A database can be defined as an ‘electronic collection of records including references to journal articles, reports, book chapters or conference papers amongst many other sources of information’. In this sense, databases such as IHS Jane’s Information Group constitute valuable research tools in specific areas of investigation like international crime. In fact, Jane’s Information Group is an ‘open source intelligence gathering, reporting and analysis provider’ which focuses its products in sensitive areas of global interests such as defence, security, law enforcement, public safety, and transport. This essay will evaluate the validity of IHS Jane’s Information Group in the specific area of money laundering in Colombia. The database will be evaluated under the scope of its Authority, Accuracy, Objectivity, Currency, and Coverage.
First of all, it is important to highlight that Colombia plays a particular role in the chain of money laundering globally. Colombia has been classified by many as the main producer and exporter of cocaine in the world ; in consequence, it should be expected to find generous literature and articles regarding money laundering which support this assertion. Surprisingly, a specialized database as Jane’s Information Group only lists a few more than one hundred results regarding this topic for the last twenty years. On the contrary, Factiva database lists more than five thousand results under the same parameters of search. Similarly, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime presents more than five thousand articles related to money laundering in Colombia. Hence, it is possible to visualize the limited resources and effort that Jane’s allocates to cover this important issue of international crime in comp...
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...ties. Similarly, objectivity in some articles presented by Jane’s is challenged by some imprecise data which misrepresent the reality of money laundering in Colombia and international crime in general. On the other hand, it is not possible to evaluate the credentials and authority of Jane’s analyst due to the anonymity of their members. In the same sense, the lack of the list of sources used to elaborate Jane’s articles force the reader to blindly believe what the author expresses and hinders the possibility to compare what it is stated. Finally, despite some imprecise data reported in the articles regarding money laundering in Colombia, most of the information is up-to-dated and current. However, it is important to highlight that Jane’s presents reduced coverage in comparison with analogous databases such as Factiva or the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
The Mexican drug cartels have been smuggling drugs across the boarder of Mexico to the United States of America for decades. The Mexican drug cartels are a drug smuggling criminal organization. In other words they run a narcotic drug business. * In my research, I will be discussing about the money being laundered by the Mexican drug cartels from the U.S. to Mexico. The cartels need to launder their money in order to be able to take their drug money back to their country of Mexico.
...ent of all the cocaine consumed in Canada and the United States (Beare 1996: 86). The Colombian cartels control the bulk of the cocaine market through out most of the western world. Enforcement officials are only just begging to understand the extent and the sophistication of the Colombian cartels' criminal activities here in Canada. The links that the Colombians are making with other criminal groups could prove to be very dangerous.
This source is valuable to examine as it demonstrates how cocaine rendered the country more vulnerable to globalization when the nation was already engaged in a prolonged armed conflict. Taussig himself asserts how cocaine exposed the nation to other threats, claiming, “along with the cocaine come the guerrilla, and behind the guerrilla come the paramilitaries in a war without mercy for control of the coca fields and therefore of what little is left of the staggeringly incompetent Colombian state” (16). This source is also valuable as Taussig even mentions how the United States War on Drugs in the 1970s heightened conflict and corruption, doing nothing on an international scale and allowing for Colombian cartels to dominate the cocaine market throughout the 1980s. My Cocaine Museum analyzes Colombia’s transition to cocaine and a critique of world inaction and globalization, interweaving both fact and fiction through first-hand accounts of Colombia’s history. In this sense, it is a worthy source to examine due to the first-hand stories of the violence caused by cocaine trade. Yet, the novel shares a limited perspective as it only tells one side of the story of the arise of cocaine and gives little voice to those who took over the farms and turned them into profit machines for funding the war. Nonetheless, it sheds light on a very important reality in Colombian
