Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Pros and cons of conscription in ww1
Conscription Crisis of World War One
Conscription Crisis of World War One
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Pros and cons of conscription in ww1
The act of applying conscription during the First and Second World Wars have nearly torn Canada apart. The conscription crisis of 1917 was a treacherous event that occurred during the First World War. During this time the relations between Quebec and the rest of Canada were in an all time low in our Canadian history. The Québécois thought conscription was merely unnecessary no matter what circumstance; while all other Canadians did essentially want conscription occur. The contrast was inevitably high on the issue of conscription between the Québécois and the rest of Canada thus creating a solution when conscription was indeed needed was impossible. However while William Lyon Mackenzie King was the Prime Minister during the Second World War; he reacted differently in comparison to Robert Borden. Although King promised not to introduce conscription as did Borden in his campaign race; he dealt the issue of conscription in a more controlled manner. Essentially Mackenzie King approached the issue of conscription using prior knowledge learnt from World War One.
In 1917 Robert Borden made terrible mistakes into which caused the Country separating Conscription Crisis of 1917. When Prime Minister Borden was elected he promised that there would be no obligatory conscription applied in any event. In the beginning of the war more than 400,000 soldiers volunteered for service overseas, one in 20 of them were Québécois. The low interest of the French Canadian's vividly shown they were not interested in the war at all. By 1917 there have been very high amount of causalities; more people were dying then volunteering. Rob Borden thought that conscription was indeed needed. As a result on May 18, 1917 he retreated his promise on "no obliga...
... middle of paper ...
... J. Young. A Short History of Quebec. Montreal: McGill- Queen's UP, 2003.
Ferguson, Will. Canadian History for Dummies. Mississauga, Ont.: J. Wiley & Sons Canada, 2005.
Goodall, Lian. William Lyon Mackenzie King: Dreams and Shadows. Boucherville, Quebec: XYZ Pub., 2003.
Granatstein, J.L. Canada's War: The Politics of Mackenzie King Government 1939-1945. Toronto: Oxford UP, 1975.
Linteau, Paul-Andre and Robert, Jean-Claude. Quebec A History 1867-1929. Toronto: Lorimer, 1983.
Nelson, Sheila. Crisis at Home and Abroad: the Great Depression, World War II, and Beyond, 1929-1959. Philadelphia, Pa: Mason Crest, 2005.
Nolan, Brian. King's War: Mackenzie King and the Politics of War, 1939-1945. Toronto: Random House, 1988.
Pickersgill, J. W., and Donald F. Forster. The Mackenzie King Record. Vol. III. Toronto: –- University of Toronto, 1970.
...e to power in Quebec. This indicates that Quebecers supported non-violent methods in order to achieve independence for Quebec, rather than the violent methods of the FLQ, also indicating that the efforts of the FLQ would have been subdued by the Parti Quebecois. The death of Pierre Laporte was another unfortunate occurrence as a result of the War Measures Act which could have been avoided, yet some still believe his death is not related to the invocation of the War Measures Act. Justification is required for all actions which spark debate, and in events where the justification is provided under false pretences, someone must be held responsible. In this case it remains the Trudeau government. Trudeau may have had an admirable political career in which he made many wise decisions, however, the invocation of the War Measures Act in October 1970 was not one of them.
During the First World War, Canada suffered a great conscription crisis that divided the nation. The French-Canadian nationalists, led by Henri Bourassa, opposed conscription and felt that they were fighting an English war, and therefore felt no obligation to fight. The vast majority of those who enlisted during the age of voluntary recruitment were Anglophones; in contrast, very few Francophones volunteered to fight. On 17 May 1917, Prime Minister Robert Borden announced that military service was to become compulsory among men of fighting age of all classes. French-Canadians protested; however, despite their best efforts, the Military Service Bill came into effect. The protest eventually led to lengthy riots. Following this, Canada became
McElvaine, Robert S, ed. Down and Out in the Great Depression: Letters from the Forgotten Man. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1983.
