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The use of stereotypes in media
Consumer and business buyers behaviour
The use of stereotypes in media
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Consumer psychology is an important part of current society. The reasons behind why products are in some areas and not others are determined by consumer psychology. Businesses must decide what to sell. They must also decide how and where to sell their products. Psychological concepts assist businesses in making decisions and discovering the best options available to them. Companies find ways to creatively brand their products to entice consumers to purchase them. People are not always aware they are making decisions to buy a particular product or go to a particular store. Consumer psychology helps businesses make choices to increase profitability.
Consumer Psychology
Professionals attempt to determine the buying habits of people through consumer psychology. One definition is, “the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society” (Cherry, 2014). Understanding the buying habits of society assists businesses in deciding what products to sell and what locations to sell them. A product that is extremely popular in one area may not sell at all in another. Consumer psychology pinpoints what products sell in a specific area and what price those products sell at.
Psychological Concepts
Businesses have discovered, through studying the buying habits of people, diversifying products increases sales. Company A produces only purple glasses. They will have some sales, but not everyone wants purple glasses. Company B produces purple, green, blue, black, white, and yellow glasses. Company B will sell more products because they will appeal to a wider au...
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... people. Studies have indicated people are not always aware of the buying decisions they are making or why. All of these pieces together make up the study of consumer psychology. They explain why some products are found in one area, but not in another.
Works Cited
Chartrand, T., & Fitzsimmons, G. (2011, January). Nonconscious consumer psychology. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 21(1), 1-3. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2010.12.001
Cherry, K. (2014). The psychology of consumer behavior. Retrieved from http://psychology.about.com/od/branchesofpsycholog1/a/consumer-psychology.htm
Schiffman, L. G. and Kanuk, L, L. (2010). Consumer Behavior (10th ed.) Upper Saddle Rive, NJ: Pearson.
Schmitt, B. (2012, January). The consumer psychology of brands. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22(1), 7-17. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2011.09.005
Consumer behavior is the ways that consumers exhibit in searching for, purchasing, using, evaluating, and disposing of, products and services. The study of consumer behavior as a separate marketing discipline all started when marketers realized that consumers did not always react as marketing theory suggested they would (Ekström, 2003). Many consumers rebel at using the identical products that everyone else used, instead they prefer differentiated products that they feel reflect their own special needs, personality and lifestyles.
We are all consumers, and we buy diverse products every day. But, do you know what the main factor is that influences us to choose a product? If someone selects a cloth, maybe he pays attention to its quality! Customers’ decisions can be changed depending on what the main factors they are looking at. Various influences can cause consumers to select different products.
More importantly, the decision to purchase is done subconsciously. This means that the majority of the time, your consumer is not even aware of their decision to buy or not to buy your product. In fact,
“Nothing in a grocery store is where it is by accident. Every item on a shelf has been planned” (Paco Underhill). In the articles, “The Science of Shopping” by Malcolm Gladwell and “How Target Knows What You Want Before You Do” by Charles Duhigg, these authors exemplify effective marketing strategies which were composed by Paco Underhill and Andrew Pole. Underhill is an environmental psychologist; additionally he employs the basic idea that one’s surroundings influences ones behavior and invented structuring man-made environments to make them conducive to retail purposes. Pole was a statistician and revolved his entire life around using data to understand
... of consumer behaviour, lays emphasis on the objectivity of science and the consumer as a reasonable and sensible decision maker. While, the interpretive point of view is in contrast to that of the positivist, in that it emphasises on the importance of the subjective meaning of the consumers individual experience, hence, it suggest that whichever behaviour a consumer performs is subject to diverse interpretations to a certain extent than just a single explanation to it.
Many principles of Watson’s behaviorist theory are used in modern advertising. Advertisers realized the best way to manipulate consumers was through their emotions. Ads that make the consumer feel happiness, love or fear and anger will force them to formulate a decision on the product being advertised. For example, according to the Taiwanese movie ‘Twelve Nights’ directed by Raye, is about to advocate the prevention of abandonment to animals. We ask ourselves whether we love pets while watching the video or seeing the trailer. While seeing a sad-looking dog with a sappy ballad in the movie trailer, those pictures give the grief to viewers, and this sadness might cause more and more consumer to buy the movie tickets to cinema to support this film. The advertiser stimulates an emotion in the consumer in benefit of this cause.
Personal preference is another factor as some people prefer variety of goods whereas others prefer not having too many choices at all.
... and Engel, J. (2007). Consumer Behaviour An Asia Pacific Approach. Australia: Nelson Australia Pty Limited. 172.
Mooij, M.de. (2004). Consumer Behavior and Culture, Sage Publications, Page 102, Page 119, Page 274, Page 275
Every company wants to understand why people decide to buy its products or others. Firstly, we have to understand why people buy certain kind of product. People buy products because they need them. A need is activated and felt when there is a sufficient discrepancy between a desired or preferred state of being and the actual state. (Engle£¬Blackwell and Miniard. 1995. p407 ) For example, when you feel hungry, what you needs is some food. It is very important for marketer to understand the needs of consumers. All the consumers may have the same needs, but the ways which they satisfy what they need are different. Here is a example, Chinese people would choose rice when they feel hungry, whilst British people may choose bread to satisfy their needs.
Conclusion Companies are better able to market their products to consumers if they have a good Understanding of the consumers and the basic purchase decision process. By understanding the consumer and the type of purchasing behavior associated with different products, marketers are more likely to create a marketing campaign that positively impacts the consumer’s purchasing decision.
Marketing professionals create, manage and/or enhance brands in order to create or bolster demand for the product. A successful marketing plan will help assure that consumers look beyond just the price or function of a product when making a purchasing decision, in part, a well planned marketing effort will create a “feel good” association about the product the consumer is about to purchase (Petty) A key part of a career in marketing is to understand the needs, preferences, and constraints that define the target group of consumers or the market niche corresponding to the brand. This is done by market research. This is accomplished through market research, essentially using survey techniques, statistics, psychology and social understanding to help gather information on what consumers want and/or need, and then designing products, or services, to hopefully meet ...
4. Research shows that consumer behavior is clearly influenced by self-concept, the way a person feels and thinks about himself or herself.
To effectively sell a product or service, organizations have to really know how customers behave, regarding to what they buy. The study
The research on consumer behavior assists the organization recognize and forecast the purchase behavior of the consumers while they are purchasing a product. Thus, the study of consumer behavior helps the marketers not only to understand what consumer's purchase, but helps to understand why they purchase it (Kumar, 2004). There are a lot of elements which can influence the purchase decision of consumers such as social influences, cultural influences, psychological factors and personal factors (Super Professeur, 2011). Understanding these factors helps the company to market the product on right time to the right consumers in order to generate more profits. On the other hand, if the marketers fail to understand these components that might influence consumers, they will fail to convince the consumers to purchase that product or will fail to meet the demands of consumers. However, consumer behavior is one of the stimulating and challenging areas in marketing studies being a human activity focused on the products and services. Thus understanding the behavior of the consumers is a great challenge. Moreover, it is not easy to get a full picture of consumer behavior as customers make plenty of different buying decision every day and they usually do not know exactly what influences their purchase. In short, basing on all