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The impact of criminal activity on society
Discuss the role played by crime, punishment and the law in Great Expectations
Discuss the role played by crime, punishment and the law in Great Expectations
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Recommended: The impact of criminal activity on society
The crime rate in the world has increased exponentially over the years. As people know the victims are always sympathized, but it is truly the criminals who get the short end of the stick. In the novel, Great Expectations has many criminals. The criminals in the novel are very similar to the criminals in our everyday lives. Criminality can destroy our lives which are shown by Magwitch, Orlick, and Compeyson.
Accordingly, criminality caused much strife in Magwitch’s life due to false accusations and horrible actions. For example, Dicken’s novel, Great Expectations, shows Magwitch as a criminal when he demands Pip get him “a file [...] and wittles” and if Pip refuses to get the items Magwitch threatened to tear out his heart and he would have it ‘ roasted, and ate” (Dickens 3). At this point, Magwitch had just escaped prison, and he is threatening to eat Pip because he is starving. Now, when Magwitch returns when Pip is older, he realizes that Magwitch “was sent for life. It’s death to
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come back” and Magwitch had made Pip a gentleman, so Pip protects Magwitch (Dickens 323). Since Magwitch was sentenced for life and has now returned, Pip feels he must protect the criminal since he was Pip’s benefactor. In the end, Magwitch was sentenced to death when he was caught by the police, and the police believed he had killed Compeyson when both were underwater and only Magwitch returned, but Magwitch claimed to have “disengaged himself, struck out, and swam away” but he never killed Compeyson. Soon after, Magwitch died due to his return and his “murder” of Compeyson. Sadly, the life of a criminal soon caught up to Magwitch and he paid a steep price for it. In spite of everything, criminality eventually drove Orlick’s life into a mess because of his temper.
In the beginning, Orlick was believed to be a criminal at the start and was thought to have harmed Mrs. Joe, but with no proof, Pip hoped “to see [his] sister denounce him” (Dickens 96). Truthfully, Orlick admitted he had attacked Mrs. Joe later on and this was a start of his criminal career. Later on, the act of Pip stopping Orlick from being with a woman will anger him, but when Biddy tells Pip “Don’t let him come, I don’t like him” Pip quickly gets in the way (Dickens 102). Therefore, this act spikes Orlick’s temper and will eventually make him a “known” criminal. As time passed, Orlick continued his crime spree when he kidnapped Pip in anger and he plans “to have [Pip’s] life” because he believes Pip ruined his life (Dickens 333). Obviously, Pip was rescued and Orlick was arrested for his crimes. Finally, the life of crime Orlick committed himself to really messed up his
life. Undoubtedly, criminality ended Compeyson’s life through anger. Incidentally, Compeyson has lived a life of crime for a while and got away with it when he lied “[Magwitch] tried to murder me. I should have been a dead man if [police] had not come up” (Dickens 28). Early in Pip’s life, the two men [Magwitch and Compeyson] had been fighting and when the police showed up Compeyson lied and got away with it. Earlier, when the two convicts first met, Compeyson framed Magwitch to get the stronger punishment while Compeyson got the lighter punishment and the judge proclaimed that Compeyson “was recommended to mercy on account for good character and bad company” (Dickens 274). Indeed, Compeyson made everything in Magwitch’s name when Compeyson did all the work, and since Compeyson was a “gentleman” he barely got a punishment. Lastly for Compeyson, he tried to fight Magwitch underwater “Fiercely locked in each other’s arms” but he did resurface (Dickens 349). Consequently, Magwitch survived the fight against Compeyson and Compeyson did not resurface and drowned. Therefore, criminality stole Compeyson’s life from him. Furthermore, these criminals could never return to a normal life, for two died while the other was arrested, and there was nothing they could do to fix the problem once the mistake was made. Truly, criminality can and will ruin everyone’s lives. As the crime rate increases in our world, all the criminals’ lives will be devastating for them, just like in Great Expectations. The time periods may be different, but Charles Dickens’ book was an insight of what crime was like so many decades before. As people grow older and make choices in their lives, they must look at the impacts that criminality has on their lives.
In Charles Dickens novel Great Expectations, the main character, Pip might seem like an innocent boy growing up to be a respected gentleman. However, in Julian Moynahan’s literary criticism “Parallels Between Pip, Orlick, and Drummle,” different sides to this fundamental character are shown. At first sight, Orlick and Drummle seem like complete contradictory characters to Pip. They could be portrayed almost as villains compared to the innocent Pip. Nonetheless, when different parts in the novel are studied, this opposite comparison changes to an eerily similar one. In Dickens novel, Great Expectations, Pip shows striking parallels with both Orkick and Drummle, even though he disapproves of actions that they take and how they handle themselves.