The Great Depression America 1929-1941 by Robert S. McElvaine covers many topics of American history during the "Great Depression" through 1941. The topic that I have selected to compare to the text of American, Past and Present, written by Robert A. Divine, T.H. Breen, George M. Frederickson and R. Hal Williams, is Herbert Hoover, the thirty-first president of the United States and America's president during the horrible "Great Depression".
Jeffries, John. Wartime America: The World War II Home Front. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1996. Print. American Way.
Canada’s refusals to certain demands of the French Canadians demonstrated it as a country that cherished the big picture. For instance, concerning the low enlistments and high casualties Canada had three years after the Out broke of World War One, Prime Minister Robert Borden introduced conscription in 1917. In addition, 27 years after the first conscription crisis, Prime Minster King enabled conscription again for the same reason. Furthermore, the federal government and other provincial governments excluded Quebec’s sentiment as they agreed to partition the constitution in 1982. This was because Rene Levesque, the Premier of Quebec, stayed in a different hotel instead of the Chateau Laurier, where the officials made the agreement. Thus, the
Canada initially did not want to get involved in another war. On september8 , 1939, Prime minister Mackenzie King ecided to call a special session of Parliament to decide Canada's response. Only the CCF was against war, and so on the 10th of September, Canada declared war on Germany. Canada was not prepared for the war, the population was less enthusiastic, but nevertheless they still got over 50 000 volunteers. Aboriginals were among the highest percentage than any other group in Canada. African-Canadians were originally rejected but were later accepted. Canada agreed to host/administer a rtaining plan led by British instructors who would train pilots and other flight personnel. Air fields were built in the prairies and the program was
Effectively entering the war as a British colony, without any way in foreign policy and seen by the outside world as only one part of Britain’s vast Empire, Canada emerged from the war a nation of its own, with policies in-place on the world stage. While it is obvious that every country has to some extent a foreign policy in place, from the start of confederation up until the first World War, Canada’s strategies were visible with other nations but limited and uninvolved compared to those of other countries. As mentioned, the battle was inconsequential to the result of the Great War, but it gave Canada a start to sovereignty and a sense of potential to the country they were capable of becoming. The theme of noble sacrifice was conjoined with that of civic obligation, which later led to the sense of urgency needed to install a strong foreign policy. Being a relatively new country, Prime Minister Robert Borden was convinced that the battle could have been a symbol to step out Britain’s bubble and pursue independence that would bring separate representation and more independence to the Dominion of Canada. Needless to say, the events that happened at Vimy Ridge
During the last hundred days the Canadians liberated five hundred square miles and met and defeated forty-seven German divisions, nearly a quarter of the divisions in the German army. Therefore, by November 1918 Canadians believed that their participation had been “that of a nation defending its right to exist” and not a colony responding to the war effort of its mother country.17 During the war, prime minister, Borden had demanded a greater role for Canada, and was angered by the lack of communication between Ottawa and London. In a letter to the British he wrote, “It can hardly be expected that we shall put 400,000 or 500,00 men in the field and willingly accept the position of having no more voice and receiving no more consideration.”18 His discontent did not go unnoticed and the Imperial War Conference of 1917 reports state that any changes to the constitutional relations of the Empire “should recognize the right of the Dominions and India to an adequate voice in foreign policy and in foreign relations, and should provide effective arrangements for continuous consultation in all important matters of common imperial concern.”19 Therefore, the appearance of separate signatures for the Dominions, as members of the British empire on the Paris Peace Accord, represented international recognition of their status
