Treatment for coronary heart disease can range from simple changing your lifestyle to having medical or surgical procedure done. Although there is no cure for this disease, doctors and scientist have gone to great lengths to further understand and treat this disease. From testing on animals to controversial procedures, to finding alternative types of treatment whether it be medical or holistic. Has any research been successful? And what is to come for this disease in the future?
According to the American Physiological Society, scientist use animals to learn more about health problems that affect both humans and animals, and to assure the safety of new medical treatments. Animals are also used because they are biologically similar to humans and it is easier to control their diet, temperature and lighting. Animals are only used when it is impractical and unethical to use humans. With using animals,
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the development of drugs and medical treatments are found. Once they find that the therapy or methods seem promising, they are then tested on other animals before humans beings volunteer to take part in a clinical trial. When it comes to diseases of the heart, dogs contribute to the basic understanding of how to manage the disease. Electrocardiography, cardiac catheters, angiograms and coronary blood flow measurement were developed through research using dogs. Also surgical techniques such as cardiac bypass, angioplasty and heart transplants were developed through research using dogs. [@. (n.d.). Why do scientists use animals in research? Retrieved November 28, 2016, from http://www.the-aps.org/mm/sciencepolicy/animalresearch/publications/animals/quest1.html]. Chelation, which is a chemical process where a substance is used to bind molecules, such as metals or minerals, and hold them tightly has been a controversy when it comes to coronary heart disease.
The use of disodium EDTA for heart disease has not been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, yet about 111,000 adults in the United States used chelation therapy as a form of complementary medicine in the year of 2007. [Chelation for Coronary Heart Disease. (2016). Retrieved November 28, 2016, from https://nccih.nih.gov/health/chelation]. Dr. Rekha Mankad, M.D. argues that some doctors are concerned about the safety of chelation therapy as treatment because the safety and effectiveness cannot be determined. She also goes on to write that the results of the Trial and Assess (TACT) did not prove enough evidence to support routine use of chelation therapy for the disease. [Mankad, R., M.D. (n.d.). Heart disease. Retrieved November 28, 2016, from
http://www.mayoclinicdisease.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/expert-answers/chelation-therapy/faq-20157449]. An unhealthy lifestyle, smoking, high levels of fat and cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes and blood vessel inflammation lead to coronary heart disease [Coronary Heart Disease. (n.d.). Retrieved November 28, 2016, from https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/causes]. So when it comes to wither preventing or treatment for this disease, your physician may recommend changing your diet living and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. No smoking. Medication, such as statins, are also an option. Your physician may also prescribe other medications to help decrease the chances of a heart attack or suddenly dying, lowering blood pressure, preventing blood clots and to reduce the heart workload and relieving the symptoms. Both angioplasty and a coronary bypass can be used to treat the blocked or clotted artery. Lastly, cardiac rehab is also an option. This may be prescribed after surgery, angina, or even a heart attack. Cardiac rehab is a medically supervised program that may help improve the health and well being of someone with heart problems. There are also two parts to the rehab, the first part consist of education, counseling and training which helps you to not only understand your heart condition, but also helps you to find ways to reduce your risk of future heart problems. It will also help you cope with the stress of adjusting to a new lifestyle and how to deal with your fears of the future. The second part of rehab consist of exercise training which teaches you not only how to safely exercise, but to help you strengthen your muscles, and improve your stamina. [Treatment for Coronary Heart Disease. (n.d.). Retrieved November 28, 2016, from https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/treatment]. What does the future hold for coronary heart disease? A Policy Statement from the American Heart Association believes that coronary heart disease and its cost with increase substantially in the future. They also believe that although this disease is preventable, the healthcare system should promote prevention and early intervention. Lastly they believe that through a combination of improved prevention of risk factors, and treatment of the risk factors, the health and economic impact of coronary heart disease can be diminished. [Forecasting the Future of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) in the United States. (n.d.). Retrieved November 28, 2016, from https://professional.heart.org/professional/ScienceNews/UCM_424964_Forecasting-the-Future-of-Cardiovascular-Disease.jsp]. In conclusion, the future seems very promising for coronary heart disease, and I believe that one day there will be a cure. As for right now prevention is key, coronary heart disease is still the leading cause of death in the United States of America. So it is up to us to live and maintain a healthy lifestyle and get physicals regularly to make sure that or health is intact.
The primary concern for Mr. Miller would be preventing further ischemia and necrosis of the myocardial tissues, preventing serious complications such as cardiac dysrhythmias and heart failure, as well as relieving his chest pain that radiates to his left arm. Preventing further ischemia and necrosis of the myocardial tissue will help prevent the development of heart failure due to myocardial infarction, whereas relieving his pain will help reduce his episodes of shortness of breath, and will also help to reduce any anxiety and restlessness he may be having from being in pain and short of breath.
It occurs because of repetitive electrical activity. This can occur in a patient with early or late heart failure, because there is damage to the heart tissue and the heart beats faster to try to supply the body with blood. Recommended treatment is elective cardioversion. Drugs used include an antidysrhythmic such as Mexitil or Sotalol (Ignatavicius &Workman, p. 728-729).
Since the time of Aristotle, animals have been used to further human progress. When Galen pioneered the study of anatomy or when Harvey discovered the circulation of blood, they used animals as a vital portion of their work. Why? Because at the time there was no alternative short of testing on human beings, an option very few would morally accept then or even now.
Roger, Go, Lloyd-Jones, et al. states “Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States for men and women of all racial and ethnic groups.” (As cited in Hinkle & Cheever 2014, p. 729). There are different types cardiovascular diseases and they have a lot in common in terms of characteristics. This paper will focus on discussing acute coronary syndrome and myocardial infarction. To distinguish the two from each other, it is important to know the similarities and differences in etiology, clinical manifestations, medical management, collaborative care and nursing management for these two diseases.
