1. Create a hierarchy of a 30-person police department with only 22-sworn officers. How many divisions would be created?
Most police departments utilize the traditional pyramid structure to differentiate specialized functions, authority, and leadership. Studies from Peak et al., (2012) indicate that numerous police agencies experimented with other methods of structural leadership styles, and most of them prefer the traditional pyramidal configuration because it emphasizes “rapid leadership and division of labor particularly in catastrophic incidents” (p. 28). Police departments in the United States are considered as bureaucracies for two of the following reasons: (2) heavy reliance on rules, regulations, policies and procedures; and (2) pays
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Each of the three components in the criminal justice system has a specific mission and operates on its own; however, “the actions and reactions of each with respect to crime will send ripples throughout the process” (Peak, 2012, p. 6). The criminal justice system is operated by three points of view: process, network, and non-system. A criminal justice system is viewed as a process because it contains the “decisions and actions taken by an institution, offender, victim, or society that influence the offender’s movement into, thru, or out of the justice system” (Peak, 2012, p. 6). As a process, police officers are tasked with the apprehension of lawbreakers. Next, correctional facilities resume custody of the offenders and hold them there until their scheduled trial (Peak, 2012). Lastly, the courts ensure federal, state, and local laws are applied accordingly to each incoming case (Peak, 2012). As a network, “the public, legislators, police, prosecutors, judges, and correctional officials interact with one another and with others who are outside the traditionally conceived CJS” (Peak, 2012, p. 6). The last point of view of the criminal justice system is described as a non-system. Critics who believed the criminal justice system is a non-system argued that the three segments of the U.S. criminal justice system that “deal with criminal behavior do not always function in harmony and that the system is neither efficient enough to create a credible fear of punishment nor fair enough to command respect for its values” (Peak, 2012, p.
2. Did you easily find the National Criminal Justice Reference Service when you searched for NCJRS on the search tools?
Ever since the start of using courts, the main goal of it was to deliver a fair environment where the accused could defend themselves and show the jurors that he/ she did not commit the crime that they were accused of. Sometimes this system fails us and they sentence an innocent man to jail for something they didn’t commit. The activity that I observed in the field of criminal justice was I went to the boulder court house and watched one of the cases that’s was happening that day. As I sat there watching I saw the defendant’s lawyer trying to convince the jurors that his client was innocent, I thought to myself: how can we improve the court room. Sometimes we see some cases where the criminal can be let go because of not a lot of evidence like Casey Anthony. We also might see that the case might be unfair to person being convicted of a crime that they didn’t do. An example of this is the jurors have some past experience with a person of that race and they don’t like them or they already come with a decision before they even hear the evidence found. We might also see a case where the jurors decide that the accuser is innocent even though there’s evidence that proves otherwise. The main point is how we can make
The criminal justice system consists of models and theories that often contradict one another. Of these models are the crime control model, the due process, model, the consensus model and the conflict model. In this paper these models are evaluated and defined, as well as each entity in the criminal justice systems role within each model. Policing, corrections and the court system all subscribe to each model in some way and in a hurried manner in cases that dictate such a response. As described by Erik Luna in the Models of Criminal Procedure, the following statement summarizes the aforementioned most appropriately.
There are multiple crime television shows that are based on a true story or fiction. A well known television show is Law and Order Special Victims Unit, which deals with rape and assault cases. This particular episode deals with a domestic violence case between a retired football star, AJ Martin, and his girlfriend, Paula Bryant. I will be using the National Crime Victimization Survey, which is an interview with the members in a household about reported and unreported crime that occurred within the last six months. “NVCS provides information of characteristics of victims, including age, race, ethnicity, gender, marital status and household income” (Truman and Morgan). Official statistics like the NCVS would be used for comparing its demographics
People with money think they have the ability to get away with their unlawful actions, to buy their freedom. In the show Law and Order: Special Victims Unit, in the episode “Wonderland”, Sarah Walsh was a victim of rape. She was unaware of who had raped her but eventually found out her rapist appeared to be one of her “friends” who was very wealthy. He had paid off his other victims to keep him away from the title of a criminal. Throughout the show, you can see the way people with money think about their position and the law. In the episode “Wonderland” of Law and Order: SVU, the creator portrays that criminals with money are punished not as severely as average income people. The issue of people who believe,
In this essay, I will be examining how the court system can fail to deliver justice for particular cases and people’s circumstances, as well as looking at alternatives to court, like circle sentencing, restorative sentencing and alternatives for children to the formal court system, as outlined in the Young Offenders Act 1997 (NSW). Crime is defined in the Oxford Dictionary as an action or omission which constitutes an offence and is punishable by law. On the other side of this is justice; the quality of being fair and reasonable.
