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Sustainable consumption and production essay
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The topic before the General Assembly Plenary is promoting resource efficiency in urban development. Working within the United Nations Environmental Programme and the United Nations Development Programme framework, The Federative Republic of Brazil is dedicated to establishing collaborative multilateral approaches ensuring the efficient use of natural resources and sustainable urban development. Brazil would like to promulgate comprehensive policy regarding natural resources with consideration to sustainable consumption and production, sustainable development goals, the Green Economy Initiative and the Resource Efficiency Programme.
Brazil is the largest and most populous country in South America with abundant natural resources. It has a population
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Crime is concentrated primarily in large cities. Rio de Janeiro has been rated critical for crime by the United Sates State Department for the past 25 years. Crimes statistics for 2012 reflect continued critically high and rising levels of crimes in both the state and city of Rio de Janeiro in the categories of robbery, rape, fraud, and residential thefts. Brazil is an illicit producer of cannabis, the second largest consumer of cocaine in the world, as well as trace amounts of coca cultivation occurring in the Amazon region. To address this domestically, Brazil introduced the Favela Pacification Program (FPP). This program specially recruited and trained community police officers to enter Rio’s favelas (slums) in an effort to expel drug and gang activity while establishing a permanent presence, called a Unidade de Policia Pacificadora (UPP). To address this on a global scale Brazil has partnered with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to strengthen the efforts of Federal District by utilizing community based crime prevention. Other partnering agencies include UNDP, UNICEF, UNESCO, and UN-Habitat. Criminals steal an estimated 38 million animals from Brazil’s rainforest each year. This lucrative trade provides smugglers access to participate in a $20 billion global black market. A Government report warned that animal smugglers are often involved with other activities such as the drug trade, indicating they are not just amateur criminals. In an effort to address this, Brazil is party to The United Nations Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). This convention developed a strategy intended to prevent and combat illegal trade in wild animal and plants. The International Consortium on Combating Wildlife Crime was formed to move forward in a coordinated
A crime can be as little as stealing a loaf of bread from a bakery, and as big as murdering a person. A crime can put a person in jail for a couple months, years, or even sentenced to life. Crime has a major effect on society because it declines faith in humanity. It can destroy a neighborhood's, state's or country's own reputations and well-being. A person's life could be ruined through a crime.
Many organizations and programs are working to stop human trafficking and its insubordinate criminals. Organizations, such as the United Nations Conven...
Concerned authorities have focused essentially on criminalization and punishment, to find remedies to the ever-increasing prevalent drug problem. In the name of drug reducing policies, authorities endorse more corrective and expensive drug control methods and officials approve stricter new drug war policies, violating numerous human rights. Regardless of or perhaps because of these efforts, UN agencies estimate the annual revenue generated by the illegal drug industry at $US400 billion, or the equivalent of roughly eight per cent of total international trade (Riley 1998). This trade has increased organized/unorganized crime, corrupted authorities and police officials, raised violence, disrupted economic markets, increased risk of diseases an...
Illegal drug trade in Colombia is the practice of producing and distributing narcotics domestically and around the world. As of 2012, Colombia was the world leading cocaine producer in the world (Neuman, 2012). Cocaine, marijuana and heroin along with other illegal drugs have become a big part of Colombians lifestyle and a major source of income for many people. Since the establishment of the War on Drugs in the late 20th century, European countries and United States have provided billions of dollars, logistics and military aid to the Colombia government to combat the illegal drug trade (Lilley, 2006). As of 1999, Plan Colombia has been one of the biggest movements towards Colombia’s biggest rebel group, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). The movement was implemented as Colombia supplies 80% of cocaine to American citizens (Vellinga, 2000). The US Drug Enforcement Administration estimated that Colombia’s annual profit ranges between $5-7 billion from drugs smuggled into the United States.
“Because of the rapid growth experienced by this country in terms of urban development, industrialization and population at the beginning of the 21st century, Brazil is facing a number of social, environmental and political challenges” (Meyer 2010). Over the years, Brazils infrastructure has been a topic of concern as the quality and quantity of growth seem to be lacking. One might be familiar with the recent 2016 Olympics in Rio and how many complaints were made about the unfinished quarters where people were staying and how the under developed the city
First of all, it is important to highlight that Colombia plays a particular role in the chain of money laundering globally. Colombia has been classified by many as the main producer and exporter of cocaine in the world ; in consequence, it should be expected to find generous literature and articles regarding money laundering which support this assertion. Surprisingly, a specialized database as Jane’s Information Group only lists a few more than one hundred results regarding this topic for the last twenty years. On the contrary, Factiva database lists more than five thousand results under the same parameters of search. Similarly, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime presents more than five thousand articles related to money laundering in Colombia. Hence, it is possible to visualize the limited resources and effort that Jane’s allocates to cover this important issue of international crime in comp...
Introduction Brazil is the largest and most populous country in South America. It is the 5th largest country worldwide in terms of both areas (more than 8.5 Mio. km2) and inhabitants (appr. 190 million).
