The following report takes into consideration two recent cybercrimes for the purpose of analyzing what cybercrime is and who is responsible for it. The opinions of Joseph Migga Kizza and Lawrence Lessig will be evaluated as they relate to the two cybercrimes. As part of the analysis, the underlying assumptions and the practical implications of the two authors will be considered.
Two Recent Cybercrimes
With the popularity of the social media site Twitter, single letter handles are rare. Naoki Hiroshima was the owner of one of those rare handles, @N. He had been offered as much as fifty thousand dollars for the account, which he always declined. On January 20th of 2014, a hacker was able to social engineer part of Naoki’s credit card information from a PayPal representative. The hacker used that information to social engineer a GoDaddy representative into giving him control of Naoki’s domain. The domain was then used as a bargaining piece to force Naoki to trade the Twitter account for the domain (Naoki Hiroshima, 2014). The Twitter account had been the hacker’s target from the beginning.
In a separate case of cybercrime, on July 29th 2011, the hacktivist group Anonymous breached the network of the defense contractor ManTech and stole information from their servers. ManTech provides network security services for the FBI for 99.5 million dollars over a five year contract. The breach was announced by Anonymous via Twitter, and was stated to be in retaliation for the arrest of some of its members, nine days earlier for their participation in a denial of service attack against PayPal (Fahmida Rashid. 2011).
Cybercrime Theories and Analysis
Joseph Migga Kizza takes the position that there are two components to cybercrime; technica...
... middle of paper ...
...ion of ethical/moral norms might not be very practical given the global scope of the Internet and those that use it.
References
Hiroshima, N. (2014). My $50,000 Twitter Username Was Stolen Thanks to PayPal and GoDaddy. Retrieved January 30, 2014 from https://medium.com/p/24eb09e026dd
Kizza, J. (2011). Computer network security and cyber ethics. (3rd ed.). Jefferson: McFarland & Company Inc.
Lessig, L. (2006). Code: Version 2.0. (2nd ed.). Ney York: Basic Books.
Rashid, F. (2011). Anonymous Claims Network Breach of FBI Security Contractor ManTech. Retrieved February 1, 2014 from http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Security/Anonymous-Claims-Network-Breach-of-FBI-Security-Contractor-ManTech-693504/
Wiseman, P. (n.d.). Cracking the 'Great Firewall' of China's Web censorship. Retrieved February 9, 2014 from http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=4707107&page=1&singlePage=true
Taylor, R. W., Fritsch, E. J., Liederbach, J., & Holt, T. J. (2011). Digital Crime and Digital Terrorism 2nd edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
The Hacker Crackdown: Law and Disorder on the Electronic Frontier by Bruce Sterling is a book that focuses on the events that occurred on and led up to the AT&T long-distance telephone switching system crashing on January 15, 1990. Not only was this event rare and unheard of it took place in a time when few people knew what was exactly going on and how to fix the problem. There were a lot of controversies about the events that led up to this event and the events that followed because not only did it happen on Martin Luther King Day, but few knew what the situation truly entailed. There was fear, skepticism, disbelief and worry surrounding the people that were involved and all of the issues that it incorporated. After these events took place the police began to crackdown on the law enforcement on hackers and other computer based law breakers. The story of the Hacker Crackdown is technological, sub cultural, criminal, and legal. There were many raids that took place and it became a symbolic debate between fighting serious computer crime and protecting the civil liberties of those involved.
The Great Firewall of China censors innumerable amounts of content for an assortment of reasons. The most common objective is to silence criticism of the Chinese government and to prevent ideologies contrary to Chinese Communist Party (CCP) policies from gaining momentum. The Chinese government goes beyond just blocking individual websites however, using “techniques to scan URLs and web page content for blacklisted keywords like ‘Tiananmen’ and block such traffic” (Hoffman). Due to this, they most often target social media platforms, virtual commercial exchange markets, and information-based registers. To compensate they have developed their own social networking sites, search engines, and directories, completely controlled by the Chinese government, allowing them the abi...
With today’s technology a lot of people get their different accounts stolen anywhere from bank accounts to gaming accounts. The accounts stolen sometime mean nothing but starting something so simple over again, but sometimes accounts (such as bank accounts) are stolen and drained which is a complete set back and is nearly impossible to recover from without help. In 2012 over 431 Million people experienced some kind of cyber crime worldwide. Out ...
Thornton, P., (ed.) (2010), ‘Censorship and Surveillance in Chinese Cyberspace: Beyond the Great Firewall’ In Gries, P. H., and Rosen, S., (eds) Chinese Politics (London and New York: Routledge).
An increasing number of powerful organizations fall victims to cyber-attacks targeting their financial sector. To illustrate, Nykodym et al. (2005) point out that cybercrime has accounted up to $170 million of loss in 2002 (p, 264). As a result of proprietary information theft along with product and customer databases; causing the targeted business a loss of productivity and time as well as financial loss. A further point often overlooked is that cybercrimes give rise to a significant mass panic among organizations.
