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Cause of criminal behaviour
Cause of criminal behaviour
Relevance of criminal psychology
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The ultimate question seems to be why we behave the way we do – a simple one yet a question that most fail to answer. My own thoughts brought me to this subject after a day of searching why certain questions circulate my thoughts, or why I deal and react to things the way I do. Don’t we wonder? Before taking an interest in Psychology, naivety led me to believe that the answer was seemingly transparent. Visiting places such as Auschwitz in Poland made me think about what leads people to take such drastic actions, can the feeling of hatred actually be that strong? Could it be that something was mentally wrong with them? Or was it for nothing?
Alongside Psychology, I would like to study Criminology at University as a joint honours degree. I believe that crime is a relevant subject in today’s modern society due to issues and events which are increasingly occurring. I am looking forward to learning more about criminal behaviour, how it relates to the human brain and specific topics such as; Victimology, forensics, the psychological side of mental health and the brain and behaviour.
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However, I continued as it still gave me an opportunity to achieve the grades I needed to do what I really love, Psychology and Criminology. Although my college course is not relevant to the subject I’d like to do at University I have found links between the two. For example, when studying customer service I learnt that the staffs’ desires to do a good job are for different reasons; some may want a sense of accomplishment whereas some may selfishly just get on with it to get through the day. This links in with psychology and desires. It’s something conformity may link in with; if one member of staff sees another doing the job differently, they may conform and do the
Andrew Sullivan suggests the origins of hate to be evolutionary in his article, “What’s So Bad about Hate?” If hate really is “hard wired,” then that would mean all of the hubbub about obliterating hate is just about as useless as trying to obliterate opposable thumbs. Sullivan’s statement carries so much meaning because it illustrates such a nasty concept with an air of tolerance that is rarely ever considered. He proposes that instead of fighting hate, we accept hate for what it is: an integral part of the human experience. Instead of fighting, we should focus our energy on tolerating hate, and through toleration we can achieve much more than we ever did by trying to combat our very nature.
Throughout History our world has seen societies which have risen to power and publicity through pure hatred and suffering of others. Our past could yet, reveal the answer to the question, “Can a society based on hate and suffering survive?”. The most powerful and controversial of these societies will be mentioned and with hope, put an end to our uncertainty. The German Reich, modern day North Korea, Al-Qaeda, and the Ku Klux Klan. These listed had based their societies on hate, suffering, or both, which they have marked themselves forever in history.
Martin Luther King Jr. declared, “Darkness cannot drive out darkness: only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate: only love can do that” ( citation ) . Many people feel as Mr. King did, that love can fight hate, and ultimately love is the answer, the fixer, to this figurative darkness. The word’s love and hate express a strong and perhaps intense feeling for something or someone. However, these intense emotions are commonly used in opposition of each other. It is crucial, though, to note that these powerful emotions can easily cross lines and become blurred. Evidence of this claim is supported by Rempel and Burris’ “...Integrative Theory of Love and Hate,” which outlines what it means to love and what it means to hate, and how humans
When people suffer, especially when the masses are suffering in the same way and for the same reasons, there is a tendency to want to make others suffer more. “The stories, the murmurs, the headlines of the last few months hand imprinted in my mind the word HATE.” (page 136). This way they can feel in a position of more power, they can feel that they have more control of their lives, when compared to others.... ...
For decades researchers have speculated about the relationship between levels of violence, and societal conditions such as poverty, urbanism, population composition, and family disruption. National and international level research has concluded that each of these factors are related to crime rates and their trends overtime (Avison & Loring, 1986; Lafree, 1999, Lauristen & Carbone-Lopez, 2011). To examine these factors more closely we should recognize that they are the foundation of many criminological theories, both motivational and control, applied to the macro and individual level. Specifically, these include social disorganization theory (Shaw & MCkay, 1942), anomie-strain theory (Merton, 1968), violent subcultural theories (Anderson, 1999), social bond theory (Hirschi, 1969), self-control theory (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990), and biosocial perspectives (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1983).
Simon, J. (2010). Public Criminology? A Cool Read on a Hot Topic. Governing Through Crime.
Criminal profiling, first undertaken within the nineteen-seventies, has been used throughout thousands of police investigations from bureaus all over the globe, currently some question their practicality in police investigations. This essay argues the utility of offender profiling in police investigations. Police Investigations utilize Offender and Criminal Profiling methods because it narrows the field of investigation, needs diminutive physical evidence to begin investigations and uses victimology to predict future actions of the offender.
Criminology as a genre is defined as the scientific study of crime, as well as its causes, law enforcement interaction, criminal behavior, and means of prevention. In its own way criminology is the history of humanity. As long as people have been on earth there has been criminal activity. Much like most other work atmospheres, it was a male dominated field. A woman seeking to work in criminology was unheard of. Men filled the jobs as police officers, lawyers, judges, and politicians. However, in the 1860s Belva Lockwood became determined to pave the way for women in criminology. As a women’s rights activist, she became one of the most influential women in criminology.
