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Cost estimation and behavious
Essay about cost classification
Essay about cost classification
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Question1.
Cost classification is useful and important because it classify a large number of costs into different cost pools. With similar costs in a single cost pool, it becomes much easier for managers to use that information to make appropriate decisions for different purpose and enhance the accuracy of decision-making (Mastilak, 2011).
As for Mr. and Mrs. Long, there are several different method of cost classification to help them make an improvement of Mal Ltd.’s decision-making system.
Firstly, it is very common to classify costs according to behavior. The costs of purchasing flower seeds, the costs of packaging flowers and the costs of importing some special flowers from Netherland are all variable costs, which will change due to the change of activity level, in this case, that is the number of flowers produced in a certain time period. Use the information of variable costs, Mr. and Mrs. Long can make decisions like how many orders can they accept to make higher profit or whether to expand the scale of their flower business more easily and properly. While, costs like the long-term rents, staff
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and Mrs. Long to deal with current issues faced with the company. Firstly, the difficulties of growth in ensuring the opportune payments to employees and suppliers could be release if managers could make an expenditure budget and set up appropriate prices of flowers according to the estimate costs in current month by using the chosen method above, due to the fact that there now are only rough estimates of revenue and some main cost items are know. Also, to prevent the scale of operations grown in an uncontrollable way, the method chosen can help Mr. and Mrs. Long get the signal of the deficit before decisions cannot be reversed, because the method chosen could provide them the cost of each department to help them find out the problems more easily and
Next I will need to find out the yearly net income from the investment. This will be gross ticket sales minus the total expenses. Deer Valley expects 300 skiers per day for 40 days at $55.00 per ticket, giving us $660,000 in ticket sales. In order to figure the total expenses I need to separate the fixed and variable expenses. Fixed expenses are those that will be there everyday the lodge is open regardless of the number of skiers. The Lodge is open 200 days per year and the cost of running the new lift is $500 per day for the entire 200 days giving us $100,000 in fixed costs. Variable costs are the expenses based on the number of customers. There is an additional $5 expense per skier per day associated with the new lift. If there are 300 skiers multiplied by $5 each multiplied by the 40 days that they are expected to be on the lift, we will have $60,000 in variable expenses. Fixed costs of $100,000 plus the variable costs of $60,000 will give us $160,000 in total expenses. The gross ticket sales of $660,000 minus the total expenses of $160,000 give us a yearly net income of $500,000.
If done right, I believe that all of the costs can be allocated to each of the three products through both direct and overhead costs. The only direct costs that are being included currently are labor and manufacturing costs. I broke up overhead into overhead based off direct labor and overhead based on units sold.
The first assumption is that the prices will increase 2% before inflation. The production level per ton of grapes and yield per acre will increase to 1992 levels due to the new market strategies. Sales are expected to grow 13% in 1995 after which estimate of 12%, 6%, and 8% for 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively show growth while recognizing a shift toward white wines. The tax rate of 37% and inflation rate of 2% is factored in to the forecast. Therefore the prices per case for each category has 2% price growth as well as 2% inflation rate, total of 4% was reflected in arriving at the forecasted income statement. Maximum capacity of 110,000 was assumed in the forecast and does show that even with the increase levels of production will not hit this ceiling in the next 5 years. Depreciation was calculated on 5-year straight-line basis, while SGA was constant 14% of sales. The key drivers of this model are Gross margin on each of the 5 main product group, tax rate, inflation rate, real price growth level, interest rate, Inventory to COGS, Accounts Receivable to Sales ratio.
One must understand that the integral core of a company rests in its accounting and financial areas. The departments’ need employees with an advanced knowledge and skill set to ensure the payment of supplies and accounting on the expenditure is correctly recorded. If the accounting desk presents inaccurate spending calculations on behalf of the company, it could result in spending more than what has actually been earned; this could lead to the company not only being unable to increase in revenue, but also experience loss. It is imperative that the management of the financial department is well informed and able to make decisions by taking into account the usage of every coin stated in the expenditures, and also to know the amount of revenue the company is making so that we can plan on better strategies to improve the revenues (Lu, Madu, Kuei & Winokur, 1994).
