INTRODUCTION
Practices designed to enhance appearance by making a physical change has a long and distinguished history. These practices date back to the time of the Pharaohs and are described in most primordial groups and essentially all of the higher cultures.[1] Tribesmen in Brazil wear disks and plugs as jewelry in perforated and progressively stretched lips and earlobes. Scarification of the skin as a method of beautification or a mark of distinction is popular amongst several African tribes. In ancient Athens, women bound their chests tightly to produce atrophy of the breasts because the small, firm breast was associated with poise and grace. [2] With the advent of technological civilization and culture, a widespread wish to improve appearance may relate to contemporary social customs. This strongly emphasizes the importance of common aesthetic norms that are strongly marketed and an increased accessibility of cosmetic surgery.[3]
The popularity of cosmetic surgery as a socially acceptable form of body modification has created a flourishing industry. [4] The exceptional increase in the number of elective cosmetic surgical procedures is well documented.[5] The British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons estimates that the demand for cosmetic surgery rose by nearly 35% between 2004 and 2005. [6] [7] The American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery reported a 155% increase in the number of cosmetic surgery procedures performed in the United States between 1997 and 2010. [7] [8] In Asia, cosmetic surgery has become an accepted practice and countries such as China and India have become Asia’s most popular cosmetic surgery destination. [8] Several factors may underscore this increase in the demand for cosmetic surgery. Th...
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...osmetic surgery and yet show little or no interest in actually having cosmetic procedures. [20] Subsequent studies are needed to elucidate the likelihood of actually undergoing specific procedures and the perceived benefits, limitations, and factors associated with making surgery a realistic option. [15] [23] [24]
CONCLUSION
We believe our study is an accurate portrayal of the perception of cosmetic surgery amongst university students in Nigeria. Awareness is high and attitudes toward cosmetic surgery are positively related to age, level of study and marital status. However there was no statistically significant difference based on gender. We strongly support the availability of facilities for cosmetic surgery in Nigeria. This should include creating a fellowship program in cosmetic surgery as well as the provision of appropriate and adequate surgical facilities.
In today society, beauty in a woman seems to be the measured of her size, or the structure of her nose and lips. Plastic surgery has become a popular procedure for people, mostly for women, to fit in social class, race, or beauty. Most women are insecure about their body or face, wondering if they are perfect enough for the society to call the beautiful; this is when cosmetic surgery comes in. To fix what “needed” to be fixed. To begin with, there is no point in cutting your face or your body to add or remove something most people call ugly. “The Pitfalls of Plastic Surgery” explored the desire of human to become beyond perfection by the undergoing plastic surgery. The author, Camille Pagalia, took a look how now days how Americans are so obsessed
Sullivan, Deborah A. "Tightening the Bonds of Beauty." Cosmetic Surgery: The Cutting Edge of Commercial Medicine in America. N.p.: Rutgers UP, 2001. N. pag. Print.
Facelift surgery and non-invasive techniques are not just for women. In this day and age, men are also getting facelift done to look youthful and fit. It has indeed become a new trend among men in 40s and older. Although the technique is all same, guys who get surgery do face a few social challenges unlike women. A number of popular Hollywood actors now have publicly claimed that they have got their face done.
Both men and women feel the need to look ‘ideal’ in today’s society, however these pressures fall more on women than men, although a lot of men do feel the need to under go procedures as well, “ A quarter for the Harley Medical Groups liposuction customers are now male.” (Nicolas, 2007) However according to BAAPS , 90,5% of women have cosmetic surgery where as only 4,757 of men have a cosmetic procedure (BAAPS). “Men began to dress soberly, paying little attention to their physical appearance, while women were increasingly concerned with altering and beautifying their bodies” (Davies, 1995) This means that the female body is the centre of attention in today’s society highlighting how women are expected to look ‘flawless’, at all times due to cultural expectations as well as emphasizing ...
Plastic surgery is one of the most growing fields in medicine. Reconstructive surgery is one of the branches from plastic surgery and it is defined as surgeries performed to restore facial and body defects caused by a disease, trauma, burns, or birth defects (Nelson, 2010). When it first started, it focused on helping people who are having difficulty blending in society. For instance, during the Renaissance era, in the late 1700s, doctors worked on enhancing the appearance of patients suffering from the nose deformation caused by syphilis using plastic surgery. Enabling them to blend in society and cover the disease. Also, after World War I, because there were a large number of soldiers with disfiguring injuries, the United States of America relied on plastic surgeries to improve the life of wounded soldiers (Nelson, 2010). The other branch of plastic surgery is cosmetic surgery. This type of surgery is performed to preserve or restore normal appearances, or to enhance it beyond the average level (American Board of Cosmetic Surgery, 2014). For the last couple of years, Plastic surgery marketing has focused massively on cosmetic surgery procedures rather than reconstructive ones. This type of advertising is having negative effects on society by increasing the number of needless procedures, changing the true meaning of beauty, and harming females’ self-esteem.