Drug trafficking is a prohibited, global trade that involves the production, the distribution, and the sales of drugs. It is a topic that has become a very large issue all over the world. It also has had a very big effect on many different countries because they often depend on the business that the drug trafficking creates. Since it has become such a problem, there have been many different efforts to put a stop to drug trafficking by different enforcement agencies. A website about drug statistics, drugabuse.net, indicated that the Drug Enforcement Agency or DEA, as it is well known as, makes over thirty thousand arrests each year dealing with the illegal sales or distribution of drugs. It is also believed that Mexico’s economy would shrink by over sixty-three percent if they lost their drug trafficking industry. There are many different tribulations like this that drug trafficking has created. Many people see it as such a vital asset to some countries, so it has emerged as an extremely big business that brings in a boatload of money. Just like any other immense problem, drug trafficking has its causes and effects
The United States has a long history of intervention in the affairs of one it’s southern neighbor, Latin America. The war on drugs has been no exception. An investigation of US relations with Latin America in the period from 1820 to 1960, reveals the war on drugs to be a convenient extension of an almost 200 year-old policy. This investigation focuses on the commercial and political objectives of the US in fighting a war on drugs in Latin America. These objectives explain why the failing drug policy persisted despite its overwhelming failure to decrease drug production or trafficking. These objectives also explain why the US has recently exchanged a war on drugs for the war on terrorism.
The paper traces Escobar's life from humble peasant beginnings to powerful cocaine drug dealer and kingpin. The paper discusses the sound financial decisions Escobar made as well as the way he invested in legitimate projects using the funds he gained illegally. The paper explores the influence Escobar had and the way he worked, ultimately unsuccessfully, to establish a no-extradition clause into the Colombian constitution.
Drug trafficking has been a massive concern between the borders of Mexico and the U.S. “since mid 1970s” (Wyler, 1). Drug trafficking is “knowingly being in possession, manufacturing, selling, purchasing, or delivering an illegal, controlled substance” (LaMance, 1). A dynamic relationship exists amongst Columbia, Mexico, and the U.S. the informal drug trafficking economy. This growing informal drug economy leads to many individuals creating a substantial living through this undercover market. These individual drug cartels monopolizing the trafficking market are a growing problem for the U.S economy and need to be located and controlled. If this trafficking continues, the U.S. informal economy will crush the growth of legal industries. The trafficking and abuse of drugs in the U.S. affects nearly all aspects of consumer life. Drug trafficking remains a growing issue and concern to the U.S. government. The U.S. border control must find a way to work with Mexico to overpower the individuals who contribute to the drug trafficking business. This market must be seized and these individuals must be stopped.
In a short matter of time, cocaine went from being legal, to being exported in bulk, to eventually overflowing the Western Hemisphere with hundreds of kilos yearly. The beginning of the cocaine trade can be seen through two distinct period of time: 1947 through 1959, and 1959 through 1964. It was during the first decade where we see the emergence of cocaine with the arrival of the Cold War, especially in Peru, where several anti-communist government forcibly pushed the trade out of Peru creating a chain of smugglers across neighboring countries. In the second decade, we can see the rampage of the cocaine trade as it is constructed into a more systemic and smuggling
As globalization continues to flourish and evolve, this creates further opportunities in which individuals are able to launder money with greater ease, efficiency in profit and sophistication. Through the forms of economic globalization, people may use new forms of travel to their advantage and personal gain. It is widely recognized (Pfaller, A & Lerch, M 2005, Auernheimer, L 2003) that this is becoming a significant challenge in the international sphere. Through globalization, criminals are able to create new means to commit crime for an economic benefit and avoid prosecution through new forms of travel. This allows them to spread transactions across multiple nations around the globe, thus increasing the number of obstacles that need to be overcome for an investigation to be completed (Karofi, U, Mwanza, J). For example, this can be explained through the new forms of money laundering. Money laundering is ‘the process by which one conceals the existence, illegal source, or illegal application of income, and disguises that income to make it appear legitimate’ (President’s Commission on Organised Crime 1984, p. 7). This can be achieved through the process of transporting diamonds or gold or even through wire transfers (Morris-Cotterill, N). The lack of risk that is involved in these contemporary crimes is increasing the appeal for crimes such money laundering to occur. This is due to the fact that criminals know that it will prove to be difficult to investigate and prosecute their activities when it occurs on a transnational basis. This, in turn, gives more individuals the opportunity to commit these crimes with little risk that they will be caught. Furthermore, this targets potential naïve victims into partaking in these forms of c...
