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A short essay on the use of animals for research
Animal research
Animal relations
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Animals and people help one another in ways you don’t know! Animals and people can share emotions, form bonds and help each other in many different ways. In the stories, “My Life with the Chimpanzees” (pg. 101), “Hachiko: The True Story of a Loyal Dog” (pg. 119), “Monkey Master” (pg. 153) and “Reading Buddies” (pg. 94) they all show how these animals and humans form strong bonds and help each other out. One of the ways people and animals help one another is by accepting and not being afraid of each other. You have to keep trying no matter how many times you fail as Jane Goodall did in the Story “My Life with the Chimpanzees”. In “My Life with the Chimpanzees” Jane Goodall shows many reason how animals and people can help one another. This story is about the author, Jane Goodall, …show more content…
describes her first few months observing chimpanzees in the wild.
It was a challenge, of course the conditions were dangerous, and the chimps feared humans and often ran and hid away from her. But she found ways to observe them, which became easier and easier as they habituated to her presence. Jane immersed herself among the chimpanzees and formed a strong bond with some of the chimpanzees while studying their behavior in the wild. Jane had to get up very early in the morning to find a spot to observe the chimpanzees without scaring them. “I went to the Peak, I discovered that from this high place I had a splendid view from all directions.”(pg. 103) For one year Jane observed the chimpanzees before she approached them to within 100 yards. She knew she had to form a bond before they would help each other. Goodall left a banana out for the chimps and
one day a male chimp helped himself to the banana. His name was David Greybeard. “A month later David took a banana from my hand, I could hardly believe it.” (pg. 106) Jane is helping David by giving him a banana. David is helping Jane by letting her observe chimpanzees at a closer range. A bond is forming between them. David also helped Jane by trusting her and bringing his other chimp friends with him so Jane can observe more of the chimps and see the differences between them. Jane discovered that each chimp looked different and had their own unique personality. These are some ways that Jane and the chimpanzees formed bonds and helped one another. In “ Hachiko: The True Story of a Loyal Dog” it shows how Hachiko forms a bond with Dr. Ueno as he waits for him at the train station everyday. Dr. Ueno is the owner of Hachiko and Hachiko walks with him to the train station everyday so he can get on the train safely. Hachiko waits all day until his owner, Dr. Ueno, comes back and Hachiko wags his tail when he sees him. This shows that they care for each other and have a strong bond while helping each other out. Dr. Ueno stated this also, “He walks me to the station every morning and waits for me to come home every afternoon.” (pg. 119). This is one way animals and people can help one another. Hachiko is helping Dr. Ueno by walking him to the train station and waiting for him all day after finally walking home together. Dr. Ueno is helping Hachiko by taking care of Hachiko. Another way that people and animals in help each other in this story is when Kentaro comes to the train station everyday. Kentaro is helping Hachiko but taking some of his lunch and being very thoughtful by giving it to Hachiko. “He was always there, waiting near the newspaper stand. (pg. 120). “I often saved a morsel from my lunch and hid it in one of my pockets.” (pg.120). Hachiko is helping Kentaro by coming to the train station and comforting him. For example, whenever Kentaro was cold he would rub his face in Hachiko’s fur. “ When it was cold, I would bury my face in the thick ruff of creamy fur around his neck.” (pg.120). Even when Hachiko’s owner dies Hachiko still walks to and from the train station every day showing loyalty and faith. Those are some ways Hachiko, Kentaro and Dr. Ueno all helped each other through a bond of loyalty and trust. In “Monkey Master” the story shows how animals and humans can help each other in different ways. This story is about a monkey that paint abstract art. Waldemar Januszczak talks about art painted by a number of different apes but most notably a chimpanzee named Congo. Januszczak also stats that comparing someone’s painting to a monkey’s would normally be an insulting joke, but some of Congo’s art is truly excellent abstract art. Humans help the monkey by leaving out art supplies that he uses to draw and paint with. Congo helps lets the photographers take pictures of him painting and drawing. He also help the people by letting them take the painting and put it on display. But sometimes they would try to take it from him but he did not let them becuase he was not finished. “Fascinatingly, if you tried to take a picture away from Congo before he had finished with it, he would scream and throw fits.” This shows that Congo’s actions were deliberate and he put thought into his creations. Humans were able to study and gain an understanding of Congo’s behavior. This was the first time that animal behavior was studied in this way. Congo’s favorite color to use was red and his least favorite color was blue. Congo helped humans gain more insight into animal emotions and behavior. Famous artists such as Pablo Picasso and Salvador Dali collected some of Congo’s abstract art. Dali was quoted as saying, “The hand of a chimpanzee is quasi-human; the hand of Jackson Pollock is totally animal.” This signifes there is a close relationship between people and animals. Piccaso did not want to believe his wotk was similar to a monkeys, but there was something in the paintings that fascinated him. Another way the chimpanzees helped us was by sparking interest in abstract art that facinated many animal lovers. Humans helped the chimpanzees because the humans showed that chimpanzees have a higher level of thinking than thought before. “It is the work of these apes, not the prehistoric cave artists that can truley be said to represent the birth of art.” These are the ways Congo and the humans helped each other.