The media is a dominating aspect of American culture. The way the media depicts crime and criminal behavior has an effect on the way society views crime and criminals. Television series such as CSI, NCIS, Law and Order, Criminal Minds and countless others, have become very popular in our society today showing that our culture has an immense interest in crime. It is clear that there is a fascination with criminals and why they do the things they do. To analyze the way crime dramas represent crime and criminal behavior, I completed a content analysis of one episode of Criminal Minds. The episode I chose was season one; episode eight, which first aired in 2005, titled ‘Natural Born Killer’.
Unfortunately, even with a highly visible police presence throughout Rio, the favelas are a different story. Average citizens often find themselves unprotected and frequently caught in the crossfire of police or criminal activity. Over the years the Brazilian government has taken a number of different approaches in dealing with favelas; from programs to eradicate the favelas to efforts to provide or improve infrastructure and permanent housing. The children of the favela spend many days in front of worn-down cultural center buildings, beating on old water bottles and cans, and singing in harmony. In August 1993 the city and the residents of Vigario Geral would never be the same (13:00). The police had lost four of their own and were on a bloody rampage, killing innocent men, women and
Prisons for a long time have been a gateway to try to save society, when the only thing that it’s doing is hurting the social order because it’s creating more problems that are not being treated from the beginning. Crime has become a big problem during these hard times with the poor economy, but it has especially affected Latin America because of all the problems that overcrowded prisons have brought forward. In Latin America Brazil and Mexico are the two largest countries that have been affected with having the highest percentage of crimes, inmates in prisons, and concerns with overcrowded prisons. And these increase with the high crime rates in Latin America that are rising due to drug trafficking wars in Brazil and Mexico. "The country with the largest prison is Brazil, with 194,074 prisoners followed by México, with 144, 261 prisoners" (Pinzon 1). These numbers are only rising because of the lack of poorly trained officials and the limits amount of money for programs to help them integrate back into society (Dammert and Zuniga 9). As citizens we have learned to think of prisons as the last resort to put criminals, not being aware of the consequences that it will bring in the long run for society. Prison systems fail in Latin American because they are overcrowded up to three times more of the capacity they’re built for (Pinzon 1). And this problem has caused higher crimes rates as well as the spread of infectious diseases within the prisons particularly in Brazil and Mexico because their countries with higher prevalence of injecting drug users (IDUs) and because they go unseen (Dolan 36).
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) 2009, Annual Report 2009, viewed 2 April 2014, http://www.unodc.org/documents/about-unodc/AR09_LORES.pdf
The wave of crime in Brazilian cities is on the increase. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the number of murders, rape cases, and violence is approximately 21 per 100,000 inhabitants (Mehta). India has a population six times more than that of Brazil, and the crime rate is approximately 3.4 per 100, 000. Italy has a lower crime rate of 0.9 per 100, 000 residents. The Brazilian president is Dilma Rousseff, a woman, and to imagine of the stringent laws that govern against rapes is hard. Government endeavors such as Bolsa Familia have had a tremendous effect on reducing the income inequality in the country. Although the Brazilian government strives to reduce the disparities between different classes of people, the crime
The world will always be full of crime, thus it is necessary for scientist to grow along with the gruesome and increasing amount of violations. Due to this it sparked scientist to develop crime theories in which emerged to explain why crime is caused by individuals. Some of the few theories that have advanced over the past century and provided many answers to why crimes are committed are biological theories, psychological theories and learning theories. These theories provide an insight to its first use and change in order to provide answers.
By the end of Dostoyesky’s Crime and Punishment, the reader is no longer under the illusion of the possible existence of “extraordinary” men. For an open-minded reader, and even perhaps the closed-minded ones too, the book is a journey through Raskolnikov’s proposed theory on crime. It is a theory based on the ideas that had “been printed and read a thousand times”(313) by both Hegel and Nietzsche. Hegel, a German philosopher, influenced Dostoyesky with his utilitarian emphasis on the ends rather than the means whereby a superman existed as one that stood above the ordinary man, but worked for the benefit of all mankind. Nietsche’s more selfish philosophy focused on the rights to power which allowed one to act in a Hegelian manner. In committing his crime, Raskolnikov experienced the ultimate punishment as he realized that his existence was not that of the “extraordinary” man presented in his theory. In chapter five of part three in Crime and Punishment, this theory is outlined by its creator, Raskolnikov. Such an innovative theory would clearly have placed him in the “extraordinary” category, but when he fails to meet its standards, by submitting to the common law through his confession, the theory crumbles right before the reader’s eyes.
Approximately 100 metric tons of cocaine passes through Jamaican shores every year (Jamaica: Army to assist police in fighting crime, drugs, 2002). With the U.S. focusing their efforts on protecting the home front, the Caribbean has become more fertile for an increase in crime. However, it appears that this region is relying heavily on itself to pave the way for positive change. During a three-day summit, a regional task force established by Caribbean governments will implement certain initiatives to decrease crime in the immediate future as well as long-term plans to alleviate poverty, inequality and social marginalization (Jamaica: Army to assist police in fighting crime, drugs, 2002).