It has to be analyzed the company's performance, forecast fund needs and make a recommendation. The case introduces the pattern of current assets and cash flows in a seasonal company and provide and elementary exercise in the construction of the pro forma financial statements and estimation of fund needs.
Even though a myriad of tools and techniques learnt in the Strategic Cost Management and Strategic Business Analysis courses are not fully exploited in this essay, it is generally recognised that those techniques are useful for a corporate to formulate strategy, do strategic planning, control costing and quality, as well as eventually elevate its values, regardless the nature and size of organizations.
This, in order to identify what are the true costs of each customer and each order, enables the company to fully understand its cost structure thereby providing the base for better business choices and higher profitability. These are very sensible goals indeed. Even though the company is profitable, implementing a new, activity-based cost accounting system will allow the company to improve its margins and become even more focused and competitive in the future. 2.2. What is the difference between a.... ...
The contained paper has been prepared with objectives of elaborating over the three different costing methods namely, Absorption/Full Costing, Variable/Marginal Costing, and Activity Based accounting. The first segment of the report seeks to define and illustrate the costing methods based on the personal understanding of the writer gained through the class room and the academic readings. Part two of the report takes a form of short essay, written critically to evaluate the application of standard costing and variance analysis to any size of business, and concludes with a verdict that whether or not standard costing and variance analysis is applicable to each business with consideration of its costs and benefits of the system.
Project managers must take cost estimates seriously if they want to complete software projects within budget constraints. After developing a good resource requirements list, project managers and their software development teams must develop several estimates of the costs for these resources. There are several different tools and techniques available for accomplishing good cost estimation.
We know that it was going to be expensive to produce the product but we are confident that no matter the cost of production, our sales would greatly succeed the cost. The cost of producing a 5 oz. can was about 75 to 80 cents if they can produce 100,000 per month. If we were to produce 50,000 cans per month, that cost would rise by 5 to 10 cents per can. A 10 oz. can would cost about 25% more than a 5 oz. can would to produce. With those numbers, 100,000 5 oz. cans would cost us about $900,000-$960,000 per year to produce. 50,000 5 oz. cans would cost us $750,000. 100,000 10 oz. cans would cost us $1.125M-$1.2M a year...
Activity-based costing (ABC) is a costing method that is designed to provide managers with cost information for strategic and other decisions that potentially affect capacity and therefore “fixed” as well as variable costs. Activity-based costing is mostly used for internal decision making and managing activities while traditional costing method is used to provide data for external financial reports. Most organization uses activity-based costing as an addition system for using traditional absorption costing as sometimes the traditional cost system misleads the product’s profitability. In a company, there are many products on sale, if one product is sold at a high price with low product margin and a product with high product margin at a low price, it may result in a loss. In addition, due to the reason that cost drivers and enterprises business may change, activity-based costing analysis also needs to be revised periodically. This amendment should be prompted to change pricing, product, customer focus and market share strategy to improve corporate profitability.
g is an important tool that can help management in making informed decision. Though it is not legally required but still it is necessary to run an entity effectively. Cost accounting is turned toward the future. There are different methods of costing in Cost Accounting: Absorption costing and Variable costing. Both have some merits over the other.
Every company has some kind of Revenue and they all have costs that are associated with running the company. It is also true that if a company wants to increase their Revenue, their costs will increase too. It is every company’s goal to maximize revenue and either through Production or Services, and minimize cost. These things are easy to figure out, but actually identifying the production and figuring out how it will increase or decrease with change is very difficult.
Others feel that ABC would be more widespread in industry if it were marketed better by the cost accounting profession itself [1]. As the dust has settled, ABC has turned out to be less a revolutionary technique than a useful refinement to proven systems. The costs of products and services must be accurate, or management can be misled. Decisions... ...
The overall purpose of cost accounting is to advise top administration and the management team on the most suitable and cost effective methods and actions to employ based on cost, capability and efficiencies of a given product or service. It can be defined as the method where all the expenditures used during execution of business activities are gathered, categorized, examined and noted down (Horngren & Srikant, 2000). Once these numbers are gathered and recorded the information is used to determine a selling price and/or to identify possible investment opportunities. Although the principal aim or function of cost accounting is to help the business administration with their decision making and business planning process, the cost accounting data