The people in Quebec were never too keen on being British subjects, throughout Canada’s history they were constantly at odds with the ruling British government. The Quebecois dissatisfaction with the anglophones was warranted due the numerous amount of time when the British attempted to assimilate them into their own culture. Since the French were a minority in Canada they were mostly tolerated and left to their own devices. The loyalty of Canada’s French population was put to the test in WWI. At the beginning of the war Canada faced no difficulty in gathering eager volunteers for their fighting force, other than the fact that most of these volunteers were anglophones things were going well. As the war dragged on it became increasingly clear that having a volunteer army would not supply the Canadian forces with the numbers they needed(A City Goes to War). Canada’s French population was not likely to fight for a war that Britain was forcing them into. To replenish the Canadian army, Prime Minister Robert Borden was convinced he needed to create a conscription system. Conscription was unanimously opposed in Quebec, but Borden pushed through with the Wartime Elections Act which brought together the Liberals to join the Conservatives to form the Canadian Unionist Government. The bill allowed his government to get enough votes to enforce conscription(Jones,
Prime Minister Mackenzie King introduced Canada into WWII, stating that “No Canadians were to to be conscripted.” But over a period of time, the pressure on the Prime Minister rose because of Hitler’s victories in Europe. This was when Mackenzie king had exposed the National Resources Mobilizations act which stated that “ Every able bodied man would be trained for war, but would be stationed at Canada” ; Zombies “men who were forced to fight in war” and the Plebiscite, which was a national vote which decided whether conscription was necessary or not. Controversy between the english speaking Canadians and the french speaking Canadians became intense when French speaking Canadians did not want to conscription. Later, 16000 Canadians were conscripted to active duty. Conscription created a divide between the English and French Canadians. However, it also gave Canada a larger and stronger army, which worked well in the end. Canadian victories had been increased. The increase in victories helped Canada grow as a separate nation from
There was a lot of bitterness between the French and English due to issues surrounding conscription. Those who spoke against conscription were labeled as unpatriotic and cowardly. Immigrants who came from Europe were discriminated against highly as well and this can be seen in the War Measures Act. The War Measures Act was an act that allowed the government emergency powers under wartime allowing them to detain people and intervene in the economy as well as censoring mail and other such things. This meant that anyone considered an “enemy alien” (immigrant whose homeland was at war with Canada) could be deported or imprisoned. Not only could they be arrested and deported, but they could be thrown into internment camps. Over 8500 people were held here in isolation and all of these policies brought a large amount of nationalism and prejudice in Canadian society. Finally, another negative was that the First World War was very expensive. Canada spent millions of dollars’ worth of materials overseas to support their troops which resulted in a huge debt that would take decades to pay off which eventually also had a part in the great
The Canadian Parliament passed the Military Service Act. On August 28 of 1917, the Military Service Bill was passed and brought Conscription into law. Two days of violence in Montreal followed this. This Québec riot was only the beginning. After arrests, more rioting and even death, English and French Canada was divided.9 This shows the governments actions affecting the Canada because of the war. The issue left Canadians divided and distrustful of their government. In December 1914, Borden promised that “there has not been, there will not be, compulsion or conscription.” Out of the 108,000 soldiers conscription, only 48,000 made it overseas and less than half made it to the front. 10 Borden broke his promise to Canadians and conscription was almost pointless. This shows negativity towards the governments war effort. Conservatives were shut out of Quebec. For 50 years, the conscription crisis made the French nationalism vengeful, driving a wedge between Canada's linguistic divide.11 This shows the problems that the Canadian government had to suffer due to conscription. Proven through these events, conscription impacted the governments war
Canada was still technically part of Britain in 1941. Throughout the conflict in Europe Canadian military tried to remain an exclusive military force. British controlled Canada was having trouble recruiting more Canadians to fight, and was later known as the Conscription Crisis. British leadership had to develop a draft to replenish its ranks in Canada. This showed the remaining rift between the French and English speaking Canadians who felt little obligation to British. Of the 620,000 Canadians who served in World War 1, 59,544 were killed in action with 154,361 were wounded. The Canadian war effort in WWI was historically regarded as remarkable. Following World War 1 the British Empire reformed into Free states called the British Commonwealth of
Flynn, George, Conscription and Democracy: The Draft in France, Great Britain and the United States. West Port, Connecticut, Greenwood Press (2002)