Abel Magwitch was one of the two acquitted criminals in Dickens' Great Expectations. The convicts in this novel were sent to either Newgate prison or shipped to Australia where they were placed in penal settlements. Magwitch was sent to New South Wales for his connections with Compeyson (the other convict) and was sentenced on felony charges of swindling and forgery. Convicts sent to penal settlements suffered the same abuse that slaves were exposed to. The difference lies in the fact that these men and women were in these settlements because of crimes committed such as pickpocketing and murder. Such settlements were New South Wales, Van Dieman's Land, Devil's Island, and Botany Bay, to name a few. In fact, "Botany Bay meant convicts and was looked upon merely as the fit receptacle of national crime" (Inglis 4). Convicts were sent to these settlements as a way to curb the number of felons in the British Isles. Settlements created a place to live and work in order to change or correct the character of the convict. During the nineteenth century, convicts made up most of the population of Australia with a mere fraction of actual free emigrants. The Australian penal settlements helped to develop a new penal theory as well as different view of Australia. By looking at the journey of the convicts, their service, jobs, authorities, punishment, and freedom, we will be able to understand the complicated theory of penal ideas and the plight of Magwitch, Pip's convict.
In Great Expectations, during the middle of the book, Pip creates a rather low opinion of himself acting arrogant and conceited to others. For example, When Joe is coming to visit Pip, Pip thinks to himself, "I was looking forward to Joe's coming not with pleasure, thought that I was bound to him... If I could have kept him away by paying money, I would have paid money (pg.841). Evan though Joe protected and assisted Pip throughout his juvenile years, Pip was still embarrassed by him. Pip is an ungrateful person showing Joe no gratitude. In addition, when Pip learned who his benefactor was he replied, "The abhorrence in which I held the man, the dread I had of him, the repugnance with which I shrank from him, could not have been exceeded if he had been some terrible beast (pg.876). Pip is surprised by this intrusion of his mind realizing that Miss Havisham did not raise him to be with Estella. Evan though Pip was not raised to be with Estella he is an vicious human being thinking such vile thoughts against a man that gave him the life of a gentleman. In relation, as Provis lays down to sleep Pip reflects on meeting him, "Then came the reflection that I had seen him with my childish eyes to be a desperate violent man:" (pg.879). Pip can only think of what horrible things Provis performed. Pip is an unforgiving person, still thinking of Provis as a convict after all he did for him. Pip displays himself as a heartless feign, believing himself to be of upper society and forgetting people who helped him through his journey of life.
The idea of redemption is an idea that has existed for as long as humanity has. Therefore, it should be no surprise to see the idea of redemption in the literature of many different periods, let alone the Romantic period. Throughout Great Expectations, characters experience redemption in a manner of ways. Characters go through vast changes and lives change unexpectedly. A theme and motif of redemption is clearly developed in Great Expectations. Some ways this theme of redemption is express during the book are, when Pip gets a mysterious note to go to the marches and is ambushed and almost killed, Throughout the story when Pip warms up to Magwitch, When Pip realizes how much he loves Joe and Biddy, How Pip’s redeeming factors stem from his early childhood, Ms. Havisham’s eventual realization of the error of her ways, and in society itself.
Edgar Rosenberg. New York: Norton, 1999. French, A.L. "Imprisonment: The Case of Great Expectations. " Discussions of Charles Dickens, 82-92.
After being forced to face the dark and humble reality of his "great expectations" and his behaviour, Pip is never. the same as the other. From this point onwards, Pip finds freedom in trying to help. Magwitch escapes and, also, begins to grow quite fond of him. The separate voices of the narrator and the leading character in the novel.
Magwitch has lived the life of crime. It wasn't until he meets Pip, that he begins to change. The reason Magwitch was sent to the Botany Bay penal colony was for "putting stolen notes in circulation" (323; ch. 42). His companion, Compeyson, and chief engineer of the project was given a lesser sentence due to his education and wealthy appearance. Magwitch was not so lucky and was forced to endure the trials and tribulations of servitude in the penal colonies. Not much is mentioned in Great Expectations regarding the actual colonies. It is interesting, however, that Dickens would chose to include a character that is not simply killed but transported to vicious and cruel servitude that turned his life around. Magwitch's past criminal record would have fit the normal stereotype of criminals sent to the colonies. He had a past record before being tried on felony charges and would have been deemed un...