A crime is an action considered to be violating the law. There are various kinds of crimes, whose determination is influenced by the current living conditions. Hence, with the implementation of new technologies, and innovations such as the Internet, crimes do not only exist in the physical world, but also in the cyber world. Thus, there are many differences and similarities between these two concepts, among which the most relevant are: the scale, the reach, perception and media effect, and the speed.
Since the 1990’s, the Chinese government has had systems in place that block, monitor, and filter the Internet inside/outside of China (Guobin 52). The ‘Great Firewall’, very well is the largest internet filte...
In today's society, many aspects of crime are committed on a regular basis. Civilians take advantage of people all the time using online resources such as fraudulent websites requiring credit card information to get a free monthly trial. Other examples of cyber crimes include online chat websites, full of predators, or websites needing a downloadable program that contains a hacking virus. Sadly, there are many cases of cyber crime all over the internet. The acts of cyber crimes are considered violent acts like any other.
In the early years of computers and computerized technology, computer engineers had to believe that their contribution to the development of computer technology would produce positive impacts on the people that would use it. During the infancy of computer technology, ethical issues concerning computer technology were almost nonexistent because computers back then were not as multifaceted as they are today. However, ethical issues relating to computer technology and cyber technology is undeniable in today’s society. Computer technology plays a crucial role in all aspects of our daily lives. Different forms of computer technology provide unique functionalities that allow people to perform daily activities effectively and efficiently. In modern society, we use computer and cyber technology to communicate with friends and family via social networking sites, participate in business transactions, and get current news. Different tasks require unique technological feature in computer technology to function properly. Although, unique technological features increase people’s proficiency in accomplishing various tasks, unique technological features in computer and cyber technology increase security vulnerabilities. In many cases, the security vulnerabilities in computer technology are exploited by cybercriminals to invade people’s privacy, and steal people’s identity. We know that computers have no moral compass; they cannot make moral decisions for themselves. Essentially, people make moral decisions that affect others positively or negatively depending on how they use computer technology. Some of the biggest ethical issues facing people in the computing environment include privacy concerns on the web and identity theft. Privacy concerns...
Rosenthal, Elisabeth. "China Lists Controls To Restrict the Use Of E-mail and Web." The New York Times, 27 January 2000. Retrieved 26 April 2004.
The Internet is a connection of computers across the world through a network. Its origin dates back to the 1960s when the U.S Military used it for research, but it became more available to the public from the late 1980s. The World Wide Web was created in 1989 and browsers began appearing in the early 1990s. Over the last 24 years, the Internet has enabled people to shop, play, do research, communicate and conduct business online. It has also become cheaper and faster in performing different tasks. As much as the Internet has done immeasurable good to society, it has also dominated people’s lives and brought with it an array of cybercrimes. According to Nicholas Carr in his book The Shallows: How the Internet is Changing the Way we Think, Read and Remember (Carr, 2010). He debates on whether the Internet has done more harm than good. People use the Internet daily to exchange accurate information and constantly personal data such as credit cards, passwords and Social Security numbers are travelling through the network from one computer to another. With security measures put in place on the Internet, personal information remains confidential. But unfortunately, criminals have adapted to innovations in technology, and today, more people are increasingly becoming victims of cybercrime. The Internet has had profound effects on the public, both positive and negative. In this paper we will examine how access to personal information has led to an increase in online and offline crimes. The essay will particularly focus on ecommerce and hacking.
Cybercrime is a global issue plaguing the world. The dictionary defines cybercrime as “crime conducted via the Internet or some other computer network”(Merriam-Webster). The definition remains very broad because the word “cyber” is defined as “relating to the culture of computers, information technology, and virtual reality.” Due to the growing number of people gaining access to the internet, rapid development of technology, and the globalization of the world, more of the world population is becoming susceptible to involvement in cybercrime – whether it be as a victim or a criminal. Cybercrime involves different levels of the world on both the victim and criminal side, from an individual citizen, to small groups, businesses, and the government, to the countries of the world.
Today in present, with the improvements in technology and science new concepts are integrated in our lives. Cyber crime is among those concepts that did not exist 15 to 20 years ago. In the old days only conventional crime was discussed, which refers to those traditional, illegal behaviors that most people think of as crime. In today one has to be careful not only against conventional crime but also cybercrime also known as “faceless crime” it’s the latest and the most complicated problem in the new century. Cybercrime consists of all criminal actions against communication devices in a network such as Internet, telephone lines or mobile network. Cyber crime can be observed among people at various age groups as it is easier to commit compared to other types of crime like murder, kidnapping or human trafficking.
Cybercrime refers to all forms of crime conducted through a computer or a mobile device using computer networks. It is thus the use of a computer with the aim of intercepting and manipulating content, disrupting communication, stealing or generally destroying others’ information or hardware through a network. Although cybercrime is a worldwide problem and affects both small and big companies, small companies are affected more from the dangers of cybercrime. The rapid advancement in technology is causing tremendous problems to businesses in terms of more sophisticated cyber-attacks. This project is interesting and beneficial because it enlightens one on the dangers of cybercrime, thus preparing individuals to know how to prevent attacks while online, how to reduce the effects of a cyber-attack and how to prevent future