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The process of alternative dispute resolutions
Conflict Avoidance, Management and Dispute Resolution Procedures
The process of alternative dispute resolutions
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Definition between conflict and dispute
Ahmed (2007) indicates that conflict is disagreement between two or among more parties, which results in mutual opposition. Conflict is a process where one party regards its interests are opposed or effected by another party (Wall and Callister, 1995). Therefore, conflict is inevitable because each party has its own background and culture, goal and interest that may have impact on their action. Conflict can be managed. However, dispute may emerge from conflict, needs 3rd party resolvers and is not inevitable. Compared with conflict, dispute costs more time and money, destroys relationships and leads to an unpleasant ending.
Stages of conflict management and dispute resolution
According to Office of Government
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Mediation is a widely used ADR technique and settles disputes by inviting a third party, the mediator, to help both sides reach an agreement. To be effective and fair, mediator is neutral and responsible for the whole process, ensuring the resolution should be mutually agreed. If mediation is successful, the agreement will be written down and becomes a contract. Facilitative mediation encourages parties to better understand and communicate with each other. In facilitative mediation, the mediator works to ensure the agreement both parties reached is based on information and understanding. Therefore, mediator does not make suggestions and seek for the parties to have the major influence on decision-making. For example, the transformative model seeks empowerment of individuals through mediation process rather than impose the solutions (Boon, Urwin and Karuk, 2010). In evaluation mediation, the role of the meditator is to assist both parties to anticipate the outcome and help both parties to reach a solution by giving advice to their weakness. In contract to the mediator in facilitative mediation, the mediator in evaluation mediation plans the whole process and makes suggestion to both parties which directly affects the final …show more content…
Mediation, adjudication and arbitration are confidential ways to resolve disputes. The code of ethics of the administrative bodies guarantee the confidentiality of arbitration. For arbitration users, they should realize that proactive steps like requiring confidentiality during the time of planning at the initial stage or dispute can be used to ensure privacy (Philip, 1994). However, litigation may expose confidential problems as it is a public matter and may involve preparation for trial before a
A glaring question raised from the inspection of institutional rules on arbitration is whether privacy and confidentiality are different or not. To answer this very question, a crucial distinction should be made between both the terms. They have been presumed to be the core principles of any arbitral proceedings; this does not mean these two different concepts are implied to be one and the same thing. In fact they are corollaries to each other, since the reason of privacy is the concern for confidentiality. Privacy will be meaningless without confidentiality. Various scholars have made quite a number of distinctions as to what is exactly the concept of privacy and confidentiality.
Negotiation is a fundamental process used in resolving conflicts, making business deals, and in managing working relationships with others. Negotiations occur for two reasons: (1) to resolve a problem or dispute between parties, or (2) to create something new that neither party could do on its own.
In several occasions, conflict occurs in the communication of one or two people. Several people have thought of conflict as cases involving pouring of furious anger in a communication process. Nonetheless, conflict is the misinterpretation of an individual’s words or values (Huan & YAzdanifard, 2012). Conflict can also be due to limited resources in an organization (Riaz & Junaid, 2010). Conflict may as well arise due to poor communication or the use of inappropriate communication channel of transmission of information between the involved parties. Management of conflict has various conflict management styles that include avoidance style, forcing style, passive-aggressive style, accommodating style, collaborating style and compromising style. Workplace conflict comes in two different kinds: task involving conflict, which focuses on the approaches used in resolving the problem and blaming conflict that has the aspects of blame and never brings element of resolving problems between the conflicting parties. In the perception of several individuals, relationship conflict is negative.
In conclusion, traditional litigation systems and arbitrary or alternative dispute resolution techniques offer ways of dealing with business disputes. However, litigation systems are expensive, time-consuming, and rigid and have many risks including lack of confidentiality. On the other hand, arbitration is less time-consuming, cheap and flexible because it allows parties to draft their own arbitration agreements. Therefore, arbitrary dispute resolution (ADR) techniques are preferable for businesses.
What is crime? Does the way that people are socialized affect their participation in or disassociation with crime? There are many questions similar to the ones asked above that have been asked for a very long time. When these questions are organized into systematic scientific inquiries, they are known as scientific theories, and the people who attempt to answer them are known as theorists.
Engagement in peaceful and violent interactions, as well as the conflicts consequent from the, has changed greatly in the modern world. With the vast advancement in technology, our ability to communicate over long distances with various media devices has improved the ability to conduct peaceful conversations. This in itself decreases the chances of violence as all party members involved in a conflict of some sort are able to access and correspond with one another, if they so choose, without jumping the gun and heading straight into a violent solution. However, weapon technology develops simultaneously with modern technology, resulting in extreme weapons of mass destruction such as nuclear weapons and the fact that these weapons are so easily accessible enables violent interactions. Both the “Conflict Resolution” and “Nonviolence” paradigms have not been able to keep up with the development of modern technology and are therefore not applicable in some instances. While the “Conflict Resolution” paradigm maintains its applicability for most situations, the “Nonviolence” paradigm becomes obsolete in regards to the nuclear weapons that play such a large role in modern day conflicts. Nevertheless, both paradigms are useful tools in international peacemaking – methods such as negotiation from the “Conflict Resolution” paradigm are independent from the type of conflict involved. Similarly, the “Nonviolence” paradigm has methods e.g. the creation of peace movements, which are applicable to all conflicts regardless of their nature. This shows that while they might be limited in some aspects, the “Conflict Resolution” and “Nonviolence” paradigms are still useful in conflicts nowadays and contribute tools to international peacemaking even tho...