This assignment is a case study that aims to explore the biospychosocial impacts of a myocardial infarction on a service user. It will focus on the interventions used by healthcare professionals throughout the patient’s journey to recovery. To abide by the NMC’s code of conduct (2015) which states that all nurses owe a duty of confidentiality to all those who are receiving care, the service user used in this case study will be referred to as Julie. Julie is a 67 year old lady who was rushed to her local accident and emergency following an episode of acute chest pain and was suspected to have suffered from a myocardial infarction. Julie who lives alone reported she had been experiencing shortness of breath and
Over 100 Million animals are burned, crippled, poisoned and abused in testing Labs every year. Animals are used to test the safety of products, advance scientific research, and develop models to study disease and to develop new medical treatments all for the sake of mankind. Animals should not be used for scientific research because animal testing is inhumane, other testing methods now exist, and animals are very different from human beings.
Why do we have to use animals for research? Many humans and animals get the same illnesses because animals are biologically similar to humans. Animals have a shorter life cycle than humans and as a result, they can be studied throughout their whole life span or across several generations. According to information from the Office of Technology Assessment, it is estimated that between 17 and 23 million animals are used in research each year. Approximately 95% of these animals are rats and mice specifically bred for research and 4.25% of these animals include rabbits, guinea pigs, sheep, fish, frogs, insects, and other species. Most importantly, only 0.75% of the animals in research are cats, dogs, and primates. Major medical advances have been made because of the research of these animals. (Animal Research 2013)
Historically, the use of animals for experimental purposes dates back to early Greek physician-scientists. Aristotle and Galen both conducted experiments on animals in an effort to contribute to our understanding of science and medicine.1 Claude Bernard later established animal experimentation as part of the scientific method. Known as the father of physiology, Bernard stated that “experiments on animals are entirely conclusive for the toxicology and hygiene of man. The effects of these substances are the same on man as on animals, save for differences in degree.”1 Bernard’s work strongly influenced the use of animals in biomedical research, which has become a common, and often required, practice today. The American Medical Association (AMA)...
Animals should be used for research and Experimentation because if the animals get sick or show any signs of acting abnormal then the scientists know it isn’t safe for humans to use. Animal research has played a big role in nearly every medical breakthrough over the last decade. Animals have the same organ system that perform the same task, which helps determine if what is being tested is safe for humans to use. Most of the medicines animals use the same medicine as humans like antibiotics, pain killers, and many more this helps to see if the medicine cures the animals without any harmful consequences then it would be safe and useful for humans to use.
Although coronary artery disease does not have a specific who, what, or when it is said to have been discovered in the 13th century. Leonardo Di Vinci was alleged to have looked into coronary arteries. William Harvey in the 16th century was also credited to have discovered how the blood moves throughout the body. It was not until the 19th century when doctors and researchers started to redirect their attention to coronary arteries. Near the end of this century researchers realized the blockage of arteries in a dog caused theirs ventricle to "quiver" and kill them in a short amount of time. In 1878, Ludwig Hektoen theorized that some diseases were a result of coronary artery disease such as myocardial infraction. Until the mid-1900s researchers were not positive on what coronary artery disease actually was. Over the past 60 years a vast amount of data has been discovered. Recently, an Egyptian princess that lived more than 3,500 years ago that died from coronary artery disease was discovered by scientists in 2011.
Just as breast cancer is killing our African American women, heart disease is also one of the major diseases killing our women. Heart disease is one of the nation’s leading causes of death in both woman and men. About 600,000 people die of heart disease in the United States (Americas heart disease burden, 2013). Some facts about heart disease are every year about 935,000 Americans have a heart attack. Of these, 610,000 are a first heart attack victim. 325,000 happen in people who have already had a heart attack. Also coronary heart disease alone costs the United States $108.9 billion each year. This total includes the cost of health care services, medications, and loss of productivity. Deaths of heart disease in the United States back in 2008 killed about 24.5% of African Americans.
Research on animals is deemed necessary to develop vaccines, treatments, and cures for diseases and to ensure that new products are safe for humans to use. “The development of immunization against such diseases as polio, diphtheria, mumps, measles, rubella, pertussis, and hepatitis all involved research on animals […]” (AMPEF 1). Scientists have found many drugs by means of animal experimentation. To some people, animals are viewed as better test subjects than anything else. Scientists can control many aspects in an animal’s life such as their diet, the temperature, lighting, environment, and more. Animals are biologically similar, but not identical to humans and can form some of the same health problems. When these health problems are injected into an animal it can have the same physical reactions as a human could.
Research on animals is a vital process to stem cell research and other research in medicine. Animals can be used by scientist for research as long as it does not harm or kill an animal. Over the years animals have been experimented on for research and have contributed greatly to medicine. However, if animals are continuously killed for trial and error than that suggests animal cruelty.
In today’s world, many people assume that the latest medical technology and treatments are always the best option. However, all over the world, different techniques for curing diseases and aliments are being used. These methods fall under the category of complementary and alternative medicine.
“Animals were used in early studies to discover how blood circulates through the body, the effect of anesthesia, and the relationship between bacteria and disease” (AMA 59). Experiments such as these seem to be outdated and actually are by today’s means, scientists now commonly study for three general purposes: (1) biomedical and behavioral research, (2) education, (3) drug and product testing (AMA 60). These three types of experiments allow scientists to gain vast amounts of knowledge about human beings.... ... middle of paper ... ...& Co.