Critical criminology, also known as radical criminology dates back to the concepts of Marxism. Despite the fact that Fredric Engels and Karl Marx were the founders of contemporary radical criminology, none of them gave explicit focus to crime. William Bonger (1876-1940), a Dutch criminologist was a more direct founder of this concept. It gained popularity during the early 1970s when it tried to explain the causes of contemporary social mayhem. He used economic explanations were used by critical criminology to analyze social behavior by arguing that social and economic inequalities were the main reason behind criminal behavior (Henry & Lainer, 1998). This view reduces the focus on individual criminals and elaborates that the existing crime is as a result of the capitalist system. Just like the conflict school of thought, it asserts that law is biased since it favors the ruling or the upper class and that the legal system that governs the state is meant to maintain the status quo of the ruling class. Critical criminologist are of the view that political, corporate and environmental crime are not only underreported but also inadequately punished by the existing criminal legal system.
Classical Criminology is credited with initiating the shift away from rather barbaric forms of torture. In classical criminology, the naturalistic approach of social thinkers had challenged the way of the spiritualistic approach. During this time, the spiritualistic approach was the base for all policies in Europe. This means that every crime had as spiritual meaning for which it was committed. St. Thomas Aquinas, a contributor to the topic, argued that people had a natural tendency to be good rather than evil. He also argued that because they committed a crime it did not just hurt other, it would hurt them.
The Law today is a summary of various principles from around the world from the past and the present. Early practises of law were the foundation of the law that we know and abide by today. These practises were referred to as the Classical school. Over time however, different criminologist have altered and greatly improved the early, incomplete ideas and made them more complete and practical to more modern times. This newer version is referred to as the Positivist school. This rapid change from the classical to the positivist perspective was due to the change and growth of civilization. Even though one perspective came from another, they are still different in many ways and it is evident when relating them to section 462.37, Forfeiture of Proceeds of Crime, and section 810, Sureties to keep the Peace. The Classical School of criminology’s time of dominance was between 1700 and 1800. Its conception of deviance was that deviance was a violation of the social contract. Classical theorists believed that all individuals were rational actors and they were able to act upon their own free will. A person chose to commit crimes because of greed and because they were evil. The primary instrument that could be used in regards to the classical school to control crime was to create “criminal sanctions that instil fear of punishment in those contemplating criminal acts” (Gabor 154). Classical school theorists believed the best defence was a good offence and therefore they wanted to instil so much fear into people about what would happen to them if they were to commit a crime that even those who were only thinking of committing a crime were impacted greatly. The classical school individuals operated entirely on free will and it was their ...
Critical perspectives on discipline, social control, and punishment are studied within the field of critical criminology. It assumed that human beings are both determined and determining creatures (Bohm and Vogel, 2011). In the process, they create institutions that they are capable of changing the structure (Bohm and Vogel, 2011). Critical Criminology assumes that society is based on conflicts between competing interests groups. The root of criminology can be traced back to the mid-seventeenth century. It gives homage to Cesare Beccaria, an Italian jurist and author of On Crimes and Punishments, and Jeremy Bentham a conflict criminologist who wrote Theoretical Criminology. Bentham argued that crime is an outcome of political conflicts between
Social harmony has become a powerful and popular indicator to asset a population’s quality of life. So much so, people’s attitude toward crime rates has shifted from a lukewarm state to a profoundly sensitive level. Accordingly, the public’s increasing fears have translated into more and more restrictive policies to punish crimes. Therefore, crime prevention is considered as a strategic approach to lessen the probability of criminal behaviors in a political community, and to maintain social-control following the heated debates on civilians’ safety.
This essay will examine the early approaches of criminology which aided in its development using the theories of Beccaria (theory of freewill) and Lombroso (biological theory), and will compare the arguments for rehabilitation and for treatment. An answer to what Criminology could be is that it is the scientific/theoretical study of crime and criminals which incorporates into its study both individuals, society and organisations. Criminology came about at the end of the 1700s from society’s need to understand crime in the social world. The purpose of Criminology is to give us an insight into the criminal mind/world. Criminology incorporates other social sciences such as psychology, history
Over the years I have been a faithful fan of anything crime related; the anatomy of a crime, from the crime itself, to the investigation, and finally the court for trial and sentencing. I enjoyed the process. The internet became an interesting tool for me to learn all the different things I wanted to know about the subject of crime. I would see something in the media or on television but kept a neutral point of view about technology that was used on a program. Logically speaking, if a crime could be solved in 47 minutes and DNA results took weeks or months, not minutes to process than would it not make sense that real life crimes would be solved far quicker in the name of swift justice. This is the reason why I enjoy learning in a real world environment about different aspects of criminology. I must admit I did feel as though I had a good basic grasp of what forensic science is, but this class helped to put some missing pieces in place.