Magwitch first meets pip at the graveyard on the marshes, from this we see that pip is a lonely child, who has lost his mother and father. Magwitch threatens to kill pip and " rip out his heart and liver" unless pip obeys Magwitch's orders to bring him some "wittles" and drink for him. The relationship as it first blossomed is full of fear and terror and we pick up immediately that Magwitch is in control of the situation, yet there is still the fear lingering over him being seen or handed over to the authorities if Magwitch made any mistake to be seen by anyone else, or if pip told somebody else where he was. Pip and Magwitch's first meeting place is highly ironic, because pip is visiting his parents graves and then ironically Magwitch turns up, who will later be pips benefactor and will act and play the role of Pip's surrogate farther. Pathetic fallacy is used in this graveyard scene as it is set in the marshes at the dead of night with " the cold air whipping" around them, to resemble the scary emotions that pip feels when he is being threatened by Magwitch pip passes a gibbet on the marshes which is also ironic as when Magwitch comes back to see pip later on it the novel there is the fear that he might be hanged. It also sets the setting to resemble death. The night black sky also will resemble death and deep dark fears. The graveyard is a " bleak over grown place, with nettles" the description makes the scene scarier, and the overgrown weeds could be where others are hiding. The setting is very gothic, in true Victorian style and when contemanoray readers read this they were automatically prepared for something unpleasant to happen. When Magwitch orders pip to get him some food and a drink for him from where he lived or where he could, pip could take the advantage of this situation, and tell the authorities or tell his guardians, but he doesn't.
Throughout Dickens’ novel Great Expectations, the character, personality, and social beliefs of Pip undergo complete transformations as he interacts with an ever-changing pool of characters presented in the book. Pip’s moral values remain more or less constant at the beginning and the end; however, it is evident that in the time between, the years of his maturation and coming of adulthood, he is fledgling to find his place in society. Although Pip is influenced by many characters throughout the novel, his two most influential role models are: Estella, the object of Miss Havisham’s revenge against men, and Magwitch, the benevolent convict. Exposing himself to such diverse characters Pip has to learn to discern right from wrong and chose role models who are worthy of the title.
There are so many important characters in this book that it would take me longer to describe the characters and there importance than it would to summarize the book. So I will keep it to a minimum with just a few crucial people. First there is Pip he is the main character in this book. When he was very young his parents died and know he is raised by his sister and her husband Joe Pip is a very innocent and caring person who wants to have a greater fate than the one presently owned. But is burdened by the fact that he lives in poverty. Next there is Mrs. Joe who raised Pip but is very mean to him and controlling of everyone in her house. Then Joe he is the person that gives Pip help. They play games and explain a lot of things to Pip he is about the only nice person in Pips life. Mrs. Havasham she lets Pip come over to her house and is very wealthy and the people around him think that she will raise him to be a gentleman. But hates men and never changes out of her wedding dress. She also has a daughter named Estella that was adopted and is very beautiful. But is being raised to hate men as well and is using her looks to break there hearts. Magwitch escapes from prison at the beginning of Great Expectations and terrorizes Pip in the cemetery. But out of Kindness Pip still bring the man what he asks for. Pip's kindness, however, makes a deep impression on him, and he subsequently devotes himself to making a fortune and using it to elevate Pip into a higher social class. Herbert pocket who is a good friend of Pip's and gives him advice throughout the book.
Crime and Punishment in Great Expectations Throughout Great Expectations, Charles Dickens's attitudes toward crime and punishment differ greatly from his real-life views. Dickens, according to Phillip Collins in Dickens and Crime, "had strong and conflicting feelings about criminals" (1), which explains why he was known to refer to criminals as both "irreclaimable wretches" and "creatures of neglect" (33). The author's contradictions toward crime stem from the fact that Dickens was constantly torn between his childhood memories of prison and poverty and the legal training he gained as an adult. According to Robert Coles in "Charles Dickens and Crime" Dickens knew how hard-pressed life was for thousands of English families in mid-ninteenth century England, and he knew the legal side of such desperation--a jungle of suspicion and fear and hate. He was especially attentive [if]. . .
"I must entreat you to pause for an instant, and go back to what you know of my childish days, and to ask yourself whether it is natural that something of the character formed in me then" - Charles Dickens
Charles Dickens’ novel Great Expectations follows the maturing of main character Philip “Pip” Pirrip from a very young age until his adulthood. The novel starts with Pip being just six years old, alone on the marsh where he has an encounter that changes his whole life. What is notable about this early Pip is how he is shaped and manipulated by the ideologies of those around him, especially when it comes to social class. Dickens makes it very clear that Pip does not reach maturity until he frees himself from these notions that had been set upon him, and begins to see past the overt attributes associated with station.
“Themes and construction: Great Expectations” Exploring Novels (2005): 8. Online. Discovering Collection. 07 Feb. 2006. Available http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/DC.
In conclusion, Dickens portrays the novels title, Great Expectations, through Pip’s desires and dreams and luck. Once he finds out his secret benefactor was Magwitch, he is surprised. Pip has had many great expectations which he was able to fulfill through the aid of Magwitch. Apart from Pip’s expectations of riches and importance of being a gentleman, the readers have expectations of the novel having many turning points due to Dickens ability to craft a consistent plot in which there is a fluency in all angles. Pip had high hopes, or Great Expectations, for everything which blindly seems right to him were not carried out.