Before being introduced to any chimpanzees, Fouts was a psychology master’s student, and was originally planning to work with children. However, he was introduced to a couple, the Gardeners, who asked him to assist them on a research project at their home. The Gardeners were the first people to
At first, Jane just sat on a peak at the top of a mountain, so that she could observe the chimps. The chimpanzees would keep a safe distance away so they were able to watch Jane and make sure that she wasn’t going to hurt them in any way. After eighteen months, Jane had finally been accepted into the animals’ group – she was finally considered to be one of them.
There are contrasts in tool kits used by different groups of chimpanzees, which seem to be a result of the environment in which they live as well as information that is shared by the group. For example, in 1973 it was reported that chimpanzees in Gombe did not use hammer stones, but those of Cape Palmas did. We will explore the tool use of Chimpanzees from the wild, including Gombe, Tai National Forest, and the Congo Basin---and contrast those with Chimpanzees in captivity in locations of Zoo’s both in the United States and abroad.
Although the practice of collecting animals have been present since 2500 B.C (Dunlap and Kellert), efforts to keep animals in a safe and natural habitat have been poorly consummated. Psychological manipulation has consequentially drawn chimpanzees to mental illness, as in the article “How Abnormal Is the Behavior of Captive, Zoo-Living Chimpanzees?” Lucy P. Birkett and Nicholas E. Newton-Fisher wrote, “Many chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) kept in laboratory housing settings show a variety of serious behavioral abnormalities, such as, repetitive rocking, drinking of urine, or self-mutilation.” Social and maternal separation for the benifit of reasearch are linked to psychological traumatic as well (Dunlap and Kellert). Although through history the service of zoos have been for entertainment, it is a trivial reason for holding chimpanzees in confidment. Subsequently, it is inhumane to take primates from the wild and place them in a zoo, commercial, or laboratory setting, which strips them of their ability to act naturally.
In his lecture, primatologist Robert Sapolsky explains the uniqueness of humans as well as our similarities to other primates. In doing so, he broke it down into six points of interest: aggression, theory of mind, the golden rule, empathy, pleasure in anticipation and gratification postponement, and lastly, culture. Professor Sapolsky approaches each point with interesting fact-based examples thus allowing me to gain insight on humans and other primates. Sapolsky’s knowledge of primates along with his scientific background allows him to make a clear argument that one cannot simply ignore.
In primates such as chimpanzees it is imperative to look at their culture to understand their intelligence. Culture in this circumstance means a specific set of behaviors obtained through learning in a population/species. Chimpanzee’s intelligence is quite unique how they interact with their environment and use it to their benefit just like humans. They have the ability to overcome the obstacles of everyday life through learning and the ability to use tools to create a better quality of life. The complexity of their intellect is different from any other animal ever seen. A significant part of chimpanzee intelligence that sets them apart from other primates and puts them closer to humans is the way they exhibit social learning within their culture and interactions within their environment.
Thesis Statement: Despite the rampant protests of animal welfare organizations on encaging primates in zoos since primates typically show abnormal behavior, zoos in the National Capital Region claim that human interaction and enrichment programs help alleviate the stress and trauma primates experience.
Can one person, one person out of the billions of people on this magnificent planet, really make a difference? There are over seven billion people living on Earth, each with a separate and unique purpose. Jane Goodall, one person out of the seven billion, knew her purpose from a young age, and dedicated her life to accomplishing it. In Reason for Hope, Goodall unearths the connection and compatibility between faith and knowledge, and shares her project with her readers. Jane Goodall was a visionary, and had a project so immense that it must be broken down into three subprojects: the effect of chimps on chimps in Gombe, the relationship between chimps and humans throughout her time in the scientific world, and the human on human connection in our past, present, and future.
Chimpanzees are part of the non-human primate group. Though we share a common ancestor, evolution has pushed us in different directions. However this common ancestor causes humans to be curious about these creatures. As discussed in Jane Goodall’s video Among the Wild Chimpanzees we were once considered to be human because of our use of tools but once we observed these non-human primates using tools, this perception was changed forever. The question now at hand is if having the chimpanzees that we study in captivity makes a difference between studying wild chimps. These interesting creatures can be found naturally in the rainforests of Africa.
