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Reflection about media literacy
Reflection about media literacy
Reflection about media literacy
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Introduction
Perhaps one of the best ways to capture the attention of an audience would be to tell them they are doing something wrong. This may cause the audience to become angry with the speaker, or, if done correctly, it may cause them to listen up a little more. Either of these options, anger or piquing of the interest, still captures the attention of the audience. This is exactly what Neil Postman did when he addressed the Frankfurt book fair in 1984. Postman began by telling the audience that the theme of their book fair, 1984 by George Orwell, was all wrong. He told them that he thought another, not as well-known novel was a much better choice, and in his case, it helped to get the audience more interested, rather than stirring them
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He used a lot of logos type arguments, meaning he appealed to the logic of the audience. One way that he did this was with some startling statistics. One such instance where this was effective was when he stated “The average American child watches 5000 hours of television before he or she ever gets to school; about 16,000 hours by high school’s end. The only activity that occupies more of an American youth’s time than TV-viewing is sleeping.” (p. 449) This statistic was very shocking at the time, and still took me by surprise reading over it three decades later. This particular instance, and a few others like it, were very effective uses of the logos technique. They really drew attention to how we as a society spend way too much time on our virtual entertainment, as it appears to be taking over our …show more content…
Postman did very well with his use of Kairos, or situational based appeal in this paper, which definitely helped add more to the overall persuasiveness of the piece. One example of how he did this was when he stated: “What Orwell feared were those who would ban books. What Huxley feared was that there would be no reason to ban a book, for there would be no one who wanted to read one. Orwell feared that the truth would be concealed from us.” (p. 449) The reason that this would be effective is because he was speaking at a book fair, where people who care about books and the prevalence of reading in society, if he had done this at any other place, at a different time, it may have lost some of the effect on the audience. His use of this particular statement really would have appealed to the audience at the time because of their interest in books, and their understanding of the importance of
Barbara has many examples of the three appeals in the first chapter alone. Pathos, aimed at the readers feelings. Ethos, aimed at the reader to trust her because of her experiences. Logos, aimed at the readers intellect. These three ideas are quit easy to pick out, and give a little more weight to the story, and they make the book more enjoyable for the reader. It is easier to find the pathos rather than ethos, and logos because you usually tend to look for something in a book to connect yourself with the writer. Ehrenreich's idea to persuade the reader is to connect with them on a personal level, or even just let them in on her character's feelings, and ideas just enough to feel for her. This technique works well, because it actually gets the attention of the reader and holds it.
Summary – It is quite difficult to avoid any persuasive acts while resisting them at the same time. Being prepared with knowledge of how easy it is to be manipulated, controlled, seduced, etc. allows us to open up to the use of rhetoric.
...an is capable of persuading his audience into accepting his simplistic views of the world. He makes it easier to rationalize with his stance by his strategic use of sentence structure and word choice. When analyzing a past speech or interpreting a speech as it is given, upmost priority should be given to analytical tools for analyzing persuasive symbols and language. Whether the topic at hand is motivated by great emotions as it is here or not, the audience can easily be swayed in one direction surprisingly based only on universal comprehension.
To conclude, Postman's analysis that Huxley's vision of the future has become more of a reality than that of Orwell's. Although the present day is not exactly how Huxley had envisioned it, our society will soon reflect the one created in Brave New World if it continues to progress as it had in the past few decades. Orwell's prediction does not hold much relevance in today's society. Our government is not constantly watching over us, they have more important difficulties to overcome. Government is not concerned with the actions of individuals; they base their decisions on the opinions of the masses. Huxley's travesty holds far more relevance than the prestigious social theory of Orwell.
...to interpret the material up to the reader, but the use of these appeals help persuade the audience member to think a certain way. These analytical tools prove just how effective and in depth writers go into their material to make their work come across more powerful and influential, and each of these authors did just that.
Burkeman, like many great writers, used rhetorical strategies in his article to not only make it more appealing, but it also
Television and the visual culture are “creating new conceptions of knowledge and how it is acquired” (p. 145). Neil Postman in his book, Amusing Ourselves to Death explains the effects of television and visual culture on the youth education curriculum. Postman believed it necessary to warn society of the consequences of living in a culture dominated by television. As for my opinion on this matter, I do not agree with Neil Postman’s statements in regards to television and our youth’s education. I believe it is not the crisis Neil Postman makes it out to be.
Postman then goes on to acknowledges that there are several different places that exist in the world where the totalitarianism of thought control exists. Another well-known author named George Orwell describes this in his fantastically written book ‘1984’. Postman does not see America that way…in the way that Orwell viewed America. As an alternative, Postman believes that America is actually threatened by “an enemy with a smiling face,” where “Big Brother(George Orwell’s ‘1984’) does not watch us…We watch him” (155).