In the short story, “Sugar,” Sharon Leach demonstrates the parallel between the protagonist’s sexual desires and her need to provide for her impoverished family. From the very first line the main character, Sugar, reveals her innermost erotic cravings as she describes “the girl in the leopard-print bikini” (170). Sugar’s subsequent actions were self-rendered rational to “keep [her] mother and sisters and brothers fed and clothed for a while” (178). Vivid imagery, the pattern of dismissal, and first person narration facilitate Leach to emphasize human tendencies of sexual behavior while observing the importance of earning a living to provide for ones family and eventually afford the commodities that make Sugar envious of the hotel guests.
The discussion of legalizing certain illegal drug like marijuana for personal use or prostitution to help stimulate the economy is one of the worst ideas ever. It was also said that it will eliminate money laundering problem. By keeping illegal drugs, prostitution, and money laundering illegal will prevent criminals from exploiting the poor and unfortunate people. This will also prevent the “paid” rape of all genders, it will also detour people from becoming an addict, thus eliminating the increase of money laundering. If those things are not controlled or increase in awareness the human trafficking business will grow even more each year, more people to include younger children are turned into sex slaves, and legitimate business starts to launder money all because of the suffering economy.
There often is a nexus between organized crime, drug trafficking, and even terrorism. Similarities between drug trafficking and terrorist organizations take many forms. Forms such as protection, taxation, facilitation, and transportation to direct trafficking by the terrorist organization itself so it can finance the activities. Traffickers and terrorists have similar needs in terms of logistics, materials and the covert movement of goods, people and money. Relationships between drug traffickers and terrorists benefit both. Terrorists gain a source of revenue and expertise in illicit transfer and laundering of proceeds from illicit transactions. Drug traffickers benefit from the terrorists ' military skills, weapons supply, and access to clandestine organizations. Both groups are supported by corrupt officials whose services provide benefits, such as greater access to fraudulent documents. National security is always at risk when created organizations decided to become involved with these types of dealings. Not just the national security to
"The Globallization of Crime: A Transnational Organized Crie Threat Assessment." United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2007): 1-314.
With the world changing and advancing with technology, criminal organizations are taking advantage of new opportunities. The advancement of travel, ease of communication, and an increase in demand, has all contributed to the globalization of crime. Every nation has been affected by the globalization of crime and the problem continues to grow.
Money laundering is the routing of illegal profits from bank to bank to disguise its existence. The illegal profits are usually made through activities such as drug trafficking, prostitution rings, illegal arms sales, and various other things. Unfortunately money laundering is a serious crime that is still prevalent in the United States and other countries. The Russian mafia, the Triad or Chinese mafia, and the Columbian drug cartel are just a few of the groups that partake in money laundering. No one knows exactly how much money is laundered yearly but it is estimated to be about $100 billion in the United States. The United States is not the only country affected by these numbers. The estimated amount of laundering is 2% - 5% of the world’s GDP, between $600 billion and $1.5 trillion dollars annually. Although there are hundreds of ways in which to launder money, some are more lucrative than others. For example, the Black Market Peso exchange, gold, and digital cash are some of the more common ways to launder money. Making it harder to crack down on money laundering is the fact that many countries do not have money-laundering laws in place like the United States does. These other countries make it possible for this illegal activity to carry on, and are only hurting themselves because money laundering creates a direct negative effect on their economy. If these nations want to fight money laundering they will need to implement laws against it. Banks could be one of the most useful tools in stopping the laundering of money.