Everyone has emotions and everyone deals with them differently. The psychologists in Japan have been more clinically correct and culturally sensitive to use psychotherapy techniques for dealing with depression. When the western markets came into their territory, the markets slowly began to manipulate the Japanese. In contrary, the people of that country might be getting more help from their psychological immune systems by not changing the way they label their feelings than they do with the medications. Animals who are constantly disrupted by humans have the ability to get tempered and show this anger through aggressive behavior. Elephants who have been taken away from their families and homes go through the most traumas and as the emotions start to build up, one day it will all just trigger. We cannot just sit back and watch these animals while they go through such distress. We know we have to help these animals without disrupting their environments. We can do so by psychologically healing these animals. Words are singularly the most powerful force available to humanity. We can choose to use this force constructively with words of encouragement, or destructively using words of despair. Words have energy and power with the ability to help, and to heal. It has been said, “time heals all wounds.” I
Goodall argues that her readers have an ethical obligation to protect animals from suffering, but she also implies that it might be necessary sometimes to abandon that obligation. She points out that animals share similar traits with human beings: they have a capacity for certain human emotions, and they may be capable of legitimate friendship. Goodall’s evidence for this claim is an anecdote from her research. She recounts that one chimpanzee in her study, named David Greybeard, “gently squeezed [her] hand” when she offered him food (62). Appealing to readers’ emotions, Goodall hopes to persuade readers that the chimp is “sociable” and “sentient,” or feeling (62). According to Goodall’s logic, if researchers are careful to avoid tests that cause human suffering, they should also be careful to avoid tests that cause suffering for other life forms.
Chimpanzees portray their emotions through a number of facial expressions and mannerisms. Just like humans, they undergo mood swings, jealous rages, and laughter. For instance, Goodall observed during her research that a male gorilla “would threaten [me] with an upward and backward movement jerk of his head…” Some of their emotions are easy to read, while at other times we have to look at multiple places on their faces to understand their feelings. A chimpanzee also uses its facial expressions and sounds to communicate with each other, such as hoots and yells.
In July of 1960 at the age of 24 she went back to Africa along with her mom. She had never really worked with chimps before but was anxious to start. At first it was very difficult to observe the chimpanzees. Every time she would try to get close to the chimps they would always run away. Jane was determined to observe the chimps and here determination helped her develop the best method to study the chimpanzees. After working hard and staying determined she soon got the chimps to start trusting her. Jane stuck to her techniques and after two years earned the chimpanzees trust completely so much that they would come to her looking for food. She spent every day with the apes and this time helped her learn things that no one had ever learned about chimpanzees before. Goodall was devoted and hardworking when it came to earning the trust of the chimps. She would even eat food with them and spend time with them in the
Her discoveries made a major contribution to the biological community, paving the way for others, and well as earned her many awards. Not much about chimpanzees was known, or studied, on the mid-1900s before Jane came along. At the time, these animals were mainly unbothered by curious humans. But the height of the space research program involving chimps went from the early 1950s to the early 1960s, right around the time Jane first ventured to Africa ("Air and Space | Research | Release & Restitution for Chimpanzees"). They were used to test gravity force as well as other conditions expected in space travel. Furthermore, Jane was not the only scientist to be studying the monkey family behaviorism, though she is certainly the most well known. An additional scientist at work around the same time was Francine Patterson. With permission form the San Francisco Zoo, she started to train a one-year-old gorilla American Sign Language. Patterson, still alive and well today, founded The Gorilla Foundation, a non-profit organization committed to the preservation of lowland gorillas (“Ape Women: 10 Dedicated Primate Researchers”). Similarly, Sally Boysen is also renowned for teaching chimps to read and write using English words and letters, as well as studying their cognitive development (“Chimps R Us”). Yet another scientist and conservationist, Birute Galdikas, was working with orangutans around 15years after Jane’s most prominent work with chimpanzees. Galdikas dedicated her life to the safety and wellbeing of the animals entrusted to her (“Birute
The experiments and other data show that animals are not just driven by instincts alone. There is more to them than that. It is hard to watch dogs play and believe that they derive no fun or pleasure from it at all. Animals have shown that they are sensitive to their social surroundings. They punish one another and alleviate other’s pain. Some monkeys in established communities attack those that find food and don’t share. These studies are important. A better understanding of how animals are feeling could create a whole new guideline of rules on the way animals should be treated. Humans should not be so arrogant to believe they are the only animals capable of emotion. How are we capable of seeing from their viewpoint and assume they feel no emotion.