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Theory of conflict management
Conflict theory summary
Conflict theory framework
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Most decision have more than one potential choice or path, be it a good choice or a poor one. Conflict occurs when there are opposing forces choosing different choices to the same decision tree. Conflict can be, internal to oneself, between individuals, or between groups. This essay will formally define conflict, including stages of conflict and conflict management strategies, through the analysis of a situation where someone’s poor decision with social media may have cost them employment opportunities.
In 2009 Connor Riley, a graduate student from the University of California, Berkeley posted a tweet, “Cisco just offered me a job! Now I have to weigh the utility of a fatty paycheck against the daily commute to San Jose and hating the work”
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Actions taken during conflict can escalate the situation through behaviors like aggression or stonewalling, or deescalate the conflict situation through things like collaboration and problem solving. (Shockley-Zalabak, 2015.). In this example, Connor’s action to deal with her internal conflict was to vent on the internet with the Twitter post in question. This post was also a triggering event for the Cisco employee who saw it, taking him through the stages to the manifest stage. His action (or in this case reaction) was to post a comment and potential to notify the hiring manager at Cisco. Conflict aftermath is the holistic overview of a conflict situation from latent through manifest, and its resulting outcomes. “It is the stage in which we evaluate the conflict as productive or counterproductive” (Shockley-Zalabak, 2015, p.287.). The outcome of this conflict is Connor hurt her personal brand and affected her employability; clearly I would say that is an unproductive outcome. On the other hand, some of the articles written about this could serve as a lesson to others about what not to do, so maybe something productive did come out of the
Did you know that in 2014, shoplifting and worker’s theft cost the retail industry a loss of thirty-two billion dollars (Wahba, 2015)? According Wahba “a common misperception about shoplifting is that retailers can ‘afford’ the loss of a candy bar or a pair of jeans” (2015). This type of reasoning certainly does make more sense when explained through the context of a criminological theory. For example according to the Rational Choice theory individuals weigh the costs and benefits associated with a criminal and or deviant act and then make a conscious choice. Other criminological theories explain criminal and deviant behavior using a biological, psychological, social, conflict, or multifactor component. Taking that into consideration in this
In several occasions, conflict occurs in the communication of one or two people. Several people have thought of conflict as cases involving pouring of furious anger in a communication process. Nonetheless, conflict is the misinterpretation of an individual’s words or values (Huan & YAzdanifard, 2012). Conflict can also be due to limited resources in an organization (Riaz & Junaid, 2010). Conflict may as well arise due to poor communication or the use of inappropriate communication channel of transmission of information between the involved parties. Management of conflict has various conflict management styles that include avoidance style, forcing style, passive-aggressive style, accommodating style, collaborating style and compromising style. Workplace conflict comes in two different kinds: task involving conflict, which focuses on the approaches used in resolving the problem and blaming conflict that has the aspects of blame and never brings element of resolving problems between the conflicting parties. In the perception of several individuals, relationship conflict is negative.
Working as a nurse in a psychiatric facility I see many conflicts on a daily basis that need resolved. Not all of them are life or death, most are pretty mundane, but nonetheless I must utilize some form of conflict management to resolve the situation. There are three types of conflict that are dealt with; staff versus staff, staff versus patient and patient versus patient. Sometimes the staff difference in thinking is the most difficult to be resolved since we all learn the same information but apply it differently. The hospital provides us with a class (NAPPI- Non-Abusive Psychological and Physical Intervention) that teaches conflict resolution techniques to use with the patients. This is the area I will explore to see if there are better or more options to utilize.
Evaluate what David Welch calls "the shifting landscape of conflict management" and its implications for the Intel Community.
Davison, H., Maraist, C., & Bing, M. N. (2011). Friend or Foe? The Promise and Pitfalls of Using Social Networking Sites for HR Decisions. Journal Of Business & Psychology, 26(2), 153-159.
A group can only be called a team if the members are actively working together toward a common goal. A team must have the capability to set goals, make decisions, solve problems, and share responsibilities. For a team to be successful, trust must be earned between its members by being consistent and reliable (Temme & Katzel, 2005). When more than one person is working on a particular task, inconsistent views or opinions commonly arise. People come from different backgrounds and live through different life experiences therefore, even when working towards a common goal, they will not always see eye to eye. Major conflict that is not dealt with can devastate a team or organization (Make Conflict Work, 2008). In some situations, conflict can be more constructive than destructive. Recognizing the difference between conflict that is constructive to the team and conflict that is destructive to the team is important. Trying to prevent the conflict is not always the best way to manage conflict when working within a team setting. Understanding conflict, what causes it, and how to resolve conflict effectively, should consume full concentration.
Many people enjoy working or participating in a group or team, but when a group of people work together chances are that conflicts will occur. Hazleton describes conflict as the discrepancy between what is the perceived reality and what is seen as ideal (2007). “We enter into conflicts reluctantly, cautiously, angrily, nervously, confidently- and emerge from them battered, exhausted, sad, satisfied, triumphant. And still many of us underestimate or overlook the merits of conflict- the opportunity conflict offers every time it occurs” (Schilling, nd.). Conflict does not have to lead to a hostile environment or to broken relationships. Conflict if resolved effectively can lead to a positive experience for everyone involved. First, there must be an understanding of the reasons why conflicts occur. The conflict must be approached with an open mind. Using specific strategies can lead to a successful resolution for all parties involved. The Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument states “there are five general approaches to dealing with conflict. The five approaches are avoidance, accommodation, competition, compromise, and collaboration. Conflict resolution is situational and no one approach provides the best or right approach for all circumstances” (Thomas, 2000).
workplace include greater total resources, greater knowledge band and a greater source of ideas. However, these advantages can also bring on conflict within teams and the entire workplace. Varney (1989) reported that conflict remained the number one problem within a large company. This was after several attempts were made to train management in conflict resolutions and procedures. However, the conflict remained. The conflict possibly remains because the managers and leaders did not pay attention to the seriousness of the issue. In order to maintain an effective team, leaders and team members must know and be proactive in the conflict resolution techniques and procedures.
The conflict that I am going to discuss is one that happened to one of my lifelong friends about two years ago. He was a freshman in college who liked to have fun, and because of it began to experiment with drugs. I am choosing to keep his name concealed and will use the name John Walsh in replace of his. Also though this is a story that I am telling about him I will tell it through John’s point of view to make the story more captivating and more filled with emotion. Throughout this paper I’m going to discuss an interpersonal conflict that I experienced with my parents and my friends. I will do this by addressing the fundamental elements of a conflict which include the
Look up the word conflict in the dictionary and you will see several negative responses. Descriptions such as: to come into collision or disagreement; be at variance or in opposition; clash; to contend; do battle; controversy; quarrel; antagonism or opposition between interests or principles Random House (1975). With the negative reputation associated with this word, no wonder people tend to shy away when they start to enter into the area of conflict. D. Jordan (1996) suggests that there are two types of conflict: good, which is defined as cognitive conflict (C-type conflict) and, detrimental, defined as affective conflict (A-type conflict). The C-type conflict allows for creativity, to pull together a group of people with different opinions or ideas, to combine and brain storm all thoughts to develop the best solution for the problem. The A-type conflict is the negative form when you have animosity, hostility, un-resolveable differences, and egos to deal with. The list citing negative conflicts could go on forever. We will be investigating these types of conflicts, what managers can do to recognize conflict early, and what strategies they can use to resolve conflicts once they have advanced.
Rahim (2002) differentiated person’s perception towards handling a conflict into two: “concern for self and concern for others” (p. 216). Further, the study explored two types of conflicts and observed that most conflicts arise during the decision-making process. Dysfunctional conflict, which hinders team performance and interpersonal relations due to individual’s self-interest in implementing particular decision. Functional conflict serves organization purpose with employees involved in the conflict regarding which proposal to implement (Rahim, 2011).
Functionalism and theories around the principle of functionalist perspectives view parts of society as how they contribute to the overall stability of society as a whole. Each part of society serves as a purpose towards how each culture's functions in maintaining balance throughout generations. There are also factors of society that functionalist theorists reflect upon and that is the emphasis on social order, social stability, and shared public values. If there are dysfunctional characteristics that are not addressed within a society, it will affect other parts of society negatively.
that may result in a struggle for power or position. Conflict management, therefore, can be
This model distinguishes six possible sources of conflict that may arise: incompatible goals, differentiation, interdependence, scarce resources, ambiguous rules, and communication problem (McShane and Von Glinow 332-333). Incompatible goals involves that “the goal of one person or department seem to interfere with another person’s or department’s goal” (McShane and Von Glinow 333). Differentiation is described as the “difference among people, departments, and other entities regarding their training, values, beliefs, and experiences” (McShane and Von Glinow 333). Interdependence “occurs where individuals operate interdependently except for reliance on a common source or authority” (McShane and Von Glinow 335). Scarce Resources are a source of conflict when several persons or units require the same recourse to fulfill their goals. Ambiguous Rules occur as a source of conflict because “uncertainty increases the risk that one party intends to interfere with the other party’s goals” (McShane and Von Glinow 335). Communication Problems are a source of conflict “due to the lack of opportunity, ability, or motivation to communicate effectively” (McShane and Von Glinow 333).
Conflict is part of the normality and is manifested with varying degrees of intensity, occurring when people feel they have created inconsistencies between their goals, aspirations and expectations (Cojocaru, C 2010, p.429). Conflict is unavoidable whether it is in the workplace, or in social life. Hatch and Cunliffe states that learning to deal effectively with conflict and making it functional is a critical investment for good intrapersonal and interpersonal relations in organizations well as setting the tone for a positive climate and culture for success (cited in Judonoo, E & Schroeder, K & Boysen-Rotelli, S 2012, p.52). It is beneficial for organisations to promote a culture of healthy conflicts by creating the right atmosphere. This is the best approach for organisations as conflict will occur regardless, in which time and money are spent in resolving them. However, in today's society, modern workplaces can sometimes see conflict as a positive. According to the 'Model of the Conflict Process' the positive conflict outcomes include better decisions, responsive organisation and team cohesion (McShane, Olekalns & Travaglione 2010, p. 415). Currently in few workplaces, conflict can be seen due to misunderstanding about differing needs. This leads to disagreements and arguments. Furthermore, this is not necessarily negative. When organisations recognize the conflict, they have to examine the situation and environment, in a more compassionate manner, understanding all options. This conflict can be an asset for organisations as it gives the opportunity to discuss and explore other options while opening pathways to different ways of problem solving and team building. Conflict can be beneficial at times as it enables individuals to