The criminal justice system is a group of institutions that work together to protect a society, prevent and control crime, and maintain justice; enforcing the laws regulated by society. As the years have gone by and society has evolved; so have the criminal justice system and its methods to accomplish its role in society. This short analysis will evaluate the main facts that have been affecting the criminal justice system for decades and have influenced the evolution the justice system is enduring in a changing society (Muraski, 2009). Amongst the changes in the system, we will discuss the effect the changes have had on the citizens and how their perceptions have evolved as well.
The police in the United States established four innovative features: hierarchical organization, communication capacity, uniforms and patrolling. (Monkkonen, 1992). Hierarchy gave the police an ordered and centralized system similar to the military ranking system; for example Sergeants and Colonels, which are rankings found in both military and domestic police. Even with the absence of electronic communication systems in the past, the police had the communication capacity to relay information through their recognized chain of command. Citizens reported any offenses to officers who would relay the message to police headquarters. Uniforms made the police more visible to the public, hence making them more accessible. Lastly, patrolling made the police more active in communities, which was a tactic used to hopefully prevent crime by instilling a police
In history, crimes have been dealt with by the justice system according to its severity as well as the offender: if the crime committed was not very serious and the offender was deemed “non-delinquent”, or “free of any real criminal disposition”, they would be cautioned or fined. However, were the crime a more serious one and the offender appeared to have a “criminal character”, they would receive more severe and more deterrent punishment (Garland, 2001: 42).
The Political Era of policing occurred in the early 1800’s and lasted until the 1930’s, and was under the direct influence of the local government and politicians. There were benefits of political influence; police departments began to develop intimate relationships within their communities offering a wide array of services to citizens. For example, the police worked soup kitchens and provided temporary housing for immigrants searching for work (Peak, 2015). In addition to providing an array of services to the community, officers were integrated into neighborhoods, which helped to prevent and contain riots. Typically, officers were assigned to neighborhoods where they lived or had the same ethnic background. Police departments
By the turn of the twentieth century, criticism was developing over the ineffective and illegitimate character of local police departments. During this time period, the Progressive Era, many changes were taking place in America. Urbanization was bringing many people to large, increasingly industrial cities of the day. City officials were required to redesign many facets of urban life as cities continued to grow. This atmosphere of reform was also carried over into policing. Roberg et al. argues that the 1920s to 1960s were “probably the most significant period in the development of policing in the United States” (2012). During this time period, the foundations of professionalization were laid down. The reform model of policing dominated police work during this time period (Roberg et al. 2012). This model was characterized by a commitment to base the police-community relationship on law and police policy. It was now understood that police action should not be influenced by politics or personal opinions. To avoid this, police departments were now efficiently and centrally m...
The offence Harry would be charged with is William’s murder. The area of Law that this case is concerned with is criminal law (homicide). The two offences that constitute homicide are murder and manslaughter. The classic definition of murder was set by Sir Edward Coke (Institutes of the Laws of England, 1797). Murder is defined by the Law as causing the death of a human being within the Queen’s peace with the intention to kill or cause grievous bodily harm. It comprises of 2 elements. These are the actus reus (guilty act) and the mens rea (intention).
All organizations, especially law enforcement agencies, require leadership. Maintaining a dependable leadership structure is key to the success of any organization. The philosophy of the modern style of police leadership involves a leader who is strong, competitive and unreceptive to change. Police leadership is based from an autocratic style which is founded on integrity and courage, embracing teamwork, involvement and shared leadership (Cordner & Scarborough, 2010). This style of leadership works well in an emergency situation in which rapid decision making and strict control is needed. The negative aspect to this style of leadership is the inability of the organization to function with the absence of leadership.
Within America we have a three part criminal justice system. Including law enforcement, the judiciary, and corrections branches. First I will discuss law enforcement. Local, state and federal law enforcement has around 750,000 sworn officers (Zumbrun, 2014). Preventing crime, commanding control, apprehensions, defending and keeping the peace, are examples of what these officers do within our law enfacement system. law enforcement rely on the public for support just like the public rely on the officers for help and safety. “how police interact with individuals and suspects within a community, and how police respond to community concerns affect their ability to police efficiently. Without community support, police effectiveness suffers”(Wright,
Williams, E. (2003). Structuring In Community Policing: Institutionalizing Innovative change. Police Practice and Research Vol. 4, No. 2 , 119-129.