Neil Postman (March 8, 1931- Octomber 5, 2003) was an American author, educator, ,media theorist and cultural critic, who is best known for his seventeen books, including “Amusing Ourselves to Death”(1985). Postman’s best known book is “Amusing Ourselves to Death”. Since TV replace the written word , Postman belive that people would be more and more attracted to this, but he also argue that television is not an effective way of providing education after all.
In setting an agenda for his argument, Postman capitalizes on the importance of typography itself. In the 16th century, a great epistemological shift occurred where knowledge of every kind was transferred and manifested through printed page. There was a keen sense to be able to read. Newspapers, newsletters, and pamphlets were extremely popular amongst the colonies. At the heart of the great influx of literacy rates was when we relied strictly on print material, not through television, radios, etc. “For two centuries, America declared its intentions, expressed its ideology, designed its laws, sold its products, created its literature and addressed its deities with black squiggles on white paper. It did its talking in typography, and with that as the main feature of its symbolic environment rose to prominence in world civilization” (63).
Every source has an audience, and there is expected to have exigence and constraints. Everything is connected with each other, there has to be a rhetor that will teach about exigence, audience and constraints. After that, what was learned is going to be put into practice on texts or in our daily life (Gorrell 398). Throughout the letter, the mother used the same technique to approach her propositions to her daughter. She used appropriate language to obtain her daughter’s attention, there was exigence because her tone of speech throughout the letter was firm and the constraints were stated by talking about the pros and cons. Understanding the main argument is essential in persuading someone. Performing a rhetorical analysis is always needed,
How can a speech gain complete resonance, or agreement from its audience in a short amount of time? Abraham Lincoln's most famous speech was a great example for gaining the audience's spirits. ''The Gettysburg Address'' was given on November 19, 1863, after the Union won the Battle of Gettysburg. In the speech, Lincoln emphasized the importance and necessity of the Civil War, which was, in his point of view, still worth fighting, despite the horrors of the war. Lincoln did not only argue for his point straightforwardly and list several reasons to support it, but also skillfully apply to audience's rising patriot emotion along with the speech. At the end os the speech, Lincoln successfully gave his audience the passion to keep on fighting the Civil War. By building up his audience's loyal and intensity feelings as well as the speech's climax at the same time, Lincoln's strong argument and expression let people realize and remember what was worth them to fight, the Union. By fully gaining people's minds and attention, Lincoln heartened his audience, touched their deep emotion, and won his audience's resonances with him and his idea that this war is still worth fighting.
Since the dawn of time, man has always sought to manipulate and control his surroundings for his own benefit and survival. In many societies, this desire has carried itself over into public life in the form of propaganda, a “deliberate, systematic attempt to shape perceptions, manipulate cognitions, and direct behavior to achieve a response that furthers the desired intent of the propagandist” (Jowett and O’Donnell 2015, 7). One such example of modern day propaganda is indubitably the campaign ad released by presidential hopeful Ted Cruz on March 23rd 2015 entitled “Ted Cruz for President”. As William J. McGuire explains in his theory of persuasion however, failure at any stage in the persuasive process can result in
For example, in John F. Kennedy’s “Ich bin ein Berliner,” he uses words purposefully, claiming, “When all are free, then we look -- can look forward to that day when this city will be joined as one and this country and this great Continent of Europe in a peaceful and hopeful globe” (Kennedy). By stating that not everyone has freedom under communism, he intends to convince the world that communism negatively affects the population in order to motivate his audience to escape from their comfort zones and feel obligated to help make a change. Without people who created speeches like Kennedy’s, citizens would not feel very determined and succeed in overcoming global issues. Kennedy made this speech during the same time period as Faulkner’s—the Cold War era. Although Faulkner’s speech was not actually focused on worldwide issues, his hints toward encouraging the anti-Communist side of the world to stand up for themselves reveal his underlying intentions. While simultaneously describing “the writer’s duty,” he fulfills what he believes to be his own duty by implementing references to the state of the world into his speech. Writers and speakers spread information to a vast number of people without even meeting their audience face-to-face, therefore it is their responsibility to take on a bigger role than simply writing about small, less meaningful topics. Instead, they should write in order to promote motivation in their audience as much in addition to expressing their own ideas. In a world where not many humans earn the opportunity to express their thoughts and beliefs on such an immense scale, writers must use their abilities to spread information that benefits the
Sidedness messages can be defined as messages that deliver an attitude favoring one side of an argument without consideration for other possibilities. Whereas two-sided nonrefutational messages presents two viewpoints and argues the opposing view. O’Rourke suggests that one-sided messages are best when, audience initially agrees, audience is not well-educated, or the audience will not be exposed to counter-persuasion. Where a two-sided message is best when, the audience initially disagrees, the audience will be exposed to counter-persuasion, the audience has a low level of knowledge, and you want enduring results. (O’Rourke, 167).