativism” Academic Questions. 14.1 (2000) 42. Academic Search Complete. EBSCOhost. Stratton Taylor Coll. Lib., OK. 23 Oct. 2013.
In Source A, Tom Griffiths offers a complex, multifaceted and distinctly relativist view of history. With a perspective inextricably linked to the ideas of a multitude of other historians, philosophers and thinkers, past and present, Source A considers the purposes and the construction of history, Griffiths presenting his own particular viewpoint. Source A posits that the purpose of history is predominantly to inform, with an understanding of the past offering new and greater ways of understanding the world. In regards to the construction of history, Source A makes an argument for the importance of inclusive, popular history, the significance of historical imagination, and the importance of a precise and careful methodological approach to the
Every individual is taught what is right and what is wrong from a young age. It becomes innate of people to know how to react in situations of killings, injuries, sicknesses, and more. Humans have naturally developed a sense of morality, the “beliefs about right and wrong actions and good and bad persons or character,” (Vaughn 123). There are general issues such as genocide, which is deemed immoral by all; however, there are other issues as simple as etiquette, which are seen as right by one culture, but wrong and offense by another. Thus, morals and ethics can vary among regions and cultures known as cultural relativism.
We live in a world society that is changing rapidly. It is causing people of various cultures likely to interact with each other. This interaction can be positive or negative depending on respect people have for other cultural groups and the level of sensitivity. These behaviors are directly related to the two very important concept in sociology, which are known as Ethnocentrism and Culture relativism. Negative attitudes toward other ethnic group or cultures can be result of ethnocentrism. On the other hand, positive attitude can be the result of the culture relativism approach. The purpose of the paper is to show why people need to move from ethnocentrism mindset to culture relativism .As America is becoming more and more diversit,we need
Culture Relativism; what is it? Culture Relativism states that we cannot absolute say what is right and what is wrong because it all depends in the society we live in. James Rachels however, does not believe that we cannot absolute know that there is no right and wrong for the mere reason that cultures are different. Rachels as well believes that “certain basic values are common to all cultures.” I agree with Rachels in that culture relativism cannot assure us that there is no knowledge of what is right or wrong. I believe that different cultures must know what is right and what is wrong to do. Cultures are said to be different but if we look at them closely we can actually find that they are not so much different from one’s own culture. Religion for example is a right given to us and that many cultures around the world practices. Of course there are different types of religion but they all are worshipped and practice among the different culture.
Ethnocentrism and cultural relativism are two contrasting terms that are displayed by different people all over the world. Simply put, ethnocentrism is defined as “judging other groups from the perspective of one’s own cultural point of view.” Cultural relativism, on the other hand, is defined as “the view that all beliefs are equally valid and that truth itself is relative, depending on the situation, environment, and individual.” Each of these ideas has found its way into the minds of people worldwide. The difficult part is attempting to understand why an individual portrays one or the other. It is a question that anthropologists have been asking themselves for years.
First of all, Rachels outlined the argument of the CER theory so that it can be easily to understood and critiqued. The argument for Cultural Ethical Relativism
Nearly all of mankind, at one point or another, spends a lot of time focusing on the question of how one can live a good human life. This question is approached in various ways and a variety of perspectives rise as a result. There are various ways to actually seek the necessary elements of a good human life. Some seek it through the reading of classic, contemporary, theological and philosophical texts while others seek it through experiences and lessons passed down from generations. As a result of this, beliefs on what is morally right and wrong, and if they have some impact on human flourishing, are quite debatable and subjective to ones own perspective. This makes determining morally significant practices or activities actually very difficult.
The practices of many cultures are varied from one another, considering we live in a diverse environment. For example, some cultures may be viewed as similar in comparison while others may have significant differences. The concept of Cultural Relativism can be best viewed as our ideas, morals, and decisions being dependent on the individual itself and how we have been culturally influenced. This leads to many conflict in where it prompts us to believe there is no objectivity when it comes to morality. Some questions pertaining to Cultural Relativism may consists of, “Are there universal truths of morality?” “Can we judge
Every country and tribe have their own culture, the differences can be seen through their religious and clothing habit. For example, women living in Muslim countries or practicing the religion of Islam with are required to cover themselves in hijab, a scarf that covers the head and neck, leaving their face uncovered. However, some people may see this as “weird” or even (stereotype)symbolizes them as terrorists, due to the rise of ISIS. This is all because people tend to see their own culture as the superior and standard one in the world. This is why cultural relativism is important. It refers to the idea that the values, knowledge, and behaviour of people must be understood within their own cultural context. The essay will explain that, why