In conclusion, the benefits of cosmetic surgery differ between people and situations; any negative thoughts of others may have an effect on a person’s decision to have a procedure done, but it is for the patient to decide if changing their body is the right decision for them. Regardless of the influences on the younger generation, unrealistic ideologies of patients, and moral issues others may have, plastic surgery will continue to be a huge part of society. However, society should be focusing on how to encourage others to seek happiness in whatever they seem fit, rather than choose to destroy the aspirations of others who choose to build a perfect body for
Cosmetic surgery is a common topic among people as a way to elevate one 's state of beauty and to relate to the beauty standard that is set for both sexes. In America, people go through cosmetic procedures to satisfy their desire to have certain features that they believe to be beautiful such as bigger breasts, tinier waists, bloated lips, tighter skin, etc. However, this craze is nothing compared to South Korea. According to the Wilson Quarterly, South Korea has "an obsession" with plastic surgery with one in five South Korean women going under some type of cosmetic procedure, compared to the one in twenty people in the United States. This craze is due to the belief that an attractive face is needed for a successful career. The most popular
Most of us don't like some aspect of our appearance, whether it's sagging eyes or excess weight in particular areas, to name a few complaints. Lately a record numbers of Americans are doing something about it by having plastic surgery. Since 1995, the number of cosmetic procedures, which range from liposuction to facelifts, has almost tripled (English 23). Is that a healthy choice-or a dangerous trend? Aging has become the field of the future for plastic surgeons whose patients have reasons not always valid in the search for youth and beauty.
Some people have decided that plastic surgery may help improve someones mental health and therefore should be included in health care insurance, I think this is just absurd. I am all for the improvement of mental health care considering it is very lacking in this country but I also think that until there is more proof to this argument we should not include it in everyones medical insurance fees. America is having a crises when it comes to mental health care and already doesn't include mental health care in many insurance policies as it is and this far fetched idea may not be a good thing to add in for the general public until we have more evidence to support this topic. However, I don't think general cosmetic surgery should be allowed, I do see the benefit of other "cosmetic" surgeries such as gender reassignment surgery which I feel these are less cosmetic and more geared towards mental health.Basically, I generally disagree with the idea that cosmetic
Some people’s obsession with plastic surgery is obviously getting out of control. It starts with only getting one thing fixed or corrected but then quickly escalates and before you know it, a face that once was all-flesh turns into plastic. According to a study conducted by Nigel Mercer (2009), “The number of official cosmetic surgeries has more than tripled to 34,000 since 2003”. The two reasons why plastic surgery should be banned are because of its high health risks, and because of the additional pressure it puts on people to look picture-perfect.
In Asia, cosmetic surgery has become more popular, and countries such as China, India and Thailand have become some of the main cosmetic surgery markets in Asia, in particular for “affordable breast augmentation and sex reassignment surgery, with international patients coming from Australia, Europe and neighboring Asian countries” (Riggs).
Cosmetic Surgery is a great discovery that has been around for many centuries. “The history of plastic surgery origins in the early 800 B.C. when surgeons in India restored noses to persons who had them taken off as a form of punishment.” (History of Cosmetic Surgery, 2008) Many people have used over the years cosmetic and reconstructive surgery to enhance their physical appearance weather it be for health problems associated with birth defect or problems that they have developed over the years or to even alter physical appearances for instance nose jobs and tummy tucks. There are numerous types of cosmetic surgery that can be done today in the United States, over the year’s surgeons techniques have improved dramatically. There are a number of pro’s and con’s that go along with cosmetic surgery, such as the amount of recovery time and the initial cost of surgery. Statistics also show that cosmetic surgery has grown so rapidly over the years it is phenomenal people who receive cosmetic surgery goes up by the millions every year. While there can be many related health risks due to cosmetic sugary, many times cosmetic surgery is necessary and its is made more affordable than thought to be.
“The Hidden Dangers Of Cosmetic Surgery.” Forbes. 16 06 2011: n. page. Web. The Web.
Have you ever looked in the mirror and not liked what you saw? Haven’t we all? How about this, have you ever looked in the mirror and considered spending thousands of dollars to change what you see? Nope, me neither, but unfortunately thousands of people everyday do. Whether it’s a new nose, bigger breasts, an uplifted face, or any other cosmetic surgery, everyday someone is going under the knife to feel better about themselves. Now you may think, well that’s fine if they’re happy that way. However, it is most likely that after a surgery they will be more upset with what they see. There are many risks ignored by patients having cosmetic surgery
Plastic surgery good and bad There are so many good and bad things that can come from getting plastic surgery. This essay will tell you all the effects, good and bad, that come from getting plastic surgery. The main reasons that people get plastic surgery are medical, personal, and at times career enhancement. Though we all should be satisfied with our looks, we aren’t.