Before understanding how to deal with conflict, one must understand what conflict is. Conflict can be defined as, “any situation in which incompatible goals, cognitions, or emotions within or between individuals or groups lead to opposition or antagonistic interaction” (Learning Team Toolkit, 2004, pp 242-243). Does the idea of conflict always have to carry a negative connotation? The growth and development of society would be a great deal slower if people never challenged each other’s ideas. The Learning Team Toolkit discusses three different views of conflict: traditiona...
Conflict theory are perspective in sociology psychology that accentuate the social, political, or material inequality of a social group, that analysis the broad socio-political system, or that weaken from structural functionalism and ideological conservatism. With conflict theory, you will see tensions, status, and power are unevenly distributed between groups in society, which these conflicts become the purpose of social change. Conflict theory usually arise due to competition and limited resource that is feed by domination and power, rather than consensus and conformity. This is seen a lot on macro level. As a social worker, you will see and use conflict theory throughout your professional.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Alternative Dispute Resolution. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) involves dispute resolution processes and techniques that fall outside of the government judicial process. There has been moves against ADR in the past by entities of many political parties and their associates, despite this, ADR has gained inclusive acceptance among both the broad community and the legal profession in past years. In fact, many courts now entail parties to remedy to ADR of some type, usually mediation, before allowing the parties' cases to be tried. The increasing attractiveness of ADR can be clarified by the increasing caseload of traditional courts, the perception that ADR imposes fewer costs than litigation, a preference for confidentiality, and the desire of some parties to obtain larger control over the selection of the individual or individuals who will decide their dispute.
A prevailing theme that has shown up persistently in readings, lectures and Core Fridays is that conflict is the catalyst for change. Change is guaranteed to happen in this capricious world however when a predicament presents itself, change transpires at a much faster pace. A conflict is disagreement, argument or an obstacle and change can be described as the act of making or becoming different, these two go hand in hand. When faced with a conflict, we usually look for a solution which includes modifying something, resulting in a change. Throughout this course, we see conflicts which frequently results in a change in culture, priority, or our own way of thinking. For example, Pluto’s size sparks debate and calls for reclassification. Increasing greenhouse gases and rising temperatures resulting in new ways of thinking. Growing human population demands more efficient ways of growing food.
Both forms of ADR have several common characteristics. However, one must consider that a neutral side in both procedures fulfils distinct from one another duties. Mediators do not have the objective to make decision, whereas arbitrators determine an outcome of the case. Upon the termination of the procedure, an arbiter renders a binding award that cannot be later avoided by disputants. During mediation, parties are not contingent upon the third side and enjoy freedom of actions needed for dispute resolution. In contrast, in case of failure to reach an agreement, parties are not legally bound for actions afterwards. By considering the true qualities of arbitration and mediation taken individually, legislation and scientists suggest that in single arbitration, arbitrators may use mediators’ functions to promote amicable settlement and functions of both arbitrators and mediators have incongruous
In American colloquial English, the word “conflict” has come to be used almost exclusively to convey a negative experience or encounter such as a war, battle, fight, or other dispute. Current conflicts in 2016 include the United States’ wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, the presidential election, and Black Lives Matter vs. municipal police departments. However, one of the definitions of the word “conflict” includes a “mental struggle resulting from incompatible or opposing needs, drives, wishes, or external or internal demands” (Full definition of conflict, n.d.). The important part to note in this definition is that while the existing “opposing needs, drives, wishes, or external or internal demands,” may be incompatible, the use of the word,
According to McShane and Von Glinow, conflict is “a process in which one party perceives that his or her interests are being opposed or negatively affected by another party” (328). The Conflict Process Model begins with the different sources of conflict; these sources lead one or more parties to perceive that a conflict exists. These perceptions interact with emotions and manifest themselves in the behavior towards other parties. The arrows in the figure illustrate the series of conflict episodes that cycle into conflict escalation (McShane and Von Glinow 331-332).
Sociology, which is “the systematic study of human society”, derives from the word society, which refers to “people who live in a defined territory and share a way of life” (Macionis 3). The study of sociology shows us how humans interact, and how they are influenced by their societies. Furthermore, sociology teaches us how the people in our societies can get along with each other and function based on agreements, despite the many conflicts present. While studying sociology, an individual focuses on the factors that affect the beliefs and